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Streptozotocin Injection (streptozotocin + injection)
Selected AbstractsActivity of the Chinese prescription Hachimi-jio-gan against renal damage in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rat: a model of human type 2 diabetes mellitusJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2006Noriko Yamabe Currently, in Japan, approximately 95% of patients with diabetes mellitus have non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of patients requiring chronic haemodialysis. A previous study showed that Hachimi-jio-gan has a protective effect in rats subjected to subtotal nephrectomy plus streptozotocin injection, a model of insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we used the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat, a model of human NIDDM, to investigate whether long-term administration of Hachimi-jio-gan affects glycaemic control and renal function in NIDDM. Male OLETF rats, aged 22 weeks, were divided into 4 groups of 10 and given Hachimi-jio-gan (50, 100 or 200 mg kg,1 daily) orally or no treatment for 32 weeks. Male Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats (n = 6) were used as non-diabetic normal controls. Hachimi-jio-gan reduced hyperglycaemia dose-dependently from 16 weeks of the administration period. Urinary protein excretion decreased significantly from an early stage, and creatinine clearance levels improved at 32 weeks. In addition, the levels of serum glycosylated protein and renal advanced glycation end-products were effectively reduced. Hachimi-jio-gan also significantly reduced the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in renal mitochondria, although it showed only a tendency to reduce these in serum. Furthermore, long-term administration of Hachimi-jio-gan reduced renal cortical expression of proteins, such as transforming growth factor-,1 (TGF-,1), fibronectin, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. The 100- and 200-mg kg,1 daily doses of Hachimi-jio-gan significantly reduced TGF-,1 and fibronectin protein expression to levels below those of LETO rats. These data suggest that Hachimi-jio-gan may have a beneficial effect on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in OLETF rats by attenuating glucose toxicity and renal damage. [source] Diabetes-induced Alterations in Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Properties Impair Effectiveness of Dynamic Cardiomyoplasty in RatsARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 4 2004Kátia De Angelis Abstract:, Short-term diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats with streptozotocin injection. The effects of diabetes on latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle contractile and biochemical properties and acute cardiomyoplasty (CDM) were assessed and compared with data from 16 control rats. Isometric force, contractile properties, and fatigue were measured in electrically stimulated muscles (0.3 ms, 1,256 Hz), and Na+K+ and Ca2+ATPase activities were quantified in muscle membrane preparations. Systolic arterial pressure and aortic blood flow were recorded at rest and during LD muscle stimulation. Compared with control muscle, diabetic muscle showed smaller maximum specific tetanic tension and lower rates of rise and fall in force. Diabetic LD muscle also showed lower muscle enzyme activities. Twitch tension and fatigue did not differ between groups. Smaller increases in aortic flow and systolic pressure after CDM were found in diabetic rats compared to controls. The marked decrease in CDM effectiveness in diabetic rats likely reflected the alterations in muscle properties associated with diabetes. [source] Effect of Withania somnifera on Insulin Sensitivity in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus RatsBASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY, Issue 6 2008Tarique Anwer NIDDM was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) to 2 days old rat pups. WS (200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally once a day for 5 weeks after the animals were confirmed diabetic (i.e. 75 days after streptozotocin injection). A group of citrate control rats (group I) were also maintained that has received citrate buffer on the second day of their birth. A significant increase in blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum insulin levels were observed in NIDDM control rats. Treatment with WS reduced the elevated levels of blood glucose, HbA1c and insulin in the NIDDM rats. An oral glucose tolerance test was also performed in the same groups, in which we found a significant improvement in glucose tolerance in the rats treated with WS. The insulin sensitivity was assessed for both peripheral insulin resistance and hepatic insulin resistance. WS treatment significantly improved insulin sensitivity index (KITT) that was significantly decreased in NIDDM control rats. There was significant rise in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R) in NIDDM control rats whereas WS treatment significantly prevented the rise in HOMA-R in NIDDM-treated rats. Our data suggest that aqueous extract of WS normalizes hyperglycemia in NIDDM rats by improving insulin sensitivity. [source] Functional Impairment of Renal Organic Cation Transport in Experimental DiabetesBASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Brett Grover The experiments compared the ability of renal cortex slices from streptozotocin-induced diabetic and non-diabetic rats to accumulate the model cation, 14C-tetraethylammonium under controlled conditions. Initial experiments demonstrated a progressive decline in tetraethylammonium accumulation with increasing duration of diabetes. The maximal decrease was observed at 21 days after streptozotocin injection. Time-dependent incubations revealed that tetraethylammonium uptake from both diabetic and non-diabetic rats followed a curvilinear pattern expected of an active process. However, at steady state the diabetic-derived slices accumulated a significant 38% less tetraethylammonium versus slices from non-diabetics. Concentration-dependent incubations of tetraethylammonium (0.01,10 mM, 60 min.) demonstrated saturable transport in both diabetic and non-diabetic slices with a significantly decreased capacity of diabetic-derived slices to accumulate tetraethylammonium. Cellular respiration rates in the two groups were not different. Insulin treatment of the diabetic rats prevented the transport decline. While the causative factor of the transport impairment in diabetes is unresolved, this study documents an aspect of diabetic nephropathy that has not been previously reported but which may have important implications for renal excretion of cationic drugs and toxicants. The results also provide a mechanism for the well-documented "protection phenomenon" by which the kidneys of diabetic rats are resistant to nephrotoxicity induced by the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. [source] | ||||||||||