Home  About us  Contact
 

State Effects (state + effects)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Humanities and Social Sciences33%

Selected Abstracts

Cross-state variation in Medicaid programs and female labor supply

ECONOMIC INQUIRY, Issue 3 2000
E Montgomery
Using a pooled cross-section data set from the 1980 through 1993 Current Population Survey March Supplements, we test if different Medicaid benefit levels across states impact the labor supply behavior of female heads of households. The ordinary least square (OLS) results support the prediction that Medicaid expenditures reduce labor supply. Controlling for state fixed or random effects alters the effect of both AFDC and Medicaid on the decision to participate as well as the number of hours worked. We also find that while the effects of program generosity are sensitive to the inclusion of state effects those of variation in eligibility thresholds are not. [source]

Association of 5-HTT gene polymorphism, platelet MAO activity, and drive for thinness in a population-based sample of adolescent girls

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS, Issue 5 2008
Kirsti Akkermann MSc
Abstract Objective: Several lines of evidence suggest that alterations in serotonergic activity contribute to the pathophysiology of abnormal eating behaviors. Since platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and the 5-HT transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) have been associated with eating disorders, the knowledge from a population-based sample may provide useful information which changes in 5-HT function observed in eating disorders represent trait vs. state effects. Method: The sample was based on both cohorts of the Estonian Children Personality, Behavior and Health Study (ECPBHS). The current study was conducted during the second follow-up where altogether 82% from the original sample was recruited. EDI-2 subscales,Drive for Thinness and Bulimia,were used to determine eating attitudes and behaviors. Platelet MAO activity was measured and the participants were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR. Results: Allelic variation of 5-HTTLPR or platelet MAO activity were not independently associated with drive for thinness or binge eating, but girls homozygous for the 5-HTTLPR long allele and with high platelet MAO activity, both considered indicators of a higher capacity 5-HT system, exhibited higher scores of drive for thinness. Conclusion: The results suggest that drive for thinness is the highest in girls with the presence of two markers of higher serotonergic capacity. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008 [source]

NEXAFS multiple scattering calculations of KO2

JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, Issue 2 2001
M. Pedio
Since many years the oxidation of alkali metals has being attracted much interest due to the catalytic properties of metal promoters and the simple electronic structure of alkali atoms. The alkali-oxides phase diagram indicates that the interaction of oxygen with alkali metals can lead to the formation of different atomic O2- ions and molecular O2 - and O22- ions. Potassium superoxide has been prepared in situ and high resolution O k-edge absorption NEXAFS spectra have been measured at the VUV beam-line at ELETTRA facility. The experimental data have been analyzed by multiple scattering approach deriving many geometrical and electronic details. In particular, we have found that the growth material structure is of the KO2 type with an O-O distance of about 1.35Å and that the transition involving single , molecular empty state of the superoxide O2 - anion has a fine structure. Multiple Scattering self consistent calculation indicates that the bond between oxygen anion and K atom is totally ionic and that the fine structure is essentially due to solid state effects. [source]

Regionalising results from a detailed CGE model: Macro, industry and state effects in the U.S. of removing major tariffs and quotas,

PAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 1 2007
Peter B. Dixon
Regionalising CGE; state modelling; tariffs and quotas; U.S. trade; explaining CGE results Abstract., We describe a tops-down method for regionalising results from a detailed national CGE model. Using a 500-industry U.S. model, we generate macro and industry effects of removing major U.S. import restraints and translate these effects into employment results for U.S. states. Our results indicate that for most industries, the output change would be negligible but for sugar, butter and several textile industries output contractions would be large. The state employment changes are all between ,0.5 and 0.2 percent. We explain the results by elementary mechanisms in a way that does not require prior knowledge of the underlying CGE model. [source]

Non-steady state effects in diurnal 18O discrimination by Picea sitchensis branches in the field

PLANT CELL & ENVIRONMENT, Issue 5 2006
U. SEIBT
ABSTRACT We report diurnal variations in 18O discrimination (18,) during photosynthesis (18,A) and respiration (18,R) of Picea sitchensis branches measured in branch chambers in the field. These observations were compared with predicted 18, (18,pred) based on concurrent measurements of branch gas exchange to evaluate steady state and non-steady state (NSS) models of foliage water 18O enrichment for predicting the impact of this ecosystem on the ,18O of atmospheric CO2. The non-steady state approach substantially improved the agreement between 18,pred and observed 18, (18,obs) compared with the assumption of isotopic steady state (ISS) for the ,18O signature of foliage water. In addition, we found direct observational evidence for NSS effects: extremely high apparent 18, values at dusk, dawn and during nocturnal respiration. Our experiments also show the importance of bidirectional foliage gas exchange at night (isotopic equilibration in addition to the net flux). Taken together, neglecting these effects leads to an underestimation of daily net canopy isofluxes from this forest by up to 30%. We expect NSS effects to be most pronounced in species with high specific leaf water content such as conifers and when stomata are open at night or when there is high relative humidity, and we suggest modifications to ecosystem and global models of ,18O of CO2. [source]

ARCHAEOMAGNETIC FIELD INTENSITY DURING THE ROMAN PERIOD AT SIWA AND BAHRYN OASIS, EGYPT: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FIDELITY OF EGYPTIAN ARCHAEOMAGNETIC DATA

ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 3 2010
R. LEONHARDT
A preliminary survey was conducted in Siwa and Bahryn Oasis to test the possible influence of various rock magnetic and experimental constraints on the fidelity of the Egyptian archaeomagnetic field record. Five potsherds from the Roman era, which lasted from 1981 bp to 1555 bp, have been investigated. Archaeologists dated the localities to ,1620 bp. Ten ceramic specimens, two of each potsherd, were subjected to archaeointensity determination, including tests for domain state effects, magnetic anisotropy and magnetic cooling rate dependency. Six successful archaeointensity determinations are obtained from three individual cooling units, revealing an average field value of 37.7 ,T for the late Roman period in Siwa and Bahryn oasis, which is comparable to the present-day field strength. The error propagation of the individual uncertainties related to all applied experimental techniques results in a maximum uncertainty estimate of 4.4 ,T. The obtained field value is significantly smaller than early results and slightly smaller than some more recent determinations of the field intensity in Egypt. The difference is attributed to a combined effect of alteration, magnetic anisotropy and magnetic cooling rate dependencies. Along with other high-quality data from the south-east Mediterranean, our data suggest a field intensity minimum during the Egyptian Roman era. [source]