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Stained Area (stained + area)
Selected AbstractsIntraovarian Localization of Growth Factors in Induced Cystic Ovaries in RatsANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 2 2007H. H. Ortega Summary We hypothesized that the special hormonal environment present in animals with cystic ovarian disease (COD) interferes with cellular production of growth factors (GFs). The objective of the present study was to characterize the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in induced COD using immunohistochemistry. We used an experimental model based on the exposure to constant light of adult rats during 15 weeks. We quantified the expression of GFs in cystic and normal ovaries by the Immunohistochemical Stained Area (IHCSA). In animals with COD, a significant reduction in the IHCSA of IGF-I in the follicular fluid, theca and granulosa layers of cysts occurred; and an increase in the interstitial tissue with regard to the control group. We found moderate immunoreactivity of FGF-2 in granulosa and theca layers of secondary and tertiary follicles and lower expression in the granulosa and theca interna layers of cystic follicles. Immunoexpression of VEGF was found in granulosa and theca cells of secondary and tertiary follicles. This study shows changes in the ovarian expression of IGF-I, FGF-2 and VEGF in induced COD. We can propose that an alteration in the control of the follicular dynamic, through the GFs, added to other features, could be involved in the ovarian cyst pathogenesis. [source] Subgingival debridement of root surfaces with a micro-brush: macroscopic and ultrastructural assessmentJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 9 2001Helen M. Carey Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the use of a micro-brush to remove plaque deposits from subgingival, periodontally involved root surfaces in vivo. Methods: 30 periodontally involved teeth requiring extraction for periodontal or prosthetic reasons in 26 adult patients were utilised. For inclusion, teeth had to display at least 30% bone loss radiographically. Following the establishment of local anaesthesia, grooves were cut on the proximal root surface adjacent to the gingival margin at the line angles. For each tooth, 1 proximal root surface was rubbed with the micro-brush for 2 min to the depth of the pocket whilst the other root surface acted as an undebrided control. The teeth were then extracted, rinsed in 0.85% NaCl, stained with 2% erythrosine solution and photographed. The amount of erythrosine staining on each subgingival, periodontally involved root surface was assessed by tracing the areas of stain on a colour photograph and scanning the tracings into a computerised image tracing program. Results: Results were expressed as the % of the periodontally involved root-surface area that exhibited staining. Stained areas were further examined with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The undebrided root surfaces each displayed 100% staining. The debrided surfaces (with probing pocket depths of 4,10 mm) displayed mean staining of 16.1% (SD ±7.1%) of the proximal surface area. SEM assessment showed that undebrided root surfaces were covered with thick deposits of bacteria. On debrided surfaces, stain-free areas were free of plaque whilst areas of faint staining exhibited either no plaque, calculus deposits or scanty, isolated islands of bacteria. Bacteria had been partially removed from the surface of calculus in some areas. Conclusions: The findings indicate that subgingival debridement with a micro-brush is effective in removing plaque deposits from periodontally involved root surfaces. Zusammenfassung Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Gebrauch eines Mikrobürstchens zur subgingivalen Entfernung von Plaqueablagerungen an parodontal befallenen Wurzeloberflächen in vivo zu bewerten. An 26 erwachsenen Patienten wurden 30 parodontal befallene Zähne verwendet, die aus parodontalen oder prothetischen Gründen extrahiert werden sollten. Um in die Studie eingeschlossen zu werden mussten die Zähne mindestens 30% röntgenologischen Knochenabbau aufweisen. Nach Durchführung der Lokalanästhesie wurden an den Kanten der Approximalfläche neben dem Gingivarand Rillen angebracht. An jedem Zahn wurde eine Approximalfläche für 2 Minuten bis in die Tiefe der Tasche mit dem Mikrobürstchen abgerieben, während die andre Wurzeloberfläche als unbearbeitete Kontrolle fungierte. Die Zähne wurden anschließend extrahiert, mit 0.85% NaCl gespült, mit 2% Erythrosinlösung gefärbt und photographiert. Die Fläche jeder subgingivalen Erythrosinfärbung der parodontal befallenen Wurzeloberfläche wurde bewertet, indem die Flächen mit Färbung auf einer Farbphotographie mit einem computerisierten Bildauswertungsprogramm gescannt wurden. Die Ergebnisse wurden als Prozentsatz der parodontal befallenen Wurzeloberfläche, die eine Färbung aufwies, dargestellt. Des weiteren wurden die gefärbten Bereiche mit einem Rasterelektronenmikroskop (SEM) untersucht. Die unbearbeiteten Wurzeloberflächen zeigten jeweils eine 100%ige Färbung. Die bearbeiteten Wurzeloberflächen (mit klinischer Sondierungstiefe von 4,10 mm) zeigten einen durchschnittlichen Anteil der Färbung von 16.1% (SD±7.1%) der Approximalfläche. Die SEM-Untersuchung zeigte, dass die unbearbeiteten Wurzeloberflächen mit dicken bakteriellen Ablagerungen bedeckt waren. Auf den bearbeiteten Oberflächen waren die Flächen ohne Färbung auch frei von Plaque, während die Flächen mit schwacher Färbung entweder keine Plaque, Zahnsteinablagerung oder vereinzelte, isolierte Inseln mit Bakterien zeigten. In einigen Bereichen wurden die Bakterien teilweise von den Zahnsteinoberflächen entfernt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das subgingivale Debridement mit einem Mikrobürstchen, bei der Entfernung der Plaqueablagerungen auf parodontal befallenen Wurzeloberflächen, effektiv ist. Résumé Le but de cette étude a été d'évaluer in vivo l'utilisation d'une micro-brosse lors d'enlèvement de dépôts de plaque dentaire sous-gingivaux au niveau de surfaces radiculaires avec parodontite. 30 dents avec problèmes parodontaux requérant l'avulsion pour des raisons parodontales ou prothétiques chez 26 adultes ont été utilisées. Les critères d'inclusion étaient que les dents devaient avoir au moins 30% de perte osseuse jugée radiographiquement. A la suite de l'anesthésie, des marques ont été placées sur la surface radiculaire interproximale adjacente à la gencive marginale dans l'angle de la dent. Pour chaque dent, une surface radiculaire proximale a été nettoyée avec cette micro-brosse pendant deux minutes à la profondeur de la poche tandis que l'autre surface radiculaire servait de contrôle non-nettoyé. Ces dents ont ensuite été avulsées, rincées avec du NaCl 0.85%, colorées avec une solution d'érythrosine 2% et photographiées. La quantité de coloration sur chaque surface radiculaire sous-gingivale avec parodontite a été analysée en traçant les zones de coloration sur une photographie couleur et en effectuant un balayage des tracés par ordinateur. Les résultats ont été exprimés en pourcentage de surface radiculaire avec parodontite ayant une coloration. Les zones colorées ont ensuite été examinées à l'aide du MEB. Les surfaces radiculaires non-traitées avaient 100% de coloration. Les surfaces nettoyées qui avaint une profondeur de poche de 4 à 10 mm avaient une coloration moyenne de 16±7% de l'aire de surface interproximale. L'analyse au MEB a montré que les surfaces radiculaires non-nettoyées étaient recouvertes de dépôts épais de bactéries. Sur les surfaces nettoyées des zones libres de coloration se retrouvaient sans plaque dentaire tandis que les zones avec une faible coloration montraient de la plaque dentaire, des dépôts de tartre ou des petits îlots de bactéries. Celles-ci avaient été enlevées partiellement de la surface du tartre à certains endroits. Un nettoyage sous-gingival avec cette micro-brosse s'avère donc efficace à enlever les dépôts de plaque dentaire des surfaces radiculaires avec parodontite. [source] Localization of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 in chondrocytes of bovine articular cartilageJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 2 2003Teresa I. Morales Purpose: Previous work indicated that transforming growth factor (TGF-,) treatment of bovine articular cartilage resulted in an accumulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGF-BP-2). The purpose of the work presented in this paper was to define the localization of the IGF-BP-2 in freshly excised articular cartilage and in slices cultured in the presence and absence of TGF-,. Method: Newborn calf articular cartilage was dissected and immediately fixed or maintained in organ culture for five days under basal conditions (media without added serum or growth factors) or with basal media containing 15 ng/ml of TGF-,1. Frozen or paraffin embedded sections were prepared, and immunohistochemistry using anti-IGF-BP-2 performed. Results: The paraffin sections provided the best preservation of morphology and consistency of immunohistochemical staining patterns. In fresh cartilage slices, IGF-BP-2 was associated with most of the chondrocytes. The basal cultured cartilage showed positive immunostaining in some areas, but not others: the most consistently stained area was the upper radial zone. In all cases where a positive reaction was observed, it was associated mostly with chondrocytes. On the other hand, all the TGF-, treated samples that were examined in this study were evenly stained, and most chondrocytes were positive in all areas from superficial to deep zones, thus closely resembling the pattern of fresh tissue. Conclusions: It is concluded that IGF-BP-2 is closely cell associated in bovine articular cartilage. Following culture of cartilage slices, TGF-, increases the number of cells with positive immunostaining. These data help to support the postulate that TGF-, exerts at least some of its actions in articular cartilage via cross-talk mechanisms involving the IGF-BP-2 system. © 2002 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. [source] The effect of mosapride citrate on proximal and distal colonic motor function in the guinea-pig in vitroNEUROGASTROENTEROLOGY & MOTILITY, Issue 2 2008H. S. Kim Abstract, Mosapride citrate (mosapride), a substituted benzamide, is a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist, and is known to have prokinetic properties on the stomach. However, it is unclear whether mosapride also has a prokinetic effect on the colon. We previously found that mosapride significantly shortened colonic transit time in the guinea-pig, an animal with a distribution of colonic 5-HT4 receptors similar to that of a human. So, we aimed to separately evaluate the effect of mosapride on proximal and distal colonic motor function in the guinea-pig. Proximal (approximately 8 cm from the ileocolic junction) and distal colon (approximately 8 cm from the anus) were removed. Both ends of the colon were connected to a chamber containing a Krebs-Henseleit solution. To measure colonic transit time, artificial faeces were inserted into the oral side of the lumen and moved towards the anal side by intraluminal perfusion via a peristaltic pump. A total of 6 cm of transit was observed and time was measured in 2 cm increments. A tissue bath study, using electrical stimulation, was performed to estimate the contractile activity of the circular musculature of the colon. Immunohistochemical staining for 5-HT4 receptors was performed in the myenteric plexus and circular muscle in both proximal and distal colon, and the stained area was measured using a microscope and computer software. Mosapride enhanced contraction at 10,9 to 10,7 mol L,1, coinciding with rapid transit both in proximal and distal colon. This pattern was more prominent in proximal colon. At the high dose (10,6 mol L,1) mosapride had little or no effect on colonic contraction. This stimulatory effect was attenuated by GR113808, atropine and tetrodotoxin. In the myenteric plexus, the density of 5-HT4 receptors was significantly greater in the proximal colon than in the distal colon, but in circular muscle the density was greater in the distal colon. Thus, mosapride accelerates transit through increased contraction in the proximal colon more than distal colon. The different distribution of neuronal and muscular 5-HT4 receptors may support these findings. Therefore, mosapride may be a useful alternative to tegaserod and cisapride for constipation. [source] Improved wound healing by low-level laser irradiation after gingivectomy operations: a controlled clinical pilot studyJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Onur Ozcelik Abstract Aim: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may induce morphological, molecular and cellular processes, which are involved in wound healing. The aim of this split-mouth controlled clinical trial was to assess the effects of LLLT on healing of gingiva after gingivectomy and gingivoplasty. Material and Methods: Twenty patients with inflammatory gingival hyperplasias on their symmetrical teeth were included in this study. After gingivectomy and gingivoplasty, a diode laser (588 nm) was randomly applied to one side of the operation area for 7 days. The surgical areas were disclosed by a solution (Mira-2-tones) to visualize the areas in which the epithelium is absent. Comparison of the surface areas on the LLLT-applied sites and controls were made with an image-analysing software. Results: Despite the prolonged time needed for application, patients have tolerated LLLT well. While there were no statistically significant differences between the stained surface areas of the LLLT applied and the control sites immediately after the surgery, LLLT-applied sites had significantly lower stained areas compared with the controls on the post-operative third, seventh and 15th day (p<0.001 for each). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the results indicated that LLLT may enhance epithelization and improve wound healing after gingivectomy and gingivoplasty operations. [source] | |||||||||||||