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Static Disorder (static + disorder)
Selected AbstractsNeurocognition and its influencing factors in the treatment of schizophrenia,effects of aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidoneHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 2 2010M. Riedel Abstract Background To examine influencing variables of neurocognition in patients with schizophrenia and to predict cognition during antipsychotic treatment. Methods Data were obtained from patients with an acute episode of schizophrenia participating in two double-blind and one open label trial comparing the effects of different atypical antipsychotics on cognition. In total, 129 patients were enrolled in this analysis. Cognitive function was assessed at admission, week 4 and 8. Efficacy and tolerability were assessed weekly using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Simpson Angus Sale (SAS). Patients were treated with aripirazole, olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone. Regression analysis including mixed effect models was performed. Results A significant improvement in all cognitive domains was observed from baseline to week 8. Regarding the antipsychotic treatment applied quetiapine seemed to achieve the most favourable cognitive improvement. Negative and depressive symptoms, the patient's age and the concomitant and antipsychotic treatment applied were observed to significantly influence and predict neurocognition. Conclusion The results may indicate that schizophrenia is a static disorder with trait and state dependent cognitive components especially in the memory domains. The influence of negative and depressive symptoms should be considered in daily clinical routine. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Raman spectra of apatites: La10,x Si6,y (Al,Fe)y O26±,JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY, Issue 1 2007G. Lucazeau Abstract Raman spectra of eight polycrystalline apatites of the general formula La10,xSi6,yM,yO26 ± , with M, = Al or Fe were obtained at 300 K. Raman spectra of La10Si4Fe2O26 and La9.83Si4.5Al1.5O26 were investigated in the range 80,1000 K and 80,623 K, respectively. Tentative assignments of bands to stretching and bending modes of SiO4 tetrahedra and to M'O vibrations are proposed. Except for the two new bands, which appear around 700 cm,1 when Al is replaced by Fe, only some band broadenings and relative intensity changes are observed as a function of the rate of O5 or La vacancies. Most of the bands soften and broaden continuously when raising the temperature. This is an indication that the Al- and Fe-substituted apatites do not undergo any structural change up to 1000 K. Above 1000 K, the broad and weak shoulder observed at 850 cm,1 for La10Si4Fe2O26 is replaced by a strong band at 868 cm,1, suggesting that SiO4 tetrahedra undergo a structural modification. All compounds show the same residual band broadening at 80 K. This suggests that there is a small rate of static disorder preferentially related to the solubility of Al and Fe in the Si sublattice rather than to other defects. Moreover, the observation of FeO modes indicates that the dynamics of the solid solution obeys the so-called two-mode behavior. The occurrence of FeO stretching vibrations 150 cm,1 lower than for those of SiO suggests that the coordination number of iron could be larger than 4, particularly for the Fe4+ species. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Hopping transport in 1D chains (DNA vs.PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 1 2004Abstract We discuss charge transport in one-dimensional organic solids (DNA and discotic liquid-crystalline glass (DLC)), focusing on the effects of static and dynamic disorder. In the presence of static disorder it can be shown that the temperature dependence of the low-field mobility is , , exp [,(T0/T)2], with characteristic temperature T0 depending on the scale of the energy distribution of localized states responsible for transport. In the case of both static and dynamic disorder the situation is different. We obtain a temperature independent mobility in our molecular dynamics calculations in the case of large static and dynamic disorder compared to the energy overlap integral between the neighbouring sites. The theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental data. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Disorder in crystals of dioxofluorotungstates, (NH4)2WO2F4 and Rb2WO2F4ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, Issue 6 2008Anatoly A. Udovenko Dioxotetrafluorotungstates (NH4)2WO2F4 [(I) at 297,K and (II) at 133,K] and Rb2WO2F4 (III) were synthesized in a single-crystal form and their structures were determined by X-ray diffraction. Two independent states of the cis -WO2F4 octahedron are characteristic of static and dynamic disorder in structure (I). Dynamically disordered W2 is displaced from the symmetry axis producing four possible orientations of anion that permits O and F atoms to be identified in separate orientations owing to the inherent differences between W,O and W,F bonding. After the phase transition at lower temperature (201,K), (I) transforms into the twin structure (II) with complete O/F ordering. Structure (III) is characterized by full O/F static disorder without any phase transitions at lower temperature. [source] Crystallographic evidence of Gly- d,l -Met oxidation to its sulfoxide in the presence of gold(III): solid solution of the racemic mixture of two diastereoisomersACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 2 2010Urszula Rychlewska Crystallographic analysis of a solid solution of two diastereoisomers, i.e. ({(1S,R)-1-carboxy-3-[(R,S)-methylsulfinyl]propyl}aminocarbonyl)methanaminium tetrachloridoaurate(III) and ({(1S,R)-1-carboxy-3-[(S,R)-methylsulfinyl]propyl}aminocarbonyl)methanaminium tetrachloridoaurate(III), (C7H15N2O4S)[AuCl4], has shown that in the presence of gold(III), the methionine part of the Gly- d,l -Met dipeptide is oxidized to sulfoxide, and no coordination to the AuIII cation through the S atom of the sulfoxide is observed. In view of our observation, literature reports that methionine acts as an N,S -bidentate donor ligand forming stable gold(III) complexes require verification. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that crystallization of the oxidation product leads to a substantial 77:23 excess of both S -methionine/R -sulfoxide and R -methionine/S -sulfoxide over S -methionine/S -sulfoxide and R -methionine/R -sulfoxide. The presence of two different diastereoisomers at the same crystallographic site is a source of static disorder at this site. [source] | ||||||||||