Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Specific Zones (specific + zone)
Selected AbstractsCrop thinning (hand versus mechanical), grape maturity and anthocyanin concentration: outcomes from irrigated Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) in a warm climateAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH, Issue 1 2006PAUL R. PETRIE Abstract Crop thinning subsequent to fruit set can help regulate yield and improve fruit composition at harvest. Accordingly, an experiment was established in two vineyards (Site 1 Riverland District of South Australia; Site 2 Sunraysia District of Victoria) to investigate effects of crop removal after fruit set (when berries were pea size) using a machine harvester. Specific zones of the canopy were targeted for thinning to remove a predetermined percentage of the fruit and avoid over-thinning. Cropping responses to mechanical thinning were compared with control (un-thinned) vines, and with hand thinned vines (where fruit was removed from a similar portion of the canopy as for mechanical thinning). In a fourth treatment, bunches damaged by mechanical thinning were removed by hand. Inclusion of hand thinning treatments enabled us to distinguish between the potential benefits of reduced yield and the potential damage caused by the mechanical harvester to foliage and/or remaining fruit. Both the mechanical and the hand thinning treatments reduced bunch number as well as yield by a similar amount (approximately 24% on Site 1 and approximately 45% on Site 2) and advanced fruit maturity (soluble solids accumulation at harvest), relative to un-thinned controls, by approximately 1.6 % and 1.7% respectively. Soluble solids accumulated at a similar rate for all treatments at sites, despite differences in yield, implying that the impact of thinning treatments originated prior to veraison. Berry weight was increased by hand thinning at Site1, and by all thinning treatments at Site 2. Anthocyanin concentration (berry fresh weight basis) was higher in fruit from the mechanically thinned vines compared to controls (un-thinned). Mechanical thinning successfully reduced crop level to the target yield, and improved fruit quality. Mechanical thinning, via modified use of a machine harvester, thus offers some potential to regulate yield over large and minimally pruned vineyards, in a timely and cost-effective fashion. [source] Sedimentation History of Neogene Lacustrine Sediments of Su,eo,ka Bela Stena Based on Geochemical Parameters (Valjevo-Mionica Basin, Serbia)ACTA GEOLOGICA SINICA (ENGLISH EDITION), Issue 6 2008AJNOVI, Aleksandra Abstract: Sediments of the western part of the Valjevo-Mionica basin (Serbia) were examined both geochemically and mineralogically to explain, on the basis of their sedimentological characteristics, the causes of changes in their qualitative and quantitative composition. A total of 62 samples obtained from the drillhole at depths up to 400 m was investigated. Using correlation of the obtained data, six geochemical zones were defined, two of which being specially distinguished by their mineralogical, geochemical and sedimentological characteristics. The first one, upper zone A, consists of banded marlstones interbedded with clay and oil shales and is characterized by presence of analcite and searlesite. These minerals and very high contents of Na2O indicate sedimentation in alkaline conditions with increased salinity in arid climate. That provided pronounced water stratification, as well as higher bioproductivity in the basin and sedimentary organic matter preservation. Therefore, the zone A sediments are characterized by high organic matter contents of the type which provides good potential for production of liquid hydrocarbons. Another specific zone, zone F, contains sediments with very high MgO, K2O and Li concentrations. Their geochemical correlation, as well as almost complete absence of illite in this zone, indicates the presence of interstratified clay mineral type illite-saponite (lithium-bearing Mg-smectite). [source] IMAGING OF OXYGEN DYNAMICS WITHIN THE ENDOLITHIC ALGAL COMMUNITY OF THE MASSIVE CORAL PORITES LOBATA,JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 3 2008Michael Kühl We used transparent planar oxygen optodes and a luminescence lifetime imaging system to map (at a pixel resolution of <200 ,m) the two-dimensional distribution of O2 within the skeleton of a Porites lobata colony. The O2 distribution was closely correlated to the distribution of the predominant endolithic microalga, Ostreobium quekettii Bornet et Flahault that formed a distinct green band inside the skeleton. Oxygen production followed the outline of the Ostreobium band, and photosynthetic O2 production was detected at only 0.2 ,mol photons m,2 · s,1, while saturation occurred at ,37 ,mol photons m,2 · s,1. Oxygen levels varied from ,60% to 0% air saturation in the illuminated section of the coral skeleton in comparison to the darkened section. The O2 production within the Ostreobium band was lower in the region below the upward facing surface of the coral and elevated on the sides. Oxygen consumption in darkness was also greatest within the Ostreobium zone, as well as in the white skeleton zone immediately below the corallites. The rate of O2 depletion was not constant within zones and between zones, showing pronounced heterogeneity in endolithic respiration. When the coral was placed in darkness after a period of illumination, O2 levels declined by 50% within 20 min and approached steady-state after 40,50 min in darkness. Our study demonstrates the use of an important new tool in endolith photobiology and presents the first data of spatially resolved O2 concentration and its correlation to the physical structures and specific zones responsible for O2 production and consumption within the coral skeleton. [source] Identification, isolation, and RT-PCR analysis of single stage-specific spermatogenetic cells obtained from portions of seminiferous tubules classified by transillumination microscopyMOLECULAR REPRODUCTION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 12 2009Chiara Vasco The protocol here described allows the analysis of gene expression in single specific mouse spermatogenetic cells. Germ cells were singularly isolated by microdissection of portions of seminiferous tubules classified, based on their transillumination pattern, into four distinct zones along their length. Single portions of a seminiferous tubule, corresponding to specific zones, were mechanically disaggregated into single cells that were (1) identified as spermatogonia, spermatocytes, round or elongated spermatids, (2) isolated using a micromanipulator, and (3) singularly transferred into a test tube for retro-transcription PCR analysis. On each single isolated cell, we have determined the quantitative profile of expression of Gapdh, an endogenous housekeeping gene known to be expressed throughout spermatogenesis. The protocol described allows an accurate analysis of the temporal and quantitative profile of gene expression throughout the whole male gamete differentiation process which so far has mainly been performed on enriched population of cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 1173,1177, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] In-situ synthesis of transparent and conductive carbon nanotube networksPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI - RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS, Issue 4 2007Márcio D. Lima Abstract A method for the production of transparent carbon nanotube networks (CNTNs) over transparent substrates was developed. In this method, CNTNs were grown directly in the target surface by applying the catalyst in specific zones of the substrate through lithographic techniques. The networks can be also transferred from the original substrate to other surfaces. The newly grown carbon nanotubes have a very high aspect ratio (>50000). Thus far, networks with an optical transmittance of 94% at 550 nm and a surface resistivity of 3.6 k,/sq have been produced. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] | ||||||||||