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Standardized Interview (standardized + interview)
Selected AbstractsScreening for mental disorders in cancer patients , discriminant validity of HADS and GHQ-12 assessed by standardized clinical interviewINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 2 2001Katrin Reuter Abstract The detection and classification of comorbid mental disorders has major implications in cancer care. Valid screening instruments for different diagnostic specifications are therefore needed. This study investigated the discriminant validity of the German versions of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A total of 188 cancer patients participated in the examination, consisting first of the assessment of psychological distress and, second, of the diagnosis of mental disorders according to DSM-IV by clinical standardized interview (CIDI). Discriminant validity of the two instruments regarding the diagnosis of any mental disorder, anxiety, depression and multiple mental disorders was compared using ROC analysis. Overall, the total HADS scale shows a better screening performance than the GHQ-12, especially for the detection of depressive and anxiety disorders. Best results are achieved for depressive disorders with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80, a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 76% (cut-off point = 17). For the ability of the instruments to detect patients with mental disorders in general, the GHQ-12 (AUC: 0.68) shows a similar overall accuracy to the HADS (AUC: 0.70). The screening performance of both scales for comorbid mental disorders is comparable. The HADS is a valid screening instrument for depressive and anxiety disorders in cancer care. The GHQ-12 can be considered as an alternative to the HADS when diagnostic specifications are less detailed and the goal of screening procedures is to detect patients with single or multiple mental disorders in general. Limitations of conventional screening instruments are given through the differing methodological approaches of screening tests (dimensional approach) and diagnosis according to DSM-IV (categorical approach). Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Sacrocolpopexy using xenogenic acellular collagen in patients at increased risk for graft-related complications,,NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS, Issue 4 2010Filip Claerhout Abstract Aims We studied the long-term anatomical and functional outcome following sacrocolpopexy for apical vaginal prolapse using xenogenic grafts in a population at increased risk for graft-related complications (GRCs). Methods Twenty-two consecutive patients with symptomatic apical prolapse were scheduled for laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSC) with porcine grafts because they were presumed to be at risk for GRC, because of pre-existing vaginal ulcerations (n,=,4), concomitant vaginal prolapse repair (n,=,15), total hysterectomy (n,=,1), or intra-operative abdominal contamination due to accidental laceration of the vagina, bowel perforation (n,=,1) or the presence of infection (n,=,1). Either small intestinal submucosa (n,=,8) or dermal collagen (n,=,14) was used. Outcome measures were GRCs, anatomical cure (,Stage I at any compartment), subjective cure, impact on bowel, bladder, and sexual function measured by a standardized interview. Results At study closure 20 (91%) patients were available for functional evaluation and 16 (73%) for anatomical evaluation at a mean follow-up period of 27.4 months. The GRC rate was 25% (n,=,4) prompting reintervention in half, and including two patients with spondylodiscitis. The anatomical cure rate was 31.5%. Failures at the vault, anterior, and posterior compartments occurred in, respectively, 31%, 18.8%, and 50% of patients. The subjective cure rate was 60% and three patients (15%) underwent redo-LSC. Conclusion The strategy of using xenografts in patients at risk for GRC, did not prevent these to occur and was associated with a high anatomical and functional failure rate as well as reoperation rate. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:563,567, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Self-monitoring of blood glucose; frequency, determinants and self-adjustment of treatment in an adult Swedish diabetic populationPRACTICAL DIABETES INTERNATIONAL (INCORPORATING CARDIABETES), Issue 5 2001Utilisation, determinants of SMBG Abstract Objective To analyse the utilisation of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) among adult diabetic subjects. Methods A cross-sectional study with a standardized interview, a physical examination, and an evaluation of medical records comprising all known diabetic subjects living in six defined primary health care districts in southern Sweden. Of 1861 identified subjects aged >25 years, 90.1% participated. Mean age was 66±0.4,yrs; 94% were diagnosed ,30,yrs, and 70.4% were not gainfully employed. Results SMBG was used by 36.3% of all subjects (20.5% regularly, 15.8% sporadically). In 51.8% of cases regularly performing SMBG the results were used for self-adjustment of treatment (SAT). In multiple logistic regression analysis SMBG was related to awareness of illness (OR [95% CI]; 2.64[1.59,4.40]), treatment with insulin (2.52 [1.92,3.29]), and inversely related to age (50,69,yrs; 0.70[0.50,0.99], >70,yrs; 0.40[0.28,0.59]). The strongest independent influence on SAT based on SMBG results was awareness of illness (3.42[1.74,6.74]), followed by duration >10,yrs (1.74[1.28,2.38]), and there was an inverse relation to a multiple disease pattern in terms of cardiocerebrovascular disease and age. Living conditions, social position, or treatment location were not evidently related to SMBG or SAT. Conclusions A large proportion of adult individuals does not use SMBG regularly. Regular SMBG performers do not use it for SAT, and thus the use is not optimized for achieving good glycaemic control and especially with regard to awareness of illness. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] ORIGINAL RESEARCH,MEN'S SEXUAL HEALTH: Orgasmic Dysfunction After Open Radical Prostatectomy: Clinical Correlates and Prognostic FactorsTHE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2010Yvette Dubbelman MD ABSTRACT Introduction., Erectile function after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) is extensively discussed in literature. However, less is known about orgasm after RRP. Aim., To analyze sexual function, in particularly orgasmic function, in men before and after RRP. Methods., Between 1977 and 2007 a RRP was performed in 1,021 men. All men were interviewed by their follow-up physician using a standardized interview about sexual function before and after RRP at regular intervals during a 2-year follow-up. The questions were related to sexual interest, sexual activity, spontaneous erections, and orgasmic function. Main Outcome Measures., Sexual function, in particularly orgasmic function, before and after RRP. Factors potentially influencing orgasmic function, such as patients age, type of operation, pathological stage and continence status were analyzed for their predictive value. Results., Information about preoperative and postoperative sexual activity and spontaneous erection was available in 596 and 698 men, respectively. Additional questions were asked on sexual interest (N = 425) and orgasmic function (N = 458). Pre-operatively, sexual interest, sexual activity, spontaneous erections and orgasmic function were normal in 99%, 82.1%, 90.0% and 90% of men, respectively. After operation these values decreased to 97.2%, 67.3%, 29.4% and 66.8%, respectively. Orgasmic function was preserved in 141 of 192 men (73.4%) after a bilateral nerve sparing procedure, in 90 out of 127 men (70.9%) after a unilateral nerve-sparing procedure and in 75 of 139 men (54.0%) after non-nerve sparing technique. Postoperatively, orgasm was present in 123 (77.4%) men below the age of 60 years and in 183 (61.2%) men of 60 years and older (P < 0.0001). Orgasmic function was significantly affected by age ,60 years, non-nerve sparing procedure and severe incontinence (more than two pads/day). Conclusions., After RRP, orgasmic function is still present in the majority of men. A non-nerve sparing operation, age, and severe urinary incontinence are risk factors for orgasmic dysfunction after RRP. Dubbelman Y, Wildhagen M, Schröder F, Bangma C, and Dohle G. Orgasmic dysfunction after open radical prostatectomy: Clinical correlates and prognostic factors. J Sex Med 2010;7:1216,1223. [source] The "Test-Tube" Generation: Parent,Child Relationships and the Psychological Well-Being of In Vitro Fertilization Children at AdolescenceCHILD DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2001Susan Golombok The introduction of in vitro fertilization (IVF) at the end of the 20th century constituted a fundamental change in the way in which families could be created, and by the start of the new millennium an increasing number of children have been (and are being) born as a result of this procedure. This article presents findings of a longitudinal study of the first cohort of children conceived by IVF to reach adolescence. Thirty-four IVF families, 49 adoptive families, and 38 families with a naturally conceived child were compared on standardized interview and questionnaire measures of parent,child relationships and children's psychological well-being. The few differences in parent,child relationships that were identified appeared to be associated with the experience of infertility rather than with IVF per se. The IVF children were found to be functioning well and did not differ from the adoptive or naturally conceived children on any of the assessments of social or emotional adjustment. [source] Validation of a new diagnostic procedure for DSM IV axis I disordersINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 3 2002Jean-Yves Loze Abstract Despite the fact that, in today's psychiatric research and especially in epidemiological studies, diagnostic assessments are made with reliable standardized clinical interviews, recent articles have shown discrepancies in prevalence rates of DSM IV axis I disorders assessed with different, yet reliable, clinical standardized interviews, raising the problem of the clinical relevance of some of these instruments. Within an epidemiological study, we developed a simple method for evaluating DSM IV axis I disorders with the aim of improving the clinical relevance of assessed diagnoses. This method is based on an evaluation performed by two clinicians. The first one used a short structured clinical interview (MINI v 5.0) and the second one completed the procedure with an open clinical interview, intended to be more clinically relevant. Finally, a consensus diagnosis is given by the two investigators. We conducted a survey in order to validate this method by measuring the agreement of diagnoses reported by two pairs of clinicians on a population of 20 inpatients. Results show that this double evaluation led to a high agreement (kappa ranging between 0.76 and 1.00) suggesting that the proposed evaluation procedure, which is intended to be more clinically relevant, is also highly reliable. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Variations on the CAGE Alcohol Screening Questionnaire: Strengths and Limitations in VA General Medical PatientsALCOHOLISM, Issue 10 2001Katharine A. Bradley Background: Several variations on the CAGE alcohol screening questionnaire have been recommended. This report evaluates modifications and additions to the CAGE. Methods: Alcohol screening questionnaires were evaluated in male VA general medicine patients (n= 227; mean age, 65.8). Mailed questionnaires included two scoring options for the CAGE (standard and last-year time frames), questions about quantity and frequency of drinking, two questions about episodic heavy drinking, and the question "Have you ever had a drinking problem?" Main analyses compared alcohol screening questions, at various cut-points, to a gold standard of hazardous drinking during the past year (,14 drinks/week or ,5 drinks on an occasion) and/or DSM-III-R alcohol abuse or dependence, based on standardized interviews. Results: The CAGE questionnaire with a past-year time frame was much less sensitive (0.57 vs. 0.77) but more specific (0.82 vs. 0.59) than the standard CAGE for detecting hazardous drinking during the past year and/or DSM-III-R alcohol abuse or dependence. An eight-item questionnaire that included the standard CAGE was most sensitive (0.92) but had low specificity (0.50). A single question about the frequency of drinking ,6 drinks on an occasion, included in the eight-item questionnaire, was both relatively sensitive (0.77) and specific (0.83). Conclusion: The CAGE questionnaire with a past-year time frame was an insensitive alcohol-screening test. An eight-item augmented version of the standard CAGE was the most sensitive. A question about the frequency of drinking ,6 drinks on an occasion performed better than the standard CAGE, which made it the optimal brief screening test for at-risk drinking. [source] Misunderstanding standardized language in research interviewsAPPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2004Michael F. Schober Leaving the interpretation of words up to participants in standardized survey interviews, aptitude tests, and experiment instructions can lead to unintended interpretation; more collaborative interviewing methods can promote uniform understanding. In two laboratory studies (a factorial experiment and a more naturalistic investigation), respondents interpreted ordinary survey concepts like ,household furniture' and ,living in a house' quite differently than intended in strictly standardized interviews, when the interpretation was left entirely up to them. Comprehension was more accurate when interviewers responded to requests for clarification with non-standardized paraphrased definitions, and most accurate when interviewers also provided clarification whenever they suspected respondents needed it. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 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