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Squares
Kinds of Squares Terms modified by Squares Selected AbstractsGenerating heat from conducting polypyrrole-coated PET fabricsADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY, Issue 3 2005Akif Kaynak Abstract Heating effects in polypyrrole-coated polyethyleneterephthalate (PET)-Lycra® fabrics were studied. Chemical synthesis was employed to coat the PET fabrics by polypyrrole using ferric chloride as oxidant and antraquinone- 2-sulfonic acid (AQSA) and naphthalene sulfonic acid (NSA) as dopants. The coated fabrics exhibited reasonable electrical stability, possessed high electrical conductivity, and were effective in heat generation. Surface resistance of polypyrrole-coated fabrics ranged from approximately 150 to 500 ,/square. Different connections between conductive fabrics and the power source were examined. When subjected to a constant voltage of 24 V, the current transmitted through the fabric decreased about 10% in 72 h. An increase in resistance of conductive fabrics subjected to constant voltage was observed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 24: 194,207, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20040 [source] Optimization of the ohmic contact processing in InAlN//GaN high electron mobility transistors for lower temperature of annealingPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 1 2010Karol Abstract In this article, we optimized the ohmic contact processing in InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistors for the lower temperature of annealing by recessing of metalliza-tion to approach the 2DEG at the InAlN/GaN interface. The ohmic contacts which were recessed down to 5 nm depth and annealed at 700 °C 2 min. exhibited the contact resistance of 0,39 ,mm while the channel sheet resistance was 210 ,/square. These values are comparative to values of contacts processed at more conventional an-nealing conditions (800 °C, 2 min). Moreover we applied the recessed ohmic contact technology to fabricate Schottky barrier (SB) HEMTs and MOSHEMTs with Al2O3 dielectric film. For MOSHEMTs, we measured the maximal reduction of the gate leakage current by about 6 orders of magnitude if compared with SB HEMTs. The maximal drain current of MOSHEMTs was about 750 mA/mm at VGS = 0 V and the maximal extrinsic transconductance (gme) reached 101 mS/mm. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Implantation damage recovery and carrier activation studies of Si-implanted Al0.18Ga0.82N by temperature dependent Hall-effect measurementsPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (C) - CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 7 2007Mee-Yi Ryu Abstract N-type activation studies of Si-implanted Al0.18Ga0.82N have been made as a function of anneal temperature and ion dose to obtain maximum possible activation efficiency. Nearly 100 and 95% electrical activation efficiencies were obtained for Si-implanted Al0.18Ga0.82N with doses of 5x1014 and 1x1015 cm,2 and annealing at 1250 and 1200 oC for 25 min, respectively. The room temperature sheet resistivity decreases from 528 to 196 ,/square with increasing anneal temperature from 1150 to 1250 oC for a dose of 5x1014 cm,2. Both sheet carrier concentration (activation efficiency) and mobility increase with anneal temperature, indicating an improved implantation damage recovery with anneal temperature. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] THEOLOGY IN THE PUBLIC SQUARE: CHURCH, ACADEMY AND NATION, edited by Gavin D'CostaNEW BLACKFRIARS, Issue 1012 2006DANIEL D. INMAN No abstract is available for this article. [source] Global classification of human facial healthy skin using PLS discriminant analysis and clustering analysisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 2 2001C Guinot Synopsis Today's classifications of healthy skin are predominantly based on a very limited number of skin characteristics, such as skin oiliness or susceptibility to sun exposure. The aim of the present analysis was to set up a global classification of healthy facial skin, using mathematical models. This classification is based on clinical, biophysical skin characteristics and self-reported information related to the skin, as well as the results of a theoretical skin classification assessed separately for the frontal and the malar zones of the face. In order to maximize the predictive power of the models with a minimum of variables, the Partial Least Square (PLS) discriminant analysis method was used. The resulting PLS components were subjected to clustering analyses to identify the plausible number of clusters and to group the individuals according to their proximities. Using this approach, four PLS components could be constructed and six clusters were found relevant. So, from the 36 hypothetical combinations of the theoretical skin types classification, we tended to a strengthened six classes proposal. Our data suggest that the association of the PLS discriminant analysis and the clustering methods leads to a valid and simple way to classify healthy human skin and represents a potentially useful tool for cosmetic and dermatological research. Résumé Les classifications actuelles qui définissent une peau saine sont fondées principalement sur un nombre très limité de caractéristiques cutanées telles que l'aspect gras de la peau ou sa sensibilité au soleil. Cette analyse a pour but d'établir une classification globale de la peau humaine saine du visage à l'aide de modèles mathématiques. Une recherche de typologie a été effectuée à partir des caractéristiques cliniques et biophysiques de la peau du visage des individus tout en tenant compte d'une classification théorique, reflet de l'expertise des dermatologues, appréciée sur les zones frontale et malaire du visage. Pour accroître l'efficacité prédictive des modèles avec un minimum de variables, la méthode d'analyse discriminante PLS (Partial Least Square) a été utilisée. Des méthodes de classification ont été appliquées aux composantes PLS obtenues afin de déterminer le nombre le plus vraisemblable de classes et pour regrouper les sujets selon leurs proximités. Grâce à cette approche, quatre composantes PLS ont pu être construites et six classes se sont avérées pertinentes. Ce travail a abouti à une proposition de classification à six classes plus vraisemblable et acceptable que les 36 combinaisons possibles de la classification théorique proposée. Nos données suggèrent que l'association de l'analyse discriminante PLS aux méthodes de classification permet d'obtenir de façon simple et appropriée une classification de la peau humaine saine et représente un outil potentiel utile dans le domaine de la recherche en cosmétologie et en dermatologie. [source] "We Live in a Country of UNHCR",Refugee Protests and Global Political SocietyINTERNATIONAL POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Carolina Moulin Between September and December 2005 over 3,000 Sudanese refugees held a sit-in demonstration at the Mustapha Mahmoud Square in Cairo, Egypt, which is located directly across from the offices of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). We analyze the events of the refugee sit-in as an act of global political society, one that saw people outside the realm of the political making demands for recognition and a say in the solutions being developed to relieve their plight. We argue that the sit-in at Cairo was fundamentally a disagreement between the refugees and the UNHCR over the politics of protection, care, and mobility. The article analyzes the strategies through which the refugees named their "population of care" in ways that countered the UNHCR's governmental strategies to classify the Sudanese refugee population in Cairo. We propose the concept of "global political society" as a way of thinking about global political life from the perspective of those who are usually denied the status of political beings. Global political society is a highly ambiguous site where power relations are enacted, taken and retaken by various actors, but in ways that do not foreclose opportunities for refugees to actively reformulate the governmentalities of care and protection. [source] A Bayesian analysis of response to selection for uterine capacity in rabbitsJOURNAL OF ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS, Issue 2 2001Blasco A divergent, eight generation selection experiment on uterine capacity in rabbits was performed. Rabbit does were ovariectomized unilaterally before puberty, and selected for increased and decreased litter size by ,best linear unbiased prediction' using data from up to four parities. Two different analyses were performed to estimate the response to selection. The first was based on least squares analysis; the second was based on Bayesian methods using Gibbs sampling techniques. Three different priors were used for variance components, but these had little influence on the results. Posterior means of heritabilities for uterine capacity, varied from 0.09 to 0.12, and repeatabilities from 0.18 to 0.22. The response to eight generations of selection was symmetrical and led to a divergence of 0.16 young rabbits per generation, which amounts to about 2% of the average litter size of the base population per generation. The pattern of response however, was not linear: a high initial response was followed by a period where little further response was observed, and a final burst of response was obtained during the last two cycles of selection. Análisis Bayesiona de la Respuesta a la selección por capacidad uterina en conejos Se llevó a cabo un experimento de selección divergente por capacidad uterina en conejos. Las conejas fueron ovariectomizadas unilateralmente antes de la pubertad, y fueron seguidamente seleccionadas para aumentar y disminuir el tamaño de camada mediante un BLUP que incluía datos de hasta el cuarto parto. Se realizaron dos tipos de análisis para estimar la respuesta, el primero basado en mínimos cuadrados y el segundo en técnicas bayesianas con la ayuda de muestreo de Gibbs. Aunque tres a prioris diferentes fueron usados para las componentes de varianza, esto apenas influyó en los resultados, pues las medias posteriores para las heredabilidades variarton de 0.09 a 0.12 y las medias de las repetibilidades variaron de 0.18 a 0.22. La respuesta a ocho generaciones de selección fue simétrica y condujo a una diverjencia de 0.16 conejos por generación, lo que representa un 2% de la media de la población base por generación. La respuesta no fue, sin embargo, lineal: una fuerte respuesta inicial fue seguida de un periodo de estancamiento y una nueva respuesta en los dos últimos ciclos de selección. Eine Bayes Analyse zu Auswirkungen der Selektion auf uterine Kapazität beim Kaninchen Ein Selektionsexperiment mit divergierender Selektion wurde über acht Generationen durchgeführt. Die Zibben wurden vor der Geschlechtreife einseitig ovarektomiert und auf höhere und niedrigere Wurfgröße über Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) selektiert. Daten von bis zu vier Trächtigkeiten wurden verwendet. Zwei verschiedene Analysen wurden verwendet um den Selektionserfolg zu bestimmen. Die erste basierte auf der Least Square Analyse, die zweite auf der Bayes Methode des Gibbs Sampling. Drei verschiedene Priors wurden in der Varianzkomponentenschätzung verwendet, aber sie hatten wenig Einfluss auf die Endergebnisse. Die a posteriori Ergebnisse für die Heritabilitäten der uterinen Kapazität variierten von 0,09 bis 0,12, die Wiederholbarkeiten von 0, 18 bis 0,22. Die Selektionserfolg über acht Generationen war symmetrisch und führte zu einem Unterschied von 0,16 Jungtieren pro Generation, was ca. 2% der durchschnittlichen Wurfgröße, bezogen auf die Basispopulation je Generation, entspricht. Das Bild des Zuchtfortschritts war nicht linear: nach einem hohen Anfangserfolg wurde eine Periode geringen Erfolges beobachtet und ein Ende des Zuchtfortschrittes wurde in den letzten zwei Generationen erreicht. [source] The Architecture of Repeated RitualsJOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION, Issue 4 2008Tel Aviv's Rabin Square This paper examines the relationship between architecture and civil participation by specifically looking at the formal attributes of Rabin Square in Tel Aviv, its development as a public urban space, its nationally symbolic meaning, and its civic role. A major conclusion of this study is that public assembly and the physical space in which it occurs are indivisible, revealing architecture's unique contribution to the shaping of citizenship. [source] Therapeutic plasma exchange as a nephrological procedure: A single-center experience ,,JOURNAL OF CLINICAL APHERESIS, Issue 4 2005Fred E. Yeo Abstract In the United States, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is both performed and requested by a wide range of services, often on an empiric basis (before a diagnosis is established). Whether empiric therapy is beneficial has not been established. Patients were identified from an electronic procedure log that included those patients who received plasmapheresis at Walter Reed Army Medical Center from 1996 to 2003. The clinical indications, referring service, and outcomes (including deaths) that occurred were tabulated. Between March 1997 and August 2003, 568 TPE treatments were performed in 54 patients. The majority of the diagnoses were either neurologic (48%) or hematologic (37%). Thirty-three patients (61%) received TPE for a Category I indication. Twelve cases were performed empirically (without an established diagnosis) at the request of the referring service, most (7) performed for presumed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Almost 80% of patients required central venous catheters for treatment. Twelve patients (22%) experienced a major complication including death, and six patients (11%) died. Of the patients who died, 5 (83%) were treated empirically versus one death (17%) among patients not treated empirically, P < 0.001 by Chi Square. Only one of the seven patients treated empirically for TTP died, however. In logistic regression analysis, empiric treatment was the only factor independently associated with death, adjusted odds ratio, 34.2, 95% CI, 3.4, 334.8, P = 0.003. The most common indication for TPE was neurological disease, which also accounted for the highest proportion of complications. With the exception of presumed TTP, performing TPE in the absence of a confirmed diagnosis was not beneficial. J. Clin. Apheresis Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Preliminary rapport on head posture and muscle activity in subjects with class I and IIJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 11 2005I. C. GADOTTI summary, Forward head posture may cause alterations in the stomatognathic system, including changes in the muscle activity of the masticatory muscles and dental occlusion alterations. Considering the need for further understanding of the relationship between the stomatognathic system and the cervical region, the purpose of this study was to analyse the head posture and the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the anterior portion of temporal and masseter muscles bilaterally among bruxist's subjects with different dental occlusion classifications using the Angle method. The study consisted of 20 female volunteers, between the ages of 17 and 27 years. They were separated into two groups (class I and class II occlusions) according to a dentist-performed evaluation. An assessment of forward head posture was conducted using a photographic technique (angular calculus) combined with a clinical analysis. In the EMG analyses, active differential surface electrodes (Ag) were utilized and were placed bilaterally on the belly of masseter and temporal muscles, perpendicular to the muscles fibres. The EMG signal recorded during bilateral isotonic mastication, was presented using the Root Mean Square and was processed by Matlab software. The results indicated that the EMG responses of temporal and masseter muscles tend to be modified by occlusion alteration class II. Subjects with class II occlusion tended to present more occurrence of forward head posture with alterations in the muscle activity pattern between masseter and temporal muscles. [source] The American-Soviet Walks: Large-Scale Citizen Diplomacy at Glasnost's OutsetPEACE & CHANGE, Issue 4 2010Steve Brigham Nineteen eighty-seven was a watershed year in the Soviet Union, as Premier Gorbachev's glasnost and perestroika initiatives began to change the face of this closed society. On the citizen diplomacy front, the year featured one of the largest-ever initiatives between American and Soviet citizens, the American,Soviet Walk, the first of numerous walks of that scale to take place in the ensuing years. The five-week walk not only pushed the limits of this fledgling openness and democratization but also tread well beyond the traditional, safe conventions of small-scale citizen exchange. This article explores what made these walks unique, from an unexpectedly large peace rally in Novgorod, to an illegal peace demonstration in Red Square, to public meetings with dissidents. It concludes by exploring the deep cultural differences among the citizen representatives from both countries and whether the walks provide a model for future citizen diplomacy when tensions are high between rival countries. [source] Effect of silicon reinforcement on load-capacity of porous nanofiltersPROCEEDINGS IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS & MECHANICS, Issue 1 2008Ádám Kovács Square,form microfilters consisting of a two,layer porous membrane with nano,size pores and reinforced by silicon columns have been investigated. The change of layer thicknesses and reinforcement geometry modify the load,capacity of the device through the variation of strength properties. A simple thin plate model was constructed by substituting the effect of silicon columns by an equivalent third layer. Estimates for the load,capacity were made by finite element calculations. These estimates have been verified by experimental results. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Convergence in the Public Square?RELIGIOUS STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 4 2009Edward Langerak First page of article [source] Commentary: Social-Ethical Values Issues in the Political Public Square: Principles vs.THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS, Issue 4 2004Packages First page of article [source] Synthesis of a DNA,Silica Complex with Rare Two-Dimensional Square p4mm Symmetry,ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 49 2009Chenyu Jin Verzahnt: Das Titelsystem wurde mit einem quartären Ammoniumsilan als DNA-kondensierendem Agens und Cokondensierer mit der Siliciumquelle hergestellt. Der kleine Achsenabstand in elektrostatischen DNA-DNA-,Reißverschlüsssen" und die zwischen diagonal angeordneten DNA-Strängen gebildeten Siliciumwände sind für die Bildung der p4mm -Struktur optimal. [source] Front and Back Covers, Volume 23, Number 4.ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY, Issue 4 2007August 200 Front and back cover caption, volume 23 issue 4 COMMEMORATING THE ,POLISH POPE' The cover of this issue illustrates Ewa Klekot's article about how Pope John Paul II (Karol Jósef Wojtyla, 1920,2005) was popularly commemorated in Poland during the ,Week of Vigil', 1,8 April 2005. One of the longest-serving pontiffs of modern times, and the only non-Italian to have been elected since the Dutch Adrian VI in the 1520s, Pope John Paul II died on 2 April and was buried on 8 April in the grottoes under St Peter's Basilica in Rome, the Tomb of the Popes. During this week unprecedented expressions of grief and mourning were displayed in Polish cities. Whole streets and squares were converted into temporary shrines, decorated with burning candles, flowers, papal portraits, letters to the departed Pope and both papal and Polish flags. The front cover shows a mother and daughter paying homage by lighting and placing candles along John Paul II Avenue, one of the biggest streets in central west Warsaw. The back cover shows a spontaneous memorial in the form of a large cross in Pilsudski Square, Warsaw, where John Paul II had celebrated mass during his first visit to Poland in 1979, the year after he was elected Pope. The memorial incorporates lanterns, flower offerings and a commemoration board made by primary school children. In constructing unofficial, vernacular and temporary commemorative sites from candles and flowers, Polish citizens re-enacted both the rituals of All Saints Day and the tradition of arranging flowers and candles in public places. The latter is, in the Polish context, more than an expression of grief provoked by deaths of important Polish personalities: it is also historically a way of expressing popularly shared feelings and values, and of asserting a degree of autonomy from the government of the day. Until 1990, Pope John Paul II symbolized powerful nationalist-Catholic sentiments that had helped Polish citizens stand up to communism. However, the slogan ,I didn't mourn the pope' which appeared on T-shirts made by a young Polish artists' group suggests that this new alliance between religion and official politics is being contested. Mourning rituals surrounding public figures frequently have a multivocal quality, and are barometers of change. As part of its ongoing engagement with public events, ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY invites debate on how collective memories are punctuated and shaped by historical moments such as these. [source] Architectural decorations from the private buildings in the Market Square at TamnARABIAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND EPIGRAPHY, Issue 1 2008Romolo Loreto The architectural decorations in pre-Islamic Yemen feature a wide and heterogeneous range of materials. Their many functions cover different fields: domestic, religious, funeral architecture, grave goods (particularly censers and furnishings) and, last but not least, epigraphs. Thus the study of this class of materials requires a two-fold approach: on the one hand to identify and understand the various ornamental motifs in themselves; on the other to study which types of decorative motifs were applied in various circumstances, and hence what it is that links them to each other and to the structure they adorn. This work aims to provide a foundation for a thorough study of the decorative motifs on stonework in various contexts. We begin by defining the use of architectural decorations in the domestic sphere. The archaeological context of the Market Square at Tamna, is particularly suitable, in view of the number of houses brought to light, the amount of related materials found and, above all, because it represents a coherent urban context over a specific period of time. [source] The EmTech Wave Canopy 2009ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Issue 1 2010Michael Weinstock Abstract Michael Weinstock describes the constraints and creativity behind the Wave Canopy, the EmTech Masters programme construction project for 2009, which was located on the upper terrace of the Architectural Association's premises in Bedford Square. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Weisz + Yoes (WXY architecture + urban design)ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, Issue 3 2009Jayne Merkel Abstract Few small avant-garde practices have an impact on visitors to New York like that of WXY, as the firm is sometimes called. Theirs is particularly surprising since, as Jayne Merkel notes, they have only completed a handful of freestanding buildings. But this mid-career husband-and-wife team of Claire Weisz and Mark Yoes - and their new partner, Layng Pew, whom they met at Yale 20 years ago - are changing the face of Times Square and redesigning historic Battery Park at the southern tip of Manhattan where ferries leave for the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island. These heavily used public places are only the most recent ones that they have inventively improved over the last decade and a half. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Optical aberration measurements in dog and cat eyes: interest & limitACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2008SG ROSOLEN Purpose To measure the ocular optical aberrations in dog and cat using a wavefront aberrometer based on Hartmann-Shack technology. Methods Two dogs and one cat were sedated (Medetomidine, 0.1 mg/kg) and their right eye (RE) pupils were artificially dilated (tropicamide). Wavefront aberrations were measured using an irx3 aberrometer (Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France). Prior to each measurement, the eye was aligned with the instrument optical axis by centering both the eye pupil and Purkinje images. The Hartmann-Shack spot images were produced by an array of 1024 microlenses that defined a 7.2x7.2 mm square area in the pupil plane. In preliminary tests, spot image histograms were optimized by adjusting the sensor acquisition time. Wavefront aberrations were then repeatedly measured 10 times in each animal's RE. Spherical defocus, astigmatism and Zernike coefficients up to the 8th order were finally analyzed. Results The optimal acquisition time was 10 ms for all animals, instead of 33 ms when measuring human eyes. Refractive errors could be analyzed in a 6 mm pupil diameter in all cases. The dilated pupil often exceed the sensor area. The average refractive errors in dog #1, dog #2 and the cat were +2.9D(-2.0D)111°;-0.8D(-0.8D)126° and +3.3D(-2.1D)98°, respectively while their Root Mean Square (RMS) higher-order aberrations amounted to 1.9, 1.1, and 2.1 µm RMS respectively. Standard deviation in sphere and cylinder was 1.0D in the cat and less than 0.5D in both dogs. Standard deviation in the higher-order RMS was 0.8 µm in the cat and less than 0.5 µm in both dogs. The observation of individual data revealed that a significant part of this variability was due to blink-related changes in aberrations. Conclusion Ocular optical aberrations can be easily measured in dog and cat using a Hartmann-Shack aberrometer with reduced image acquisition time. The tested animals had relatively large higher-order wavefront aberrations when compared to date measured in healthy human eyes. Measurement reproducibility was notably affected by tear layer effects. This variability could probably be reduced using a larger sensor area, specific head contention device and artificial tears. This new diagnostic technique is easily feasible without any use of anaesthesia and provides less variability and more detailed information than skiascopy. Wavefront aberrometry could be useful in both research and clinical applications. [source] Methods for the analysis of trends in streamflow response due to changes in catchment conditionENVIRONMETRICS, Issue 7 2001R. A. Letcher Abstract Two algorithms for analysing changes in streamflow response due to changes in land use and farm dam development, based on the Estimated Generalized Least Squares (EGLS) and the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) methods, were compared on three catchments in the Macquarie River Basin in NSW, Australia. In order to account for the influence of climatic conditions on streamflow response, the IHACRES conceptual rainfall-runoff model was calibrated on a daily time step over two-year periods then simulated over the entire period of concurrent rainfall, streamflow and temperature data. Residuals or differences between observed and simulated flows were calculated. The EGLS method was applied to a smoothing of the residual (daily) time series. Such residuals represent the difference between the simulated streamflow response to a fixed catchment condition (in the calibration period) and that due to the actual varying conditions throughout the record period. The GAM method was applied to quarterly aggregated residuals. The methods provided similar qualitative results for trends in residual streamflow response in each catchment for models with a good fitting performance on the calibration period in terms of a number of statistics, i.e. the coefficient of efficiency R2, bias and average relative parameter error (ARPE). It was found that the fit of the IHACRES model to the calibration period is critically important in determining trend values and significance. Models with well identified parameters and less correlation between rainfall and model residuals are likely to give the best results for trend analysis. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] 5-HT2A T102C receptor polymorphism and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's diseaseINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 6 2004Linda Chiu Wa Lam Abstract Objective To investigate the association between 5-HT2A receptor polymorphism and neuropsychiatric (NP) symptoms in Chinese elderly with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods This case-control study evaluated Chinese subjects with AD first presented to an university affiliated psychogeriatric clinic. Eighty-seven subjects with NINCDS-ADRDA diagnosis for probable and possible AD were recruited consecutively from the psychogeriatric clinics of the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong. 5-HT2A receptor polymorphisms were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis. NP symptoms were assessed by the Chinese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Results The genotype frequencies were significantly different in subjects with regards to the presentation of delusions, aggression, aberrant motor behavior and apathy (Pearson Chi Squares, p,<,0.05). If only homozygote states were included, there were significantly fewer subjects of CC genotype with delusion (Pearson chi square, p,<,0.05). Conclusions Specific NP symptoms in AD were significantly associated with 5-HT2A receptor polymorphisms. Possible ethnic differences in the behavioral expression of 5-HT2A receptor polymorphisms are worthy of further exploration. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Finite sample improvements in statistical inference with I(1) processesJOURNAL OF APPLIED ECONOMETRICS, Issue 3 2001D. Marinucci Robinson and Marinucci (1998) investigated the asymptotic behaviour of a narrow-band semiparametric procedure termed Frequency Domain Least Squares (FDLS) in the broad context of fractional cointegration analysis. Here we restrict discussion to the standard case when the data are I(1) and the cointegrating errors are I(0), proving that modifications of the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FM-OLS) procedure of Phillips and Hansen (1990) which use the FDLS idea have the same asymptotically desirable properties as FM-OLS, and, on the basis of a Monte Carlo study, find evidence that they have superior finite-sample properties. The new procedures are also shown to compare satisfactorily with parametric estimates. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Fuzzy-based purest wavelength selection from spectral dataJOURNAL OF CHEMOMETRICS, Issue 6-7 2006Seyed Kamaledin Setarehdan Abstract Wavelength selection is usually a useful and sometimes a necessary task in process monitoring using spectroscopic equipment. In this paper, a novel fuzzy-based purest wavelength selection algorithm from spectral data is presented. The proposed algorithm uses the pure component spectra of all chemical components within the mixture in a fuzzy logic framework to identify the set of the most important wavelengths (the set of the purest wavelengths) for a chemical component of interest. Both synthetic and real (Raman) spectral data sets were employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. As a comparative study in the case of the real Raman data, the Evolving Window Factor Analysis (EWFA) technique is applied to both the original spectra and the selected set of the purest wavelengths for a component of interest. The resulting first singular value in EWFA is then compared to the reference concentration trend obtained using the conventional Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression model. The comparison confirms the high quality of the selected set of the purest wavelengths and the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy-based algorithm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] What Prosthodontists Can Learn from Starbucks' 6 SquaresJOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 4 2005Kirk Behrendt ACT Speaker & Coach [source] A neural network-based approach to determine FDTD eigenfunctions in quantum devicesMICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 9 2009Antonio Soriano Abstract This article combines a Neural Network (NN) algorithm with the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique to estimate the eigenfunctions in quantum devices. A NN based on the Least Mean Squares (LMS) algorithm is combined with the FDTD technique to provide a first approach to the confined states in quantum wires. The proposed technique is in good agreement with analytical results and is more efficient than FDTD combined with the Fourier Transform. This technique is used to calculate a numerical approximation to the eigenfunctions associated to quantum wire potentials. The performance and convergence of the proposed technique are also presented in this article. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2017,2022, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24562 [source] Prediction of Microporous Aluminophosphate AlPO4 -5 Based on Resampling Using Partial Least Squares and Logistic DiscriminationMOLECULAR INFORMATICS, Issue 3 2010Miao Qi Abstract In this paper, Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression and Logistic Discrimination (LD) are employed to predict the formation of microporous aluminophosphate AlPO4 -5 based on the database of AlPO synthesis, which aims to provide a useful guidance to the rational synthesis of microporous materials as well as other inorganic crystalline materials. To deal with the problem of class imbalance, four guided resampling methods considering not only the between-class imbalance but also the within-class imbalance are proposed. Experimental results indicate that the presented methods are competent for predicting the formation of microporous aluminophosphate AlPO4 -5. Specially, compared with some existing resampling methods, our proposed resampling methods exhibit much better predictive results. [source] Quantitative Structure,Activity Relationship Studies for the Binding Affinities of Imidazobenzodiazepines for the ,6 Benzodiazepine Receptor Isoform Utilizing Optimized Blockwise Variable Combination by Particle Swarm Optimization for Partial Least Squares ModelingMOLECULAR INFORMATICS, Issue 1 2007Leqian Hu Abstract Binding affinities of a series of substituted imidazobenzodiazepines for the ,6 Benzodiazepine Receptor (BzR) isoform are investigated by the Optimized Blockwise Variable Combination (OBVC) by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based on Partial Least Squares (PLS) modeling. The QSAR analysis result showed that MolRef, AlogP, MRCM**-3, Rotatable bonds (Rotlbonds), Hydrogen Bond Acceptors (Hbond acceptor), five Jurs descriptors, two Shadow indices descriptors and principal moment of inertia are the most important descriptors among all the investigated descriptors. One can change the molar refractivity, the polar interactions between molecules, the shape of the molecules, the principal moments of inertia about the principal axes of a molecule, the hydrophobic character of the molecule, the number of Rotlbonds and Hbond acceptors of the compounds to adjust the binding affinities of imidazobenzodiazepine for the ,6 BzR isoform. The Quantitative Structure,Activity Relationship (QSAR) analysis result was also compared with MLR, PLS, and hierarchical PLS algorithms. It has been demonstrated that OBVC by PSO for PLS modeling shows satisfactory performance in the QSAR analysis. [source] Neural Networks in 3D QSARMOLECULAR INFORMATICS, Issue 5 2003David Abstract 3D QSAR data analysis typically deals with large numbers of descriptors and various methods have been used to cope with this multivariate problem. One popular method, CoMFA, makes use of Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression. Alternative methods of data analysis to PLS have been explored including artificial neural networks (ANN). Within 3D QSAR, ANNs have been successful in producing models showing reasonable predictive capabilities. This review will examine recent studies in 3D QSAR and QSPR using ANN methods. [source] QSAR of Progestogens: Use of a Priori and Computed Molecular Descriptors and Molecular GraphicsMOLECULAR INFORMATICS, Issue 4 2003Rudolf Kiralj Abstract Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study of two sets of oral progestogens was carried out by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Partial Least Squares (PLS). A priori, computed (at DFT 6-31G** level) and molecular graphics and modeling descriptors were employed. Molecular graphics and modeling studies of crystal structures of complexes progesterone receptor (PR)-progesterone, Fab,-progesterone and PR-metribolone have been performed. QSAR of progestogens is a three-dimensional phenomenon (over 96% of information is explained by the first three Principal Components), which can be, although it exhibits significant non-linearity, treated well with linear methods such as PLS. Progestogen activity depends primarily on double bond contents and resonance effects which define the skeletal conformation, and also on substituent characteristics (size, conformational and electronic properties). Sterical relationships between a substituent at C6(sp2) or C6(sp3)-, and sulfur atom from Met 801 residue of PR are important for progesterone binding to the protein and can be quantified. Basically the same was observed for substituents at ,-C10 with respect to residue Met759. [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||