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Special Knowledge (special + knowledge)
Selected AbstractsGetting more from your multicore: exploiting OpenMP from an open-source numerical scripting languageCONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION: PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE, Issue 16 2008Michael S. Noble Abstract We introduce SLIRP, a module generator for the S-Lang numerical scripting language, with a focus on its vectorization capabilities. We demonstrate how both SLIRP and S-Lang were easily adapted to exploit the inherent parallelism of high-level mathematical languages with OpenMP, allowing general users to employ tightly coupled multiprocessors in scriptable research calculations while requiring no special knowledge of parallel programming. Motivated by examples in the ISIS astrophysical modeling and analysis tool, performance figures are presented for several machine and compiler configurations, demonstrating beneficial speedups for real-world operations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] How is geriatrics different from general internal medicine?GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2004Thomas E Finucane Geriatrics and general internal medicine overlap greatly: most sick patients seen by a generalist are elderly and geriatricians care for nearly the full spectrum of diseases seen in internal medicine. Differences between the two disciplines can be seen in the areas of patient care, research and administration. As a group, geriatric patients are different from young adults because they are more likely to have multiple chronic illnesses, to depend on others, to be frail and to die in the near future. Each of these characteristics requires special knowledge on the part of the physician. The research agenda in geriatrics extends from attempts to find the molecular basis of sarcopenia and frailty to clinical research on the support of caregivers, who are themselves critically important to patients. In the US, nursing homes are required to have medical directors; this position is largely administrative and requires a distinct set of knowledge and attitudes. Clinical care, research and administrative efforts must all respond to the enormous number of patients who will develop cognitive impairment over the next three decades. Because the number of elderly patients so far exceeds the ability of geriatricians to provide care, education and ,geriatricizing' other specialties will also be an important mission for geriatricians. Proper reimbursement presents a serious challenge to physicians who care for the frail elderly. If geriatricians take care of the frailest, sickest and most vulnerable patients, but reimbursement mechanisms cannot recognize this fact, then all geriatricians will soon go bankrupt. [source] Nurses' experiences of caring encounters with older people living in Swedish nursing homesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OLDER PEOPLE NURSING, Issue 1 2006Lars Westin MNSc Aim., The aim of the study was to describe and interpret the meaning of nurses' experiences of caring encounters with residents in nursing homes. Background., Life for residents in nursing homes can be characterized as a process of decreased physical and psychological resources. Therefore, encounters with nurses are important activities for providing meaning and security for the residents. Research in this field has previously focused on communication, attitudes and job satisfaction, but gives limited knowledge about what the human encounters in this context mean for the nurses. Method., A hermeneutic method was used in this study. Interviews were conducted with 14 nurses from two nursing homes about their experiences of caring encounters. The transcribed interview texts were interpreted as a whole. Results., In the interpretation of the text concerning the meaning of nurses' experiences of encounters with resident's four themes and 11 subthemes emerged. The comprehensive interpretation mainly showed possible ways available being present, being significant and being aware of opportunities for the nurse to find meaning in the encounter with the resident, but impossible ways as being inadequately were also revealed. Conclusion., This study shows the importance of caring encounters between nurses and residents in nursing homes. The good encounters provide various possible ways for nurses to find meaning and a sense of communion with residents. However, bad encounters, described as being inadequate, were found to inhibit nurses from finding meaning in their encounters with residents. Relevance to clinical practice., Meeting the needs of older people in nursing homes requires special knowledge about the importance of the caring encounter. Therefore, nurses in this care context need supervision and continuous education in order to gain relevant knowledge about the meaning of caring encounters for themselves and residents. [source] A cacophony of theories: contributions towards a story-based understanding of analytic treatmentsTHE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2002Soren R. Ekstrom The article addresses problems associated with analytic formulations from the founders of psychoanalysis, including C. G. Jung. Although no longer able to claim a scientific basis for these theoretical constructs, analytic practitioners still use this outdated terminology when presenting their work with patients. By now there is a cacophony of theories often concealing rather than explaining. Denial of loneliness, notions of special knowledge, and idealization of the ,The Founder' seem to perpetuate formulations which no longer carry a clear meaning. The article explores three proposals for describing analytic treatments based on the works of the psychoanalyst Roy Schafer and the cognitive psychologist Roger Schank: analytic attitudes, therapeutic narratives and specific treatment perspectives. The first addresses findings from psychotherapy research about the centrality of analytic attitudes. The second applies the findings about story-based memory and narratives to therapy relationships, and the third takes note of the fact that analytic attention often is more complex than can be described with terms such as transference/countertransference. [source] | ||||||||||