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Studies Document (studies + document)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	33%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	33%

Selected Abstracts

Neurodevelopmental outcomes of children with low-grade gliomas

DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 3 2008
M. Douglas Ris
Abstract As a group, children with low-grade gliomas (LGGs) enjoy a high rate of long-term survival and do not require the intensity of neurotoxic treatments used with higher risk pediatric brain tumors. Because they are generally considered to have favorable neurobehavioral outcomes, they have not been studied as thoroughly as higher-grade brain tumors by late-effects researchers. In this article, we review the literature on the neurobehavioral effects associated with low-grade gliomas and conclude that, (1) this is a large, understudied group of survivors of pediatric brain tumors; (2) recent small- and large-scale studies document increased risk in multiple cognitive-behavioral domains after treatment for LGGs compared with healthy peers; (3) such risk is not uniform but varies with tumor location and treatments; and (4) a life span development perspective is essential to a complete understanding of the risks faced by these children. More research on the most efficacious biopsychosocial treatment models for improving the outcomes of survivors of low-grade glioma is recommended, informed by a better understanding of theireducational needs. Investigations of genetic influences on outcome as well as prospective studies of these patients as they age are also recommended. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:196,202. [source]

Expression of multiple P2Y receptors by MDCK-D1 cells: P2Y1 receptor cloning and signaling

DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 1 2003
Richard J. Hughes
The Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line, a well-differentiated renal epithelial cell line, is a useful model to examine P2Y receptor signaling and response. Our studies with MDCK-D1, a clonal isolate, demonstrate that these cells release ATP in response to mechanical stimulation and activation of certain G-protein-coupled receptors. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies document that MDCK cells express multiple P2Y receptors, including P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y6, and P2Y11 receptors. We isolated cDNAs for several of the P2Y receptor genes and expressed these in cells, such as the 1321N1 astrocytoma cell line, that lack native P2Y receptor expression. We report here the molecular cloning of the MDCK P2Y1 receptor, heterologous expression in 1321N1 cells, and the ability of the heterologously expressed receptors to increase intracellular calcium and phosphoinositide hydrolysis. ADP, methylthioATP, and ADP,S are agonists with the greatest potency, while ATP and ATP,S show lower potency and efficacy, and benzoylbenzoylATP, UTP, and UDP lack efficacy at the cloned P2Y1 receptor. Several antagonists, including MRS2179, A3P5PS, suramin, and PPADS blocked response at the cloned P2Y1 receptors. With their ability to respond to ADP and ATP, P2Y1 receptors, along with other P2Y receptors expressed in MDCK cells, contribute to the response of these cells to ATP (or its breakdown product, ADP) released from the cells and to exogenously added nucleotides. Drug Dev. Res. 59:1,7, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

On-market share buybacks, exercisable share options and earnings management

ACCOUNTING & FINANCE, Issue 1 2008
Balasingham Balachandran
G30; G32; M41 Abstract Chan et al. (2006b) suggest that managers might announce a share buyback to manipulate investors' perceptions and capitalize on the positive price reaction usually associated with the announcement. The incentive to do so is greater when managers have exercisable options. Prior studies document that managers engage in upwards earnings management for opportunistic reasons related to option holdings (Bergstresser and Philippon, 2006). We examine the association between earnings management and exercisable option holdings for buyback firms to investigate if earnings management in the pre-buyback period is greater for firms with equity incentives to increase share price. Our results, using 138 buybacks over the period 1996,2003, support our prediction. We find that buyback firms with both exercisable options that are in-the-money prior to the buyback announcement as well as options that are exercised in the buyback period have higher discretionary current accruals than buyback firms with no exercisable options, unexercised options or with out-of-the-money options. Overall, our results are consistent with buyback firms with exercisable options using earnings management and buyback announcements to maximize option payoffs, and buyback firms without exercisable options signalling undervaluation. [source]

The Accrual Anomaly Under Different Accounting Standards , Lessons Learned from the German Experiment

JOURNAL OF BUSINESS FINANCE & ACCOUNTING, Issue 7-8 2008
Christoph Kaserer
Abstract:, Several studies document that investors systematically overreact to accrual-based accounting information. We address the question to what extent this accrual anomaly is related to different accounting standards. We provide empirical evidence that the accrual anomaly is also present in Germany. However, this anomaly seems mainly to be driven by firms presenting their financial statements under IFRS or US-GAAP, while the anomaly is unlikely to exist for those firms complying with German GAAP. It is argued that introducing true and fair view accounting, like IFRS, that relies on difficult-to-verify information, may not be suitable to improve accounting information quality in the context of a weak corporate governance system. [source]

Breakfast Frequency and Quality in the Etiology of Adult Obesity and Chronic Diseases

NUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 6 2007
Maureen T. Timlin PhD
The frequency of eating breakfast has declined over the past several decades, during which time the obesity epidemic has also unfolded. Therefore, there is growing scientific interest in the possible causal role of breakfast in weight control and related disease risks. We conducted a MedLine search for studies that addressed meal frequency, breakfast consumption, and chronic disease risk. Clinical studies document that regular meal consumption can potentially reduce the risk of obesity and chronic disease through mechanisms involved in energy balance and metabolism. Many observational studies have found that breakfast frequency is inversely associated with obesity and chronic disease, but this literature does have some important limitations. Only four relatively small and short-term randomized trials have examined breakfast consumption and body weight or chronic disease risk, with mixed results. Large, long-term, randomized trials are needed. [source]

Memory for previous recall: a comparison of free and cued recall

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2002
Laura Maria Padilla-Walker
Case studies of individuals who claimed to have recovered previously repressed memories of abuse during situations that involved memory cueing revealed that some individuals had discussed abuse with others during an earlier time period. Termed the ,forgot-it-all-along' effect, this phenomenon has legal implications for statutes of limitations. Two experiments provide evidence for differences between free recall and more directed (recognition or cued recall) test conditions in the accuracy of memories for previous recall. Participants more often erred by claiming they had not previously remembered recognized (Experiment 1) or cued (Experiment 2) sentences than freely recalled sentences, and this difference was obtained even when the number of remembered sentences was equivalent across conditions (Experiment 2). These studies document that memory for previous recollection is less accurate for cued memories even when remembered events do not produce feelings of shock or surprise. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]