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State Practice (state + practice)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences66%

Selected Abstracts

Sovereignty and State Practice: Morality and Being

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 2 2010
Ken Fraser
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

State practices and Zionist images: shaping economic development in Arab towns in Israel , By David A. Wesley

THE JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Issue 4 2008
Tom Selwyn
[source]

A Guide to Understanding and Developing Performance-Level Descriptors

EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT: ISSUES AND PRACTICE, Issue 4 2008
Marianne Perie
There has been much discussion recently about why the percentage of students scoring Proficient or above varies as much as it does on state assessments across the country. However, most of these discussions center on the leniency or rigor of the cut score. Yet, the cut score is developed in a standard-setting process that depends heavily on the definition for each level of performance. Good performance-level descriptors (PLDs) can be the foundation of an assessment program, driving everything from item development to cut scores to reporting. PLDs should be written using a multistep process. First, policymakers determine the number and names of the levels. Next, they develop policy definitions specifying the level of rigor intended by each level, regardless of the grade or subject to which it is applied. Finally, content experts and education leaders should supplement these policy definitions with specific statements related to the content standards for each assessment. This article describes a process for developing PLDs, contrasts that with current state practice, and discusses the implication for interpreting the word "proficient," which is the keystone of No Child Left Behind. [source]

On Being Not Canadian: The Social Organization of "Migrant Workers" in Canada,

CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY/REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE, Issue 4 2001
Nandita Sharma
Se fondant sur la méthode d'ethnographie institutionnelle de Dorothy E. Smith, l'auteure étudie l'organisation sociale de notre connaissance des gens catégorisés comme non-immigrants ou « tra-vailleurs migrants ». À la suite de l'étude du Non-Immigrant Employment Authorization Program (NIEAP) du gouvernement canadien (1973), elle montre l'importance de la pratique idéologique raciste et nationaliste des États à l'endroit de l'organisation matérielle du marché du travail compétitif « canadien » dans le cadre d'un capitalisme mondial restructuré de même que la réorganisation qui en résulte des notions d'esprit national canadien. Elle montre aussi que la pratique discursive des parlementaires qui consiste à considérer certaines personnes comme des « problèmes » pour les « Canadiens » ne provient pas de l'exclusion physique de ces «étrangers » mais plutôt de leur differentiation idéologique et matérielle des Canadiens une fois qu'ils vivent et travaillent dans la société canadienne. Utilizing Dorothy E. Smith's method of institutional ethnography, I investigate the social organization of our knowledge of people categorized as non-immigrants or "migrant workers." By examining Canada's 1973 Non-immigrant Employment Authorization Program (NIEAP), I show the importance of racist and nationalist ideological state practice to the material organization of the competitive "Canadian" labour market within a restructured global capitalism and the resultant reorganization of notions of Canadian nationhood. I show that the parliamentary discursive practice of producing certain people as "problems" for "Canadians" results not in the physical exclusion of those constructed as "foreigners" but in their ideological and material differentiation from Canadians, once such people are living and working within Canadian society. Expressions such as,"foreigner", and so on, denoting certain types of lesser or negative identities are in actuality congealed practices and forms of violence or relations of domination, This violence and its constructive or representative attempts have become so successful or hegemonic that they have become transparent,holding in place the ruler's claimed superior self, named or identified in myriad ways, and the inadequacy and inferiority of those who are ruled. , Himani Bannerji. [source]

Brazil's Agrarian Reform: Democratic Innovation or Oligarchic Exclusion Redux?

LATIN AMERICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY, Issue 2 2003
Anthony Pereira
ABSTRACT The government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995,2002) redistributed a surprising amount of land to Brazil's landless. Assessing that reform, this study argues that an adequate appreciation of land redistribution must transcend the debate about the number of beneficiaries and place the reform in the larger context of state policies toward land and agriculture. It then asks to what extent such policies under Cardoso represented the dismantling of past state practices in the countryside. Although the Cardoso administration enacted some significant and democratizing changes, it missed other opportunities to benefit the rural poor, and its policies essentially maintained the agricultural model of the past two decades. [source]

Budgeting during a Recession Phase of the Business Cycle: The Georgia Experience

PUBLIC BUDGETING AND FINANCE, Issue 2 2003
Thomas P. Lauth
This article describes the impact of the nation-wide recession on Georgia revenue and spending decisions in the 2002 and 2003 fiscal years. The state's strong economy and conservative revenue estimating practices historically provided a hedge against revenue shortfalls during a recession phase of the business cycle. However, when state revenue collections for FY 2002 were 5 percent less than collections for the prior fiscal year, several gap-closing measures became necessary, including state agency spending reductions and substitution of bond proceeds for tax revenues. These revenue and expenditure gap-closing measures were intended to enable the governor to achieve his policy initiatives while maintaining a balanced budget. The state's Rainy Day Fund remained full and was held in reserve for budget balancing in FY 2004, if necessary. Budget balancing during the current recession has been made possible by the state's practice of not overcommitting to program increases and tax cuts during the expansion phase of the business cycle, and by effectively framing the issue of fiscal restraint. [source]