Spots

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Distribution within Life Sciences

Kinds of Spots

  • au-lait spot
  • black spot
  • blind spot
  • blood spot
  • bright spot
  • brown spot
  • cavity spot
  • dark spot
  • diffraction spot
  • discrete spot
  • dried blood spot
  • enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot
  • focal spot
  • gray leaf spot
  • hot spot
  • immunosorbent spot
  • laser spot
  • leaf spot
  • light leaf spot
  • mongolian spot
  • multiple spot
  • protein spot
  • recombination hot spot
  • red spot
  • white spot

  • Terms modified by Spots

  • spot corresponding
  • spot disease
  • spot formation
  • spot intensity
  • spot lesion
  • spot market
  • spot position
  • spot price
  • spot resistance
  • spot sample
  • spot size
  • spot syndrome virus
  • spot test
  • spot urine
  • spot virus

  • Selected Abstracts


    A Geostatistical Analysis of Soil, Vegetation, and Image Data Characterizing Land Surface Variation

    GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS, Issue 2 2007
    Sarah E. Rodgers
    The elucidation of spatial variation in the landscape can indicate potential wildlife habitats or breeding sites for vectors, such as ticks or mosquitoes, which cause a range of diseases. Information from remotely sensed data could aid the delineation of vegetation distribution on the ground in areas where local knowledge is limited. The data from digital images are often difficult to interpret because of pixel-to-pixel variation, that is, noise, and complex variation at more than one spatial scale. Landsat Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Satellite Pour l'Observation de La Terre (SPOT) image data were analyzed for an area close to Douna in Mali, West Africa. The variograms of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from both types of image data were nested. The parameters of the nested variogram function from the Landsat ETM+ data were used to design the sampling for a ground survey of soil and vegetation data. Variograms of the soil and vegetation data showed that their variation was anisotropic and their scales of variation were similar to those of NDVI from the SPOT data. The short- and long-range components of variation in the SPOT data were filtered out separately by factorial kriging. The map of the short-range component appears to represent the patterns of vegetation and associated shallow slopes and drainage channels of the tiger bush system. The map of the long-range component also appeared to relate to broader patterns in the tiger bush and to gentle undulations in the topography. The results suggest that the types of image data analyzed in this study could be used to identify areas with more moisture in semiarid regions that could support wildlife and also be potential vector breeding sites. [source]


    Mass movements caused by recent tectonic activity: The 1999 Chi-chi earthquake in central Taiwan

    ISLAND ARC, Issue 4 2003
    Wen-Neng Wang
    Abstract The Chi-chi earthquake (MS = 7.7), which occurred in September 1999, seriously damaged central Taiwan. Approximately 2 years later (July 2001), the Toraji typhoon brought a heavy rainstorm (650 mm rain/day) and triggered widespread landslides in central Taiwan and parts of eastern Taiwan. Approximately 10 000 Chi-chi earthquake-induced landslides and 6000 Toraji typhoon-related mass movements were delineated in an area of 2400 km2 using Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT; French earth resource satellite) images. The landslide distribution could be closely related to the distribution of peak ground acceleration registered during the Chi-chi earthquake. The study area was composed of Tertiary sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, whose age and induration increased eastward. The earthquake-induced landslides were mostly distributed in the region between the Chelungpu Fault and the Lishan Fault to the east, whereas they were few in the region east of the Lishan Fault. The Toraji typhoon in 2001 severely damaged both regions that had been shattered by the Chi-chi earthquake in 1999. The occurrence of earthquake-induced landslides can be correlated with epicentral distance, and their occurrence has more influence from the rock type than from the ground motion. [source]


    GOAL ATTAINMENT SCALING: AN EFFECTIVE OUTCOME MEASURE FOR RURAL AND REMOTE HEALTH SERVICES

    AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 5 2002
    Ruth Cox
    ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) as an effective, multidisciplinary measure of client outcomes for rural and remote health services. Goal Attainment Scaling was adopted by the Spinal Outreach Team (SPOT) as a client-focussed evaluation tool, as it is sensitive to the individual nature of clients' presenting issues and the multidisciplinary focus of the team. It enables individualised goals to be set on a five-point scale. Goal Attainment Scaling was introduced to the SPOT service after a pilot trial established guidelines for its effective implementation. An ongoing review process ensures that goal scaling remains realistic and relevant. Service outcomes can be effectively summarised using a frequency distribution of GAS scores. One of the important benefits of GAS is its facilitation of collaborative goal setting between clinician and client. Goal Attainment Scaling is recommended to rural and remote multidisciplinary health services because of its ability to summarise outcomes from heterogeneous service activities. [source]


    POLICING CRIME AND DISORDER HOT SPOTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL,

    CRIMINOLOGY, Issue 3 2008
    ANTHONY A. BRAGA
    Dealing with physical and social disorder to prevent serious crime has become a central strategy for policing. This study evaluates the effects of policing disorder, within a problem-oriented policing framework, at crime and disorder hot spots in Lowell, Massachusetts. Thirty-four hot spots were matched into 17 pairs, and one member of each pair was allocated to treatment conditions in a randomized block field experiment. The officers engaged "shallow" problem solving and implemented a strategy that more closely resembled a general policing disorder strategy rather than carefully designed problem-oriented policing responses. Nevertheless, the impact evaluation revealed significant reductions in crime and disorder calls for service, and systematic observations of social and physical disorder at the treatment places relative to the control places uncovered no evidence of significant crime displacement. A mediation analysis of the isolated and exhaustive causal mechanisms that comprised the strategy revealed that the strongest crime-prevention gains were generated by situational prevention strategies rather than by misdemeanor arrests or social service strategies. [source]


    Legionella pneumophila couples fatty acid flux to microbial differentiation and virulence

    MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2009
    Rachel L. Edwards
    Summary During its life cycle, Legionella pneumophila alternates between at least two phenotypes: a resilient, infectious form equipped for transmission and a replicative cell type that grows in amoebae and macrophages. Considering its versatility, we postulated that multiple cues regulate L. pneumophila differentiation. Beginning with a Biolog Phenotype MicroArray screen, we demonstrate that excess short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) trigger replicative cells to cease growth and activate their panel of transmissive traits. To co-ordinate their response to SCFAs, L. pneumophila utilizes the LetA/LetS two-component system, but not phosphotransacetylase or acetyl kinase, two enzymes that generate high-energy phosphate intermediates. Instead, the stringent response enzyme SpoT appears to monitor fatty acid biosynthesis to govern transmission trait expression, as an altered distribution of acylated acyl carrier proteins correlated with the SpoT-dependent differentiation of cells treated with either excess SCFAs or the fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors cerulenin and 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid. We postulate that, by exploiting the stringent response pathway to couple cellular differentiation to its metabolic state, L. pneumophila swiftly acclimates to stresses encountered in its host or the environment, thereby enhancing its overall fitness. [source]


    Acyl carrier protein/SpoT interaction, the switch linking SpoT-dependent stress response to fatty acid metabolism

    MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2006
    Aurélia Battesti
    Summary Bacteria respond to nutritional stresses by producing an intracellular alarmone, guanosine 5,-(tri)diphosphate, 3,-diphosphate [(p)ppGpp], which triggers the stringent response resulting in growth arrest and expression of resistance genes. In Escherichia coli, upon fatty acid or carbon starvation, SpoT enzyme activity switches from (p)ppGpp degradation to (p)ppGpp synthesis, but the signal and mechanism for this response remain totally unknown. Here, we characterize for the first time a physical interaction between SpoT and acyl carrier protein (ACP) using affinity co-purifications and two-hybrid in E. coli. ACP, as a central cofactor in fatty acid synthesis, may be an ideal candidate as a mediator signalling starvation to SpoT. Accordingly, we show that the ACP/SpoT interaction is specific of SpoT and ACP functions because ACP does not interact with the homologous RelA protein and because SpoT does not interact with a non-functional ACP. Using truncated SpoT fusion proteins, we demonstrate further that ACP binds the central TGS domain of SpoT, consistent with a role in regulation. The behaviours of SpoT point mutants that do not interact with ACP reveal modifications of the balance between the two opposite SpoT catalytic activities thereby changing (p)ppGpp levels. More importantly, these mutants fail to trigger (p)ppGpp accumulation in response to fatty acid synthesis inhibition, supporting the hypothesis that the ACP/SpoT interaction may be involved in SpoT-dependent stress response. This leads us to propose a model in which ACP carries information describing the status of cellular fatty acid metabolism, which in turn can trigger the conformational switch in SpoT leading to (p)ppGpp accumulation. [source]


    Iron limitation induces SpoT-dependent accumulation of ppGpp in Escherichia coli

    MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2005
    Daniel Vinella
    Summary In Escherichia coli the ,-lactam mecillinam specifically inhibits penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2), a peptidoglycan transpeptidase essential for maintaining rod shape. We have previously shown that PBP2 inactivation, results, in, a, cell, division, block, and, that an increased concentration of the nucleotide ppGpp, effector of the RelA-dependent stringent response, confers mecillinam resistance and allows cells to divide as spheres in the absence of PBP2 activity. In this study we have characterized an insertion mutation which confers mecillinam resistance in wild-type and ,relA strains but not in ,relA,spoT strains, devoid of ppGpp. The mutant has an insertion in the fes gene, coding for enterochelin esterase. This cytoplasmic enzyme hydrolyses enterochelin,Fe3+ complexes, making the scavenged iron available to the cells. We show that inactivation of the fes gene causes iron limitation on rich medium plates and a parallel SpoT-dependent increase of the ppGpp pool, as judged by the induction of the iron-regulated fiu::lacZ fusion and the repression of the stringently controlled P1rrnB::lacZ fusion respectively. We further show, by direct ppGpp assays, that iron starvation in liquid medium produces a SpoT-dependent increase of the ppGpp pool, strongly suggesting a role for iron in the balance of the two activities of SpoT, synthesis and hydrolysis of (p)ppGpp. Finally, we present evidence that ppGpp exerts direct or indirect positive control on iron uptake, suggesting a simple homeostatic regulatory circuit: iron limitation leads to an increased ppGpp pool, which increases the expression of iron uptake genes, thereby alleviating the limitation. [source]


    Movement and change: independent sector domiciliary care providers between 1995 and 1999

    HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY, Issue 6 2001
    Patricia Ware
    Abstract Promoting the development of a flourishing independent sector alongside good quality public services was a key objective of the community care reforms of the last decade. This paper charts some of the ways the independent domiciliary care sector is changing, as local authorities shift the balance of their provision toward independent sector providers and away from a reliance on in-house services. Two surveys of independent domiciliary care providers were carried out in 1995 and 1999. The aims of the studies were to describe the main features of provider organisations, such as size of business, client group and funding sources; to examine the nature of provider motivations and their past and future plans; to consider how local authorities manage the supply side of social care markets; and to examine the effects on providers of the development of the mixed economy. The first survey in 1995 was conducted in eight local authority areas, which by 1999 had increased to 11 because of the creation of three new unitary authorities. The findings are based on 261 postal surveys together with 111 interviews between the two studies. The research illustrates a domiciliary care market that is still relatively young with many small but growing businesses. There are considerable differences in the split between in-house and independent sector services in individual authorities and a common perception among independent providers that in-house services receive favourable treatment and conditions. Spot or call-off contracts continue to be the most common form of contract although there are moves toward greater levels of guaranteed service and more sophisticated patterns of contracting arrangements. There remains an ongoing need to share information between local authorities and independent providers so that good working relationships can develop with proven and competent providers. [source]


    Satellite image segmentation using hybrid variable genetic algorithm

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 3 2009
    Mohamad M. Awad
    Abstract Image segmentation is an important task in image processing and analysis. Many segmentation methods have been used to segment satellite images. The success of each method depends on the characteristics of the acquired image such as resolution limitations and on the percentage of imperfections in the process of image acquisition due to noise. Many of these methods require a priori knowledge which is difficult to obtain. Some of them are parametric statistical methods that use many parameters which are dependent on image property. In this article, a new unsupervised nonparametric method is developed to segment satellite images into homogeneous regions without any a priori knowledge. The new method is called hybrid variable genetic algorithm (HVGA). The variability is found in the variable number of cluster centers and in the changeable mutation rate. In addition, this new method uses different heuristic processes to increase the efficiency of genetic algorithm in avoiding local optimal solutions. Experiments performed on two different satellite images (Landsat and Spot) proved the high accuracy and efficiency of HVGA compared with another two unsupervised and nonparametric segmentation methods genetic algorithm (GA) and self-organizing map (SOM). The verification of the results included stability and accuracy measurements using an evaluation method implemented from the functional model (FM) and field surveys. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 199,207, 2009 [source]


    Elaboration and Validation of a Diagrammatic Scale for Epidemiological Studies of Cercospora Leaf Spot of Castor Bean

    JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2010
    Wellington Freire Dos Santos
    Abstract The castor bean cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora ricinella Sacc. & Berl.) is a common disease in castor bean crop (Ricinus communis L.), causing defoliation and losses. In spite of this, the evaluation of disease severity is an important decision support for adoption of strategies and tactics for disease control. Therefore the objective of this work was to elaborate and to validate a diagrammatic to evaluate cercospora leaf spot severity in the castor bean. The scale was developed based on six treatments with different irrigation depths plus the control treatment without irrigation. Based on disease incidence analysis, it was possible to select different severity levels per treatment, which were used to define the percentage intervals of foliar diseased area of the diagrammatic scale. In view of the inexistence of standardized methods for the quantification of cercospora leaf spot in the field, the levels of 0%, 0.1 to 1%, 1.1 to 10%, 10.1 to 20% and 20.1 to 45% of lesioned foliar area were established, pointing out the observation that in the interval of 20 to 45% leaf fall started to occur. The scale was tested according its accuracy, precision and reproducibility. For that, 40 leaves with different disease severity levels were appraised by 10 users, without and with the scale, with an interval of seven days between evaluations of the same users. The appraisers obtained better results under utilization of the scale. The scale proposed in this work presented appropriate applicability for cercospora leaf spot evaluation in castor bean. Higher disease intensity was observed in the control and in treatments with higher irrigation depth and lower irrigation frequency. [source]


    Increased Susceptibility of Rice Following Insertion of Amylopullulanase Gene, to Brown Spot Caused by Bipolaris oryzae

    JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 9 2008
    M.-Y. Ting
    Abstract Transgenic rice expressing an amylopullulanase (APU) from the bacterium Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus 39E produces grains which are less expensive to process for production of sugar syrup and protein-enriched flour. During risk assessment of the transgenic line in a field test, brown spot disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae was found more severe on the transgenic line APU than on its parental line TNG67. When lines APU and TNG67 were inoculated at seedling, tillering or heading stage with B. oryzae isolated from line TNG67, the disease was more severe on line APU than on line TNG67 at heading stage, but not at the seedling or tillering stage. However, when B. oryzae isolated from line APU was used in the inoculation tests, the disease was more severe on line APU than on line TNG67 at seedling stage, but not at the tillering or heading stage. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an unintended change in a transgenic plant to become more susceptible to a disease than the non-transgenic plant. [source]


    Effects of Host-Selective SV-Toxin from Stemphylium vesicarium, the Cause of Brown Spot of European Pear Plants, on Ultrastructure of Leaf Cells

    JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2000
    P. Singh
    [source]


    Beauty Spot, Blind Spot: Romantic Wales

    LITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2008
    Mary-Ann Constantine
    Romantic-period Wales was a fascinating place: part literary construct, part tourist destination, it appears in the work of many writers as a locus of alternative possibilities, both political and personal. Welsh landscape, language and literature attracted poets, artists, antiquarians and historians alike, and an energetic literary cultural revival within Wales produced a rich blend of texts, legends and fabrications which would inspire makers of both fiction and history on either side of the border. The questions of national and cultural allegiance at the heart of this revival are of profound importance to current discussions of ,British' identity, particularly in the light of so-called ,four nations' criticism. This article argues that the Welsh contribution to British Romanticism has been seriously neglected by Romantic studies in general. It suggests reasons for this neglect, surveys recent work in the field, and points to future possible directions for research. [source]


    Return and Volatility Dynamics in the Spot and Futures Markets in Australia: An Intervention Analysis in a Bivariate EGARCH-X Framework

    THE JOURNAL OF FUTURES MARKETS, Issue 9 2001
    Ramaprasad Bhar
    This article provides evidence of linkages between the equity market and the index futures market in Australia, where the futures market has experienced a major structural event due to the futures contract respecification. A bivariate Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) model is developed that includes a cointegrating residual as an explanatory variable for both the conditional mean and the conditional variance. The conditional mean returns from both markets are influenced by the long-run equilibrium relationship, and these markets are informationally linked through the second moments. The crossmarket spillovers exhibit asymmetric behavior in that the volatility responses to past standardized innovations are different for market advances and market retreats. An intervention analysis shows that some of the parameters describing the return-generating process have shifted after the contract respecification by the futures exchange. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21:833,850, 2001 [source]


    The Annual Meeting: A Bright Spot in 2009

    ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 2009
    Craig D. Newgard MD
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]


    The Nightly Round: Space, Social Capital, and Urban Black Nightlife

    CITY & COMMUNITY, Issue 2 2010
    Marcus Anthony Hunter
    Using data generated from participant observation and semistructured interviews, I consider the ways in which nightlife, or what might be imagined as the nightly round,a process encompassing the social interactions, behaviors, and actions involved in going to, being in, and leaving the club,is used to mitigate the effects of social and spatial isolation, complementing the accomplishment of the daily round. Through an analysis of the social world of The Spot, I argue that understanding the ways in which urban blacks use space in the nightclub to mediate racial segregation, sexual segregation, and limited social capital expands our current understanding of the spatial mobility of urban blacks as well as the important role of extra-neighborhood spaces in such processes. Further, I highlight the ways that urban blacks use space in the nightclub to leverage socioeconomic opportunities and enhance social networks. While I found that black heterosexual and lesbian and gay patrons used space in similar ways at The Spot, black lesbians and gays were more likely to use the club as a space to develop ties of social support. El recorrido de todas las noches: espacio, capital social y la vida nocturna de las personas de raza negra residentes en las ciudades (Marcus Anthony Hunter) Resumen Usando datos generados a partir de la observación participante y entrevistas semi-estructuradas, analizo las formas en que la vida nocturna o lo que podemos imaginar como el recorrido nocturno -un proceso que abarca las interacciones sociales, conductas y acciones incluidas en el ir hacia, estar en y salir de los clubes de baile- es utilizado para mitigar los efectos del aislamiento social y espacial, complementando así el logro de las actividades realizadas durante el día. A través del análisis del mundo social del club "The Spot", sostengo que estudiar las formas en que las personas de raza negra residentes en las ciudades utilizan el espacio en los clubes nocturnos para mediar la segregación racial y sexual y su limitado capital social, contribuye a expandir nuestra comprensión de la movilidad espacial de las personas de raza negra residentes en las ciudades al igual que el importante rol de los espacios extra-barriales en estos procesos. Además, enfatizo las maneras en que este conglomerado utiliza el espacio en los clubes nocturnos para mejorar sus oportunidades socio-económicas y ampliar sus redes sociales. Mis resultados indican que aunque las y los clientes heterosexuales, lesbianas y gays de raza negra de "The Spot" utilizaban el espacio de manera similar, las lesbianas y gays de raza negra eran más propensos a utilizar el club como un espacio para desarrollar redes de apoyo social. [source]


    Personal Reflections on Saratoga Springs, New York: Hydrogeological and Horse Racing,Hot Spot' of the East

    GROUND WATER, Issue 1 2004
    Donald I. Siegel
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]


    Treatment of Fordyce Spots with Bichloracetic Acid

    DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 3 2008
    ALISHA N. PLOTNER BS
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]


    SECM Visualization of Spatial Variability of Enzyme-Polymer Spots.

    ELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 19-20 2006
    2: Complex Interference Elimination by Means of Selection of Highest Sensitivity Sensor Substructures, Artificial Neural Networks
    Abstract Polymer spots with entrapped glucose oxidase were fabricated on glass surfaces and the localized enzymatic response was subsequently visualized using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in the generator,collector mode. SECM images were obtained under simultaneous variation of the concentration of glucose (0,6,mM) and ascorbic acid (0,200,,M), or, in a second set of experiments, of glucose (0,2,mM) and 2-deoxy- D(+)-glucose (0,4,mM). Aiming at the quantification of the mixture components discretization of the response surfaces of the overall enzyme/polymer spot into numerous spatially defined microsensor substructures was performed. Sensitivity of sensor substructures to measured analytes was calculated and patterns of variability in the data were analyzed before and after elimination of interferences using principal component analysis. Using artificial neural networks which were fed with the data provided by the sensor substructures showing highest sensitivity for glucose, glucose concentration could be calculated in solutions containing unknown amounts of ascorbic acid with a good accuracy (RMSE 0.17,mM). Using, as an input data set, measurements provided by sensing substructures showing highest sensitivity for ascorbic acid in combination with the response of the sensors showing highest dependence on the glucose concentration, the error of the ascorbic acid concentration calculation in solution containing the unknown amount of glucose was 10,,M. Similarly, prediction of the glucose concentration in the presence of 2-deoxy- D(+)-glucose was possible with a RMSE of 0.1,mM while the error of the calculation of 2-deoxy- D(+)-glucose concentrations in the presence of unknown concentrations of glucose was 0.36,mM. [source]


    Mass spectrometrical analysis of the mitochondrial carrier Aralar1 from mouse hippocampus

    ELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 11 2010
    Seok Heo
    Abstract Aralar1 is a mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier and a key component of the malate,aspartate NADH shuttle system. An analytical approach to obtain high sequence coverage is important to predict conformation, identify splice variants and binding partners or generate specific antibodies. Moreover, a method allowing determination of Aralar1 from brain samples is a prerequisite for evaluating a biological role. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation was applied to enrich native membrane protein fractions and these were run on blue-native PAGE, followed by multidimensional gel electrophoresis. Spots from the third-dimensional gel electrophoresis were in-gel digested with trypsin, chymotrypsin and subtilisin. Subsequently, peptides were analyzed by nano-ESI-LC-MS/MS using collision-induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation modes. ModiroÔ v1.1 along with Mascot v2.2 software was used for data handling. Aralar1 could be clearly separated, unambiguously identified and characterized from protein extracts of mouse hippocampus by the use of the multidimensional gel electrophoretic steps. The combined sequence coverage of Aralar1 from trypsin, chymotrypsin and subtilisin digestions was 99.85%. The results provide the basis for future studies of Aralar1 at the protein chemical rather than at the immunochemical level in the brain and thus challenge and enable determination of Aralar1 levels required for understanding biological functions in health and disease. [source]


    Ferromagnetic Spots in Graphite Produced by Proton Irradiation,

    ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 20 2003
    K.-h. Han
    A proton microbeam produces ferromagnetic spots on a highly oriented graphite surface. The Figure shows the topography and the magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images obtained after irradiating the surface with a beam size of 1,,m,×,1 ,m and a dose of 0.098 nC,,m,2. The strength of the magnetic signal is only a factor of ,,10 smaller than that obtained on Fe particles. [source]


    Para-States, Quasi-States, and Black Spots: Perhaps Not States, But Not "Ungoverned Territories," Either

    INTERNATIONAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 2 2008
    Bartosz H. Stanislawski
    First page of article [source]


    Dynamics of Dot-Like Hemosiderin Spots on T2*-Weighted MRIs Associated with Stroke Recurrence

    JOURNAL OF NEUROIMAGING, Issue 3 2007
    Toshio Imaizumi MD
    ABSTRACT Background and Purpose. Dot-like low-intensity spots (dot-like hemosiderin spots: dotHSs) on gradient echo T2*-weighted (-w) brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs) are frequently associated with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), including deep intracerebral hemorrhages and lacunar infarctions. This study investigated how numbers of newly appeared dotHSs contribute to recurrent SVD. Methods. We prospectively analyzed numbers of newly appeared dotHSs in 12 patients with prior SVD (8 males, 4 females; mean 67.6 ± 10.7 years old) readmitted with recurring SVD between October 2001 and March 2003. Numbers of appeared dotHSs per year were counted on T2*-w MRI scans after SVD recurrence and compared to previous MRIs. Seventy-one outpatients (35 males, 36 females; mean 64.3 ± 9.6 years old) with histories of intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) that came to the hospital during the study period served as controls. The hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence was estimated from a multivariate logistic regression model, using the number of appeared dotHSs (per year) and other risk factors. Results. Multivariate analyses revealed that an elevated rate of recurrence was found in patients with substantial numbers of appeared dotHSs (,5/year) (HR, 7.34; P= 0.0008). We also analyzed factors associated with the numbers of appeared dotHSs. A number of appeared dotHSs (,5/year) was significantly and independently associated with the initial number of dotHSs (,10) on T2*-w MRIs following the first SVD (HR, 18.6; P= 0.0001). Conclusions. Though a small sample size limited the power of our analyses, our findings suggest that a number of newly appeared dotHSs may be associated with SVD recurrence. [source]


    Incidence of Mongolian Spots and its Common Sites at Two University Hospitals in Tehran, Iran

    PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
    ASHRAFI MAHMOUD REZA M.D.
    Mongolian spots were found in 11.4% and 37.3% of newborns at Shariati and Lolagar hospitals, respectively. The most frequent site of involvement is the sacral, followed by the gluteal area. [source]


    Hot Spots: Why Some Companies Buzz with Energy and Innovation , and Others Don't.

    R & D MANAGEMENT, Issue 1 2010
    By Lynda Gratton, Glow: How You Can Radiate Energy, Innovation, Success.
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]


    Nano-high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with nano-electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for proteome analysis

    RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 12 2003
    Christian Ihling
    Fourier transform ion-cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry offers several advantages for the analysis of biological samples, including excellent mass resolution, ultra-high mass measurement accuracy, high sensitivity, and wide mass range. We report the application of a nano-HPLC system coupled to an FTICR mass spectrometer equipped with nanoelectrospray source (nano-HPLC/nano-ESI-FTICRMS) for proteome analysis. Protein identification in proteomics is usually conducted by accurately determining peptide masses resulting from enzymatic protein digests and comparing them with theoretically digested protein sequences from databases. A tryptic in-solution digest of bovine serum albumin was used to optimize experimental conditions and data processing. Spots from Coomassie Blue and silver-stained two-dimensional (2D) gels of human thyroid tissue were excised, in-gel digested with trypsin, and subsequently analyzed by nano-HPLC/nano-ESI-FTICRMS. Additionally, we analyzed 1D-gel bands of membrane preparations of COS-6 cells from African green monkey kidney as an example of more complex protein mixtures. Nano-HPLC was performed using 1-mm reverse-phase C-18 columns for pre-concentration of the samples and reverse-phase C-18 capillary columns for separation, applying water/acetonitrile gradient elution conditions at flow rates of 200,nL/min. Mass measurement accuracies smaller than 3,ppm were routinely obtained. Different methods for processing the raw data were compared in order to identify a maximum number of peptides with the highest possible degree of automation. Parallel identification of proteins from complex mixtures down to low-femtomole levels makes nano-HPLC/nano-ESI-FTICRMS an attractive approach for proteome analysis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]


    Direct Evidence of High Spatial Localization of Hot Spots in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering,

    ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 52 2009
    Chang Chen
    Heiß oder kalt: Die hohe Lokalisierung in SERS-Hotspots lässt sich direkt anhand der selektiven Ablagerung von Raman-Analyten innerhalb und außerhalb von Regionen mit verstärktem Feld in einem Spalt zeigen (siehe Bild). Dies bestätigen Messungen der absoluten SERS-Intensitäten ebenso wie kinetische Studien zum lichtinduzierten Abbau an unterschiedlichen Stellen. [source]


    Discovery of cyclic spot activity on the G8 giant HD 208472,

    ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 8 2010
    O. Özdarcan
    Abstract We present and analyze 17 consecutive years of UBVRI time-series photometry of the spotted giant component of the RS CVn binary HD 208472. Our aim is to determine the morphology and the evolution of its starspots by using periodsearch techniques and two-spot light-curve modelling. Spots on HD208472 always occur on hemispheres facing the observer during orbital quadrature and flip their location to the opposite hemisphere every approximately six years. The times when the spots change their preferential hemisphere correspond to times when the light curve amplitudes are the smallest and when abrupt changes of the photometric periods are observed. During these times the star is also close to a relative maximum brightness, suggesting a vanishing overall spottedness at each end of the previous cycle and the start of a new one. We find evidence for a 6.28±0.06-yr brightness cycle, which we interpret to be a stellar analog of the solar 11-year sunspot cycle. We also present clear evidence for a brightening trend, approximated with a 21.5±0.5-yr period, possibly due to a stellar analog of the solar Gleissberg cycle. From the two-spot modelling we also determine an upper limit for the differential-rotation coefficient of , = ,P/P of 0.004±0.010, which would be fifty times weaker than on the Sun (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]


    Spot modelling of the flare M4.5 dwarf YZ CMi

    ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN, Issue 6 2003
    M. Zboril
    Abstract We report on a photometric study of the flareM4.5 dwarf YZ CMi as based on photoelectric observations from the seasons 1972/73, 1979/80 and 1996/97. We suggest spot activity to explain the light and colour curves. Spots are generally 500K cooler than the surrounding photosphere and there are basically two solutions available for the observations: high latitude spot changing slightly basic properties such as radius and latitude or active near-equatorial (belt-like) centers represented by three spots. However, the activity centers changed in longitudes (,180°). The typical spot coverage (inclination i = 60°) is 10-15% and 5% for the season 1996/97 or ,25% for the stellar inclination i = 75°. As a by-product, V curve and (V-I) and (V-K) indexes turn out to be most promising in modelling of M-type stars as far as present calibrations are concerned. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]


    Direct TLC resolution of atenolol and propranolol into their enantiomers using three different chiral selectors as impregnating reagents

    BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, Issue 9 2008
    Ravi Bhushan
    Abstract Direct resolution of racemic atenolol and propranolol into their enantiomers was achieved by normal phase TLC on silica gel plates impregnated with optically pure l -tartaric acid, (R)-mandelic acid and (,)-erythromycin as chiral selectors. Different solvent systems were worked out to resolve the enantiomers. Spots were detected using iodine vapour. The TLC method was validated for linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The influence of pH, temperature and concentration of chiral selector was studied. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]