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Struggle
Kinds of Struggle Selected AbstractsCULTIVATING JUST PLANNING AND LEGAL INSTITUTIONS: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE SOUTH CENTRAL FARM STRUGGLE IN LOS ANGELESJOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 1 2009CLARA IRAZÁBAL ABSTRACT:,The South Central Farm (SCF) in Los Angeles was a 14-acre urban farm in one of the highest concentrations of impoverished residents in the county. It was destroyed in July 2006. This article analyzes its epic as a landscape of resistance to discriminatory legal and planning practices. It then presents its creation and maintenance as an issue of environmental justice, and argues that there was a substantive rationale on the basis of environmental justice and planning ethics that should have provided sufficient grounds for the city to prevent its dismantling. Based on qualitative case study methodology, the study contributes to the formulation of creation and preservation rationales for community gardens and other "commons" threatened by eventual dismantlement in capitalist societies. [source] ,GLOCAL' MOVEMENTS: PLACE STRUGGLES AND TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZING BY INFORMAL WORKERSGEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 2 2009Ilda Lindell ABSTRACT. This paper investigates the scalar practices of collectively organized informal workers and the political implications of such practices. It illustrates how the studied group organizes across scales , hence, a ,glocal movement', and stresses the importance of an analysis that integrates these multiple scales of collective organizing, as they may have a bearing on each other. In so doing, it contests a common tendency to analytically privilege one or other scale of resistance and agency. In particular, I argue that networking across scales may be of significance for local struggles and thus play a role in local politics. The transnational activities of the studied group assist it in challenging local power relations and dominant place projects that repress informal livelihood activities. This paper comprises a conceptual discussion of notions of scale, of conceptions of the spatialities and scales of resistance as well as of place, followed by an empirical illustration that refers to an association of informal vendors in Maputo, Mozambique, and its international connections. The analysis is based on interviews with vendors, leaders of the association and with the international partners of the association. [source] LOOKING DIFFERENT, ACTING DIFFERENT: STRUGGLES FOR EQUALITY WITHIN THE SOUTH AFRICAN POLICE SERVICEPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, Issue 3 2008MONIQUE MARKS This descriptive paper tells the story of the daily difficulties that members of the Public Order Police (POP) unit in South Africa experienced in their attempts to create a more diverse (in terms of race and gender) and representative police organization. This story is told through recordings of observations and conversations that span a 4-year ethnographic journal. The paper demonstrates that despite affirmative action and equity legislation and programmes, Durban POP by the year 2001, six years after the transformation process within the unit began, was still plagued by deep racial and gender divisions. These divisions were reinforced by the structural make-up of the unit and the inability of middle management to challenge entrenched practices, as well as deep-seated assumptions, schemas and values associated with race, ethnicity and gender. By means of a ethnographic journal I was able to discover some of the daily dilemmas of the police in their change efforts and also the difficulties of getting police practice to meet new policy agendas. [source] Struggle: A History of "Mere" IdeasCURRICULUM INQUIRY, Issue 2 2010REBA N. PAGE An essay review of The Struggle for the American Curriculum, 1893,1958 (3rd edition). (Kliebard, Herbert M. New York: Routledge, 2004. [Original publication, 1986; 2nd edition, 1995]) [source] The State of Resistance: Popular Struggles in the Global South edited by Francois Polet Globalizing Resistance: The State of Struggle edited by Francois PoletDEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE, Issue 4 2008Helen Hintjens No abstract is available for this article. [source] Homosexuality and the Church's Witness in the ELCA's Current StruggleDIALOG, Issue 2 2005By Marc Kolden Abstract:, The basis for holding the traditional Christian position against same-sex sexual intimacy is sufficiently well-supported by arguments from scripture and Christian traditions of moral reasoning to vote to continue the present ELCA policies and practices regarding sexual conduct. Also, arguments for revising the traditional view are flawed morally and theologically. Despite the momentum of secular culture in North America and Europe, the ELCA should resist any changes in its policies and any relaxation in its disciplining of those who disregard its present practices. This will be difficult, because many proponents for change have raised their position to the level of a de facto article of faith, that is, something that they consider to be necessary (particularly as it concerns ordination), and thus they will do everything possible to secure acceptance of their position. [source] Pain, Normality, and the Struggle for Congruence: Reinterpreting Residential Care for Children and YouthFAMILY RELATIONS, Issue 4 2004Anne M. Prouty Lyness No abstract is available for this article. [source] Corporate Strategy and Gendered Professional Identities: Reorganization and the Struggle for Recognition and PositionsGENDER, WORK & ORGANISATION, Issue 3 2001Bente Rasmussen Will decentralization of responsibilities in services give women service workers at the lower levels of the organization better and more ,professional' jobs and a recognition of their importance in the organization? This article looks at the valuation of so-called women's skills in services in reorganization processes involving dehierarchization and decentralization of responsibilities. Through four cases of reorganized private and public services in Norway it is shown that more focus on customers and decentralization of responsibilities for the services may lead to recognition of gendered skills and an improved position for women service workers at the lowest levels of the organization. When the tasks of the workers are closely linked to the core function of the organization and not dominated by the organization's ,dirty work', the women at the lowest levels may obtain a more ,professional' work role and their work be recognized as important for the organization. [source] The New Social Contract and the Struggle for Sovereignty in the NetherlandsGOVERNMENT AND OPPOSITION, Issue 4 2007Marinus R. R. Ossewaarde One of the recurring topics in the history of sovereign nation-states is the way in which national identity, and social and cultural differences are dealt with politically. In the Netherlands, that has always had a strong tradition of social citizenship, the government has recently responded to plural nationhood and its problems by turning to new concepts of citizenship. In this article, it is argued that notions of citizenship are, in the end, used to reinforce Dutch sovereignty by creating and maintaining national cohesion. The underlying assumption in public policy is that a strong sense of national citizenship that replaces the old model of social citizenship is the only way to reconcile differences and safeguard peace in contemporary post-industrial society. Three Dutch policy sectors , integration, welfare and child protection , are examined to see how these concepts have taken shape in public policy. [source] The Plight of the "Able Student": Ruth Wright Hayre and the Struggle for Equality in Philadelphia's Black High Schools, 1955,1965HISTORY OF EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2010Matthew Delmont First page of article [source] A Struggle for Control and a Moral Scandal: President Edmund J. James and the Powers of the President at the University of Illinois, 1911,14HISTORY OF EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 1 2009Winton U. Solberg First page of article [source] Beyond the Mantra of Empowerment: Time to Return to Poverty, Violence and StruggleIDS BULLETIN, Issue 6 2008Uma Chakravarti [source] Another Nakba: Weapons Availability and the Transformation of the Palestinian National Struggle, 1987,2007INTERNATIONAL STUDIES PERSPECTIVES, Issue 2 2010Francesco Strazzari Violent clashes of June 2007 saw Hamas ousting Fatah from the Gaza Strip, thereby making patent the existence of a deep politico-military split within the Palestinian national movement. This article sheds light on the present face of the conflict in the Palestinian territories by adopting a historical-analytical perspective that emphasizes the role played by the availability of small arms and light weapons, as one of the many structural factors that underlie the transformation of the Palestinian struggle. Aware of the essentially contestable and reductionist nature of this endeavor, the authors examine the way in which the weapons acquisition process has changed in the time period from the beginning of the first Intifada in 1987 to the Gaza take-over by Hamas, 20 years later. In doing this, they extend the applicability of existing theories about the correspondence between access to weapons and the changing nature of insurgency, so to better understand a complex case where a national struggle has been spiralling into internecine violence and splintering, in what we may call "another Palestinian Nakba." [source] Adolescents' Pain Experiences Following Acute Blunt Traumatic Injury: Struggle for Internal ControlJOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING, Issue 4 2007Margie Crandall ISSUES AND PURPOSE.,Although blunt trauma injury is a common cause for adolescent pain, little is known about the experience of pain as perceived by adolescents. DESIGN AND METHOD.,Semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 adolescents following blunt trauma injury. Two age-appropriate valid measures (i.e., Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool and Temporal Dot Matrix) were incorporated into the interviews to elaborate their pain experiences. Grounded theory method was used to analyze data and build substantive theory. RESULTS.,Adolescents' behavioral and cognitive actions (i.e., "internal control") to manage and endure pain were influenced by their pain perceptions, physical losses, and clinicians' actions. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.,Nurses, family members, and peers have a crucial role in alleviating adolescents' distress and pain. [source] The MST and the EZLN Struggle for Land: New Forms of Peasant RebellionsJOURNAL OF AGRARIAN CHANGE, Issue 3 2009LEANDRO VERGARA-CAMUS In this article, the author reviews some of the conclusions of the literature on peasant rebellions in the light of current land struggles of the Landless Rural Workers' Movement (MST) in Brazil and the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) in Chiapas, Mexico. The author argues that conventional explanations of peasant rebellions are inappropriate for the analysis of current land struggles in Latin America in the midst of the process of neoliberal globalization. Neither struggle can be characterized as ,quasi-feudal', nor as conservative reactions, but instead should be interpreted as attempts to create a basis for self-subsistence and autonomy. Consequently, the author proposes Marx's concept of alienated labour as an alternative explanatory concept, because it highlights one of the main objectives of the members of the MST and the EZLN, which is the control over their livelihood through a struggle for their re-peasantization. [source] Authenticity, Colonialism, and the Struggle with ModernityJOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION, Issue 4 2002John B. Hertz Puerto Rico's architectural legacy and struggle with modernity is found in the confrontation between the colonial period and the recent past. This conflict is revealed in the plan to replace the modernist icon, the Hotel La Concha in San Juan, with a revivalist "Hispanic" complex. In spite of the latter supposedly being more "Puerto Rican," it is the modern building from the recent past, rather than the new revival model, that is truly authentic. The proposed development copies an invented style imposed by the United States on the island after its conquest one hundred years ago. However, rather than acknowledging the presence of architecture built by the Spanish in Puerto Rico, the project revives the architecture of American colonization. [source] Law, Struggle, and Political Transformation in Northern IrelandJOURNAL OF LAW AND SOCIETY, Issue 4 2000Kieran McEvoy This article analyses the role of law as an element of the Republican Movement's violent and political struggle during the Northern Ireland conflict. The trials and legal hearings of paramilitary defendants, the use of judicial reviews in the prisons, and the use of law in the political arena are chosen as three interconnected sites which highlight the complex interaction between law and other forms of struggle. The author argues that these three sites illustrate a number of themes in understanding the role of law in processes of struggle and political transformation. These include: law as a series of dialogical processes both inside and outside a political movement; law as an instrumental process of struggle designed to materially and symbolically ,resist'; and the constitutive effects of legal struggle upon a social and political movement. The article concludes with a discussion as to whether or not Republicans' emphasis upon ,rights and equality' and an end to armed struggle represents a ,sell out' of traditional Republican objectives. [source] From Pariah State to Global Protagonist: Argentina and the Struggle for International Human RightsLATIN AMERICAN POLITICS AND SOCIETY, Issue 1 2008Kathryn Sikkink ABSTRACT Democratizing states began in the 1980s to hold individuals, including past heads of state, accountable for human rights violations. The 1984 Argentine truth commission report (Nunca Más) and the 1985 trials of the juntas helped to initiate this trend. Argentina also developed other justice-seeking mechanisms, including the first groups of mothers and grandmothers of the disappeared, the first human rights forensic anthropology team, and the first truth trials. Argentines helped to define the very term forced disappearance and to develop regional and international instruments to end the practice. Argentina thus illustrates the potential for global human rights protagonism and diffusion of ideas from a country outside the wealthy North. This article surveys Argentina's innovations and proposes possible explanations, drawing on theoretical studies from transitional justice, social movements, and norms cascades in international relations. [source] Book Reviews: Rights in Rebellion: Indigenous Struggle and Human Rights in Chiapas by Shannon SpeedAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 3 2010Mark Goodale No abstract is available for this article. [source] Matters of Choice: Puerto Rican Women's Struggle for Reproductive Freedom by Iris LopezAMERICAN ETHNOLOGIST, Issue 1 2010MAUREEN O'DOUGHERTY No abstract is available for this article. [source] Democracy, Development and India's Struggle Against CorruptionPUBLIC POLICY RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006Rob Jenkins First page of article [source] Teaching & Learning Guide for: Can a Darwinian Be a Christian?RELIGION COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2008Gregory W. Dawes Author's Introduction The article was provoked by recent discussion of the so-called ,conflict thesis': the idea that the Christian faith and the findings of modern science are necessarily at odds. This thesis is generally attributed to John William Draper (1811,1882) and Andrew Dickson White (1832,1918). Recent opposition to their work dates from a 1979 publication by James Moore. Moore argues that the warfare metaphor employed by Draper and White misrepresents the historical reality, by suggesting that the religion and science debates were clashes between distinct groups of people who were sharply polarized and violently antagonistic. Since then, similar criticisms have been made by historians, such as David Livingstone, Ronald Numbers, and David Lindberg. A key question here is: what does the conflict thesis entail? If it holds that Christian thinkers have invariably opposed scientific progress, while the defenders of science have been non-believers, it would be demonstrably false. But there exist more interesting forms of conflict thesis, which are philosophical rather than historical. These suggest that there is some tension between what Christians have traditionally believed and the findings of modern science, particularly Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Even if the two are not, strictly speaking, incompatible, the truth of one may constitute evidence against the truth of the other. Darwin's theory also undercuts traditional arguments from design, and highlights the epistemological divide between religious and scientific conceptions of authority. Online Materials The following sites contain audio and video files, as well as text and images. 1. http://www.meta-library.net/history/intro-frame.html This is a useful overview of the historical debate by Ronald Numbers, with links to other sites. Most presenters follow Moore in opposing the conflict thesis, narrowly defined, but neglect the conflicts that my article highlights. 2. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/id/program.html Here one can view an excellent, 2-h PBS television documentary on the Dover, Pennsylvania trial in December 2005 regarding the teaching of ,intelligent design' (ID) in public schools. 3. http://www.butler.edu/clergyproject/rel_evol_sun.htm This is a letter signed by more than 11,000 clergy, arguing that there is no conflict between religion and science, and encouraging (among other things) the liturgical celebration of evolution by natural selection. 4. http://www.discovery.org/csc/ At the other end of the theological spectrum, this is the website of the Discovery Institute, devoted to opposing Darwinism and promoting ,intelligent design' (ID). Controversially, it presents ID as a scientific theory, rather than a religious doctrine. 5. http://www.asa3.org/ Somewhere between the Clergy Letter Project and the Discovery Institute lies the American Scientific Affiliation (ASA). The ASA ,does not take a position when there is honest disagreement between Christians', so it embraces a variety of perspectives. Sample Syllabus The following could form the basis for a graduate seminar on religion and science, focusing on the Darwinian controversies. One could, for instance, devote two classes to each of these topics. 1. The Draper-White Thesis I recommend reading extracts from the two writers thought to be responsible for the conflict thesis, to establish what each actually said. John William Draper, The History of the Conflict between Religion and Science, International Scientific Series 13 (London: Henry S. King & Co., 1875), chap. 8. Andrew Dickson White, A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom (1896; New York, NY: Dover Publications, 1960), vol. 1, chap. 1. 2. Criticism of the Draper-White Thesis Either of the following readings from historians critical of Draper and White's work would be a useful starting point for discussion. James R. Moore, The Post-Darwinian Controversies: A Study of the Protestant Struggle to Come to Terms with Darwin in Great Britain and America, 1870,1900 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), chap. 1. David N. Livingstone, ,Re-placing Darwinism and Christianity', in David C. Lindberg and Ronald L. Numbers (eds.), When Science and Christianity Meet, pp. 183,202 (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2003). 3. The Incompatibility Thesis Many authors attempt to show that Darwinism and Christianity and compatible. But it would be useful to examine Pope John Paul II's statement on this topic, along with some responses by biologists and philosophers. John Paul II, ,The Pope's Message on Evolution and Four Commentaries', The Quarterly Review of Biology, 72:4 (1997): 375,406. 4. The Evidential Thesis Students might enjoy reading and discussing the following article by a leading evolutionary biologist. George C. Williams, ,Mother Nature Is a Wicked Old Witch', in Matthew H. Nitecki and Doris V. Nitecki (eds.), Evolutionary Ethics, 217,31 (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1993). 5. The Replacement Thesis This is an important but often neglected book. Students would benefit from reading at least the first chapter. Neal C. Gillespie, Charles Darwin and the Problem of Creation (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1979), chap. 1. 6. The Faith and Reason Thesis The following article by a well-known historian and philosopher of science touches on some of the key issues. Ernan McMullin, ,Evolution and Special Creation', Zygon 28:3 (1993): 299,335. Focus Questions 1There exist many Christian thinkers who accept Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Does that mean there is no conflict between Darwinism and Christianity? 2Taken at face value, Genesis 1,3 tells the story of the origins of the world and of human beings. What aspects of that story would you consider essential to the Christian faith? 3If we have an entirely natural explanation of the origins of complex living organisms, do we still have reasons to believe in a creator God? 4If God could have created complex living beings by a simple command, why would he choose a lengthy and wasteful process such as natural selection? 5Could a Christian regard the existence of God in the same way as a scientific hypothesis, that is to say, to be accepted only in so far as it is supported by the evidence? Seminar Activity I would suggest a debate, in which students sympathetic to the creationist position are asked to defend Darwin's theory, while students sympathetic to evolution are asked to argue against it. [source] Marcion and Luke,Acts: A Defining Struggle , By Joseph B. TysonRELIGIOUS STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 3 2007Matthew L. Skinner No abstract is available for this article. [source] Earth Spirituality and the People's Struggle for LifeTHE ECUMENICAL REVIEW, Issue 3 2002Reflection from the Perspectives of Indigenous Peoples First page of article [source] Crusader Warfare: Byzantium, Western Europe and the Struggle for the Holy Land 1050,1300 AD , By David NicolleTHE HISTORIAN, Issue 3 2009Joshua Birk No abstract is available for this article. [source] The NAACP, Black Power, and the African American Freedom Struggle, 1966,1969THE HISTORIAN, Issue 1 2007Simon Hall First page of article [source] Father Abraham: Lincoln's Relentless Struggle to End Slavery by Richard StrinerTHE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CULTURE, Issue 4 2007Ray B. Browne No abstract is available for this article. [source] The Iranian Women's Movement: A Century Long StruggleTHE MUSLIM WORLD, Issue 4 2004Ali Akbar Mahdi First page of article [source] Accommodation and Resistance: Latinas Struggle for Their Children's EducationANTHROPOLOGY & EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2003Professor Irma M. Olmedo Accommodation and resistance are not dichotomous phenomena but, rather, interwoven strategies for immigrants trying to survive in a cultural environment different from their own. Both strategies are responses to conflict, especially in the education of children. This article examines these conflicts among two generations of Latinas, and the ways in which they capitalized on their funds of knowledge to resolve conflicts. The issues involve not only differences in cultural practices and beliefs but also how these are shaped by participants' social positions and the institutional forces that threaten their beliefs. [source] Mapuche Resistance to Transnational Corporations: Reformulating Strategies of StruggleANTHROPOLOGY OF WORK REVIEW, Issue 2 2000Rosamel Millaman Reinao First page of article [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||