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Specific Control (specific + control)
Selected AbstractsGenetic manipulation, whole-cell recordings and functional imaging of the sensorimotor cortex of behaving miceACTA PHYSIOLOGICA, Issue 1 2009C. C. H. Petersen Abstract Sensory processing, sensorimotor integration and motor control are amongst the most basic functions of the brain and yet our understanding of how the underlying neuronal networks operate and contribute to behaviour is very limited. The relative simplicity of the mouse whisker sensorimotor system is helpful for detailed quantitative analyses of motor control and perception during active sensory processing. Recent technical advances now allow the measurement of membrane potential in awake-behaving mice, using whole-cell recordings and voltage-sensitive dye imaging. With these recording techniques, it is possible to directly correlate neuronal activity with behaviour. However, in order to obtain causal evidence for the specific contributions of different neuronal networks to behaviour, it is critical to manipulate the system in a highly controlled manner. Advances in molecular neurobiology, gene delivery and mouse genetics provide techniques capable of layer, column and cell-type specific control of gene expression in the mouse neocortex. Over the next years, we anticipate considerable advances in our understanding of brain function through measuring and manipulating neuronal activity with unprecedented precision to probe the molecular and synaptic mechanisms underlying simple forms of active sensory perception and associative learning. [source] Cre-mediated recombination in cell lineages that express the progesterone receptorGENESIS: THE JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2005Selma M. Soyal Abstract Using gene-targeting methods, a progesterone receptor Cre knockin (PR-Cre) mouse was generated in which Cre recombinase was inserted into exon 1 of the PR gene. The insertion positions the Cre gene downstream (and under the specific control) of the endogenous PR promoter. As for heterozygotes for the progesterone receptor knockout (PRKO) mutation, mice heterozygous for the Cre knockin insertion are phenotypically indistinguishable from wildtype. Crossing the PR-Cre with the ROSA26R reporter revealed that Cre excision activity is restricted to cells that express PR in progesterone-responsive tissues such as the uterus, ovary, oviduct, pituitary gland, and mammary gland. Initial characterization of the PR-Cre mouse underscores the utility of this model to precisely ablate floxed target genes specifically in cell lineages that express the PR. In the wider context of female reproductive tissue ontology, this model will be indispensable in tracing the developmental fate of cell lineages that descend from PR positive progenitors. genesis 41:58,66, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Single-Crystal Polythiophene Microwires Grown by Self-Assembly,ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 6 2006H. Kim Single-crystal polythiophene microwires with unprecedented electrical characteristics such as low resistance (0.5,M,), a channel current as high as 25,,A, and well-resolved gate modulation (see figure) have been obtained by specific control over the supramolecular organization of individual polymer chains, which show preferential well-ordered interchain stacking along the wire axis. This approach offers a promising protocol for new flexible electronics. [source] Dissecting the signal transduction pathways triggered by galectin,glycan interactions in physiological and pathological settingsIUBMB LIFE, Issue 1 2010Diego J. Laderach Abstract Galectins are a family of evolutionarily conserved animal lectins with pleiotropic functions and widespread distribution. Fifteen members have been identified in a wide variety of cells and tissues. Through recognition of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids, these endogenous lectins can trigger a cascade of intracellular signaling pathways capable of modulating cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and migration. These cellular events are critical in a variety of biological processes including embryogenesis, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and immunity and are substantially altered during tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. In addition, galectins can modulate intracellular functions and this effect involves direct interactions with distinct signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on the intracellular signaling pathways triggered by this multifunctional family of ,-galactoside-binding proteins in selected physiological and pathological settings. Understanding the "galectin signalosome" will be essential to delineate rational therapeutic strategies based on the specific control of galectin expression and function. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(1):1,13, 2010 [source] An experimental test of a visual-based push,pull strategy for control of wood boring phytosanitary pestsAGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Stephen Mark Pawson Abstract 1,International phytosanitary standards require mandatory fumigation for key wood boring beetle pests prior to export. Pressure to reduce the use of toxic fumigants has created a need for alternative control techniques. 2,A visual based push,pull strategy that exploits a differential attraction to yellow and ultra violet (UV) lights was tested for its efficacy at controlling Cerambycidae. 3,The relative attraction of four ,push' lighting treatments [two yellow (high and low-pressure Sodium), one white (metal halide) and a control (no light)] to beetles was assessed. Highly attractive UV ,pull' traps were compared with a paired control trap, the difference used as a measure of the UV traps attractiveness to residual beetles attracted by ,push' lights. 4,Trap catch beneath the two yellow ,push' lights was more similar to the control (no light) treatment than the white light for both species. Control ,push' lights had the highest average catch of Arhopalus ferus, whereas white light was least attractive. This finding was counter intuitive to expectations, and potential mechanisms are discussed. The white ,push' light was most attractive to Prionoplus reticularis. 5,Ultraviolet ,pull' traps were highly attractive to residual beetles drawn to yellow ,push' light treatments. Relative attraction to the UV ,pull' traps beneath control and white ,push' lights differed between species. 6,The results obtained suggest that a push,pull strategy combining yellow site lighting with UV kill traps could provide site specific control of wood borers. Future research should attempt large-scale trials that are subject to competing alternative stimuli at a wood processing site. [source] Managing empowerment and control in an intranet environmentINFORMATION SYSTEMS JOURNAL, Issue 2 2003Aidan Duane Abstract. An intranet increases in sophistication and complexity as it evolves. This evolution leads to an increasing need for control over the intranet. However, this is a contentious issue, as an intranet is deemed to be an empowering technology. Consequently, intranet control systems must balance empowerment and control so as not to negate each other. This paper investigates intranet control activities and their effect on users' perceptions of empowerment throughout the evolution of an intranet in Hewlett Packard (Ireland). The growth of the intranet is charted as a six-stage model that illustrates an evolution of purpose, control and empowerment. The control strategies for managing the intranet implemented at each stage are investigated, and their resultant effects on empowerment are evaluated. The study reveals the importance of balancing control strategies with empowerment initiatives in managing intranet environments. Based on the evidence available, the study recommends the implementation of specific controls at particular stages in the evolution of an intranet in order to achieve control systems that balance empowerment and control. [source] | ||||||||||