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Strategic Perspective (strategic + perspective)
Selected AbstractsAn appraisal of the use of secondment within a large teaching hospitalJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 6 2001BA(HONS), J. Hamilton RGN, M MED SCI Introduction, This study was undertaken in a large teaching hospital in Sheffield. It explores the use of secondment as a vehicle for practice, service and career development. Aim, To provide us with an understanding of the ways in which we utilize secondment opportunities, with a view to developing good practice guidelines that will help both the individual and the organization to maximize the potential in each secondment post. Method, A survey of nursing staff who had been on secondment during the previous year. Questionnaires were used to gather data from the senior nurse in each specialty directorate to develop an organizational (seconder) perspective and 20 secondees to provide an individual (secondee) perspective. Results, Nurses tended to be seconded from clinical roles into specialist clinical roles or non-clinical roles, predominantly in areas of research, audit, practice development and teaching. Seconded posts were new roles for individuals and the majority were relocated to new work environments. Secondment was overwhelmingly seen as an opportunity, allowing individuals to develop new skills and knowledge, progress their career and gain a broader strategic perspective. However, there were a number of barriers to progress: lack of role definition for the organization and the individual; uncertainty about the future; falsely raised hopes that secondments would be extended; uncertainty about status; and difficulties adjusting to a new environment and culture within unrealistically short timeframes. Conclusions, Secondment use has become widespread throughout the National Health Service (NHS) and is a very positive and popular vehicle for staff and service development. The potential benefits are high but must be offset against the risks. This paper introduces an organizational risk assessment matrix which can be used to inform the development of effective secondment ventures. [source] Plant functional types , a strategic perspectiveJOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE, Issue 6 2000Galina, V. Semenova Abstract. This paper discusses the use of Plant Functional Types to describe vegetation types , from plant communities to formations , in order to understand the ecological constraints of plants and plant communities on a higher level of abstraction. The terminology around plant functional types, traits and strategies is in need of further clarification and unification. The use of the term plant functional type is recommended. We are in need of a total environmental framework in which, hierarchically or reticulately, plant functional types can be compared and interpreted. [source] Managing radical innovation: an overview of emergent strategy issuesTHE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 6 2002Christopher M. McDermott Despite differences in definitions, researchers understand that radical innovation within an organization is very different from incremental innovation [13,17,21] and that it is critical to the long-term success of firms. Unfortunately, research has also shown that it is often difficult to get support for radical projects in large firms [14], where internal cultures and pressures often push efforts toward more low risk, immediate reward, incremental projects. Interestingly, we know considerably less about the effective management of the product development process in the radical than in an incremental context. The purpose of this study is to explore the process of radical new product development from a strategic perspective, and to outline key observations and challenges that managers face as they move these projects to market. The findings presented here represent the results of a longitudinal (since 1995), multidisciplinary study of radical innovation projects. A multiple case study design was used to explore the similarities and differences in management practices applied to twelve radical innovation projects in ten large, established North American firms. The findings are grouped into three high-level strategic themes. The first theme, market scope, discusses the challenges associated with the pursuit of familiar versus unfamiliar markets for radical innovation. The second theme of competency management identifies and discusses strategic challenges that emerge as firms stretch themselves into new and unfamiliar territory. The final theme relates to the people issues that emerge as both individuals and the project teams themselves try to move radical projects forward in organizations that are not necessarily designed to support such uncertainty. A breadth of subtopics emerge within and across this framework relating to such ideas as risk management, product cannibalization, team composition, and the search for a divisional home. Taken together, our observations reinforce the emerging literature that shows that project teams engaging in radical innovation encounter a much different set of challenges than those typically faced by NPD teams engaged in incremental innovation. [source] The Etiology of the Occurrence of En Banc Review in the U.S. Court of AppealsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2007Micheal W. Giles The U.S. Courts of Appeals, working principally through three-judge panels, constitute important final arbiters of the meaning of the federal constitution, laws, and regulations and, hence, significant policymakers within the federal system. En banc rehearing,reconsideration of the decision of a three-judge panel by the full complement of judges appointed to the circuit,is an institutional device that ensures circuit decisions are in line with the established preferences of the circuit. The use of en banc varies in frequency across circuits and within circuits over time. Drawing on legal, attitudinal, and strategic perspectives of judicial behavior, we develop and test a set of integrated expectations regarding the causes of this variation. Our analysis finds support for the operation of all three models and suggests that the influence of ideology on the use of en banc in the recent era is not unique but part of a long-standing pattern. [source] Public Roles for the Medical Profession in the United States: Beyond Theories of Decline and FallTHE MILBANK QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2001Rosemary A. Stevens The future role of national medical organizations as a moral voice in health policymaking in the United States deserves attention from both scholarly and strategic perspectives. Arguments for strengthening the public roles of organized professionalism include its long (if neglected) history of public service. Scholarship of the past 40 years has emphasized the decline of a profession imbued with self-interest, together with associated hteories of organizational conflict. Through new concepts and language, a different version of organized medicine from that of the past might be invented for the future,one that draws on multiple medical organizations, encourages more effective cooperation with other health care groups, and builds on traditional professional agendas through adaptation and extension. [source] | ||||||||||