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Standardization Procedure (standardization + procedure)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences50%

Selected Abstracts

Institutional Stimulation of Deliberative Decision-Making: Division of Labour, Deliberative Legitimacy and Technical Regulation in the European Single Market

JCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 5 2008
THOMAS GEHRING
Institutions stimulate deliberative decision-making if they hinder stakeholders from introducing bargaining power into the decision process. This article explores the conditions for, and limits of, the creation of deliberative legitimacy in single market regulation. An assessment of the standardization procedure demonstrates that legitimacy arises only from the combination of political and technical deliberation. [source]

Critical evaluation of the chemical standardization procedure for measuring gastric emptying of solids

JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS AND RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS, Issue 13 2002
P. Goethals
Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the baking process of yolk spiked with octanoate to measure gastric emptying rate of solids. [1- 11C]octanoate was produced by the reaction of [11C]CO2 with heptyl magnesium bromide in tetrahydrofuran (THF), followed by purification with HPLC. The decay corrected radiochemical yield ranged from 24 to 38% (5.9,9.8 GBq EOS, synthesis time: 25 min; specific radioactivity ,90 GBq ,mol,1). To check the evaporation of [1- 11C]octanoate during the baking process of yolk, [1- 11C]octanoate or potassium [1- 11C]octanoate, respectively, was added. An important fraction of the acid evaporated while for the potassium [1- 11C]octanoate <10% disappeared. Conclusion: potassium (1- 13C)octanoate is a better tracer than (1- 13C) octanoate to study gastroenterological phenomena. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Effects of stimulation frequency and pulse duration on fatigue and metabolic cost during a single bout of neuromuscular electrical stimulation

MUSCLE AND NERVE, Issue 5 2010
Julien Gondin PhD
Abstract We have investigated the effects of stimulation frequency and pulse duration on fatigue and energy metabolism in rat gastrocnemius muscle during a single bout of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Electrical pulses were delivered at 100 Hz (1-ms pulse duration) and 20 Hz (5-ms pulse duration) for the high (HF) and low (LF) frequency protocols, respectively. As a standardization procedure, the averaged stimulation intensity, the averaged total charge, the initial peak torque, the duty cycle, the contraction duration and the torque-time integral were similar in both protocols. Fatigue was assessed using two testing trains delivered at a frequency of 100 Hz and 20 Hz before and after each protocol. Metabolic changes were investigated in vivo using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) and in vitro in freeze-clamped muscles. Both LF and HF NMES protocols induced the same decrease in testing trains and metabolic changes. We conclude that, under carefully controlled and comparable conditions, the use of low stimulation frequency and long pulse duration do not minimize the occurrence of muscle fatigue or affect the corresponding stimulation-induced metabolic changes so that this combination of stimulation parameters would not be adequate in the context of rehabilitation. Muscle Nerve, 2010 [source]

Urodynamic standardization in a large-scale, multicenter clinical trial examining the effects of daily tadalafil in men with lower urinary tract symptoms with or without benign prostatic obstruction,

NEUROUROLOGY AND URODYNAMICS, Issue 5 2010
Stephen R. Kraus
Abstract Aims To present the methodology, standardization techniques, and results from post hoc test,retest reproducibility analyses for a large, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial, employing urodynamic studies (UDS) to assess the impact of daily tadalafil on men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with or without benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). Methods UDS implemented International Continence Society (ICS) Good Urodynamic Practice guidelines and standardized urodynamic and LUTS terminology. Further standardization procedures included: equipment calibration; a detailed procedure manual and centralized training; and implementation of a central reader. Measures included: monitoring of invalid studies, comparison of actual versus expected standard deviation (SD) for primary outcome (detrusor pressure at maximum urinary flow rate [pdetQmax]), and test,retest reproducibility of the placebo arm at baseline and endpoint. Results Two hundred men with moderate to severe LUTS (baseline IPSS ,13) at 20 sites were randomized to receive either tadalafil 20,mg or placebo. All men underwent non-invasive uroflow and pressure-flow studies. Numbers of invalid studies at baseline and endpoint were 9.3% and 0.6%, respectively. Variability of pdetQmax was lower than anticipated based on actual versus expected SD of 15 and 30, respectively. Correlation coefficients were very good for pressure-flow parameters including pdetQmax (r,=,.83). Conclusions Multicenter clinical trials using urodynamic outcomes require additional standardized procedures to limit inter-site variability. By implementing centralized training with a detailed procedure manual and use of a central reader, we were able to limit common difficulties arising in multicenter clinical trials, as well as demonstrate good test,retest reproducibility of pressure flow measures. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:741,747, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]