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Special Kind (special + kind)
Selected AbstractsEmbryo of an annual fish (Austrolebias charrua) in the last dormancy stage, diapause IIIGENESIS: THE JOURNAL OF GENETICS AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2009Article first published online: 22 JAN 200 Embryo of an annual fish (Austrolebias charrua) in the last dormancy stage, diapause III. The embryo, surrounded by a transparent vitelline envelope, is in the pre-hatching stage. A prominent eye and part of the pigmented body and tail are apparent. Why annual fishes? Annual fishes (Order Cyprinodontiformes) are a special kind of teleost, found in Africa and South America, with developmental strategies closely related to their life cycle. These fishes inhabit temporary pools that undergo drying during summer, when all adults die. The embryos remain buried in the bottom mud and are resistant to desiccation. In the subsequent rainy season they hatch a few hours after the pool is flooded and a new reproductive cycle begins. This developmental pattern is characterized by the presence of a unique stage between cleavage and embryogenesis, dispersion-aggregation of blastomeres and because the embryos show reversible developmental arrests (diapauses) at different stages. Annual fish embryos are transparent, large, hardy and easy to maintain in the laboratory. Adults show continuous production of eggs and juveniles reach sexual maturity a few weeks after hatching (an unusual condition in fishes). Their particular developmental features confer unique opportunities for research on cell behavior during early development, the effect of environmental factors on development, the regulation of diapauses and the mechanisms involved in sex determination, among others topics. Image provided by Nibia Berois, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. [source] Semi-discretization method for delayed systemsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2002Tamás Insperger Abstract The paper presents an efficient numerical method for the stability analysis of linear delayed systems. The method is based on a special kind of discretization technique with respect to the past effect only. The resulting approximate system is delayed and also time periodic, but still, it can be transformed analytically into a high-dimensional linear discrete system. The method is applied to determine the stability charts of the Mathieu equation with continuous time delay. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The State Connection in China's Rural-Urban Migration,INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION REVIEW, Issue 2 2005Lei Guang This study explores the role of China's rural local state-owned and urban state-owned units in its rural-urban migration process. Most studies on Chinese migration have focused on migrants moving from rural to urban areas through informal mechanisms outside of the state's control. They therefore treat the Chinese state as an obstructionist force and dismiss its facilitative role in the migration process. By documenting rural local states' "labor export" strategies and urban state units' employment of millions of peasants, this article provides a corrective to the existing literature. It highlights and explains the state connection in China's rural-urban migration. Labor is , a special kind of commodity. What we do is to fetch a good price for this special commodity. Labor bureau official from Laomei county, 1996 If we want efficiency, we have to hire migrant workers. Party secretary of a state textile factory in Shanghai, 1997 [source] Contextual constraints in knowledge management theory: the cultural embeddedness of Nonaka's knowledge-creating companyKNOWLEDGE AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT: THE JOURNAL OF CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION, Issue 1 2003Martin Glisby Nonaka and Takeuchi's book The Knowledge Creating Company is one of the most influential in the field of knowledge management. The famous SECI Model, representing the four modes of knowledge creation (socialization, externalization, combination and internalization) seems to have been accepted by the knowledge management community as universally valid in conception and in application. This paper argues that the model must be seen first and foremost as a product of the environment from which it emerged, namely Japan. It is contended that each of the four modes can only be understood with reference to their embeddedness in Japanese social and organizational culture and related value systems. Thus the model should be used with caution. It should be seen as a map rather than a model; or perhaps as a special kind of mirror, which allows us to see ourselves and our knowledge management practices in new ways for directing change. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] An efficient iterative method for solving the matrix equation AXB + CYD = ENUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA WITH APPLICATIONS, Issue 6 2006Zhen-yun Peng Abstract This paper presents an iterative method for solving the matrix equation AXB + CYD = E with real matrices X and Y. By this iterative method, the solvability of the matrix equation can be determined automatically. And when the matrix equation is consistent, then, for any initial matrix pair [X0, Y0], a solution pair can be obtained within finite iteration steps in the absence of round-off errors, and the least norm solution pair can be obtained by choosing a special kind of initial matrix pair. Furthermore, the optimal approximation solution pair to a given matrix pair [X,, ,] in a Frobenius norm can be obtained by finding the least norm solution pair of a new matrix equation AX,B + C,D = ,, where , = E , AX,B , C,D. The given numerical examples show that the iterative method is efficient. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] General theory of domain decomposition: Indirect methodsNUMERICAL METHODS FOR PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, Issue 3 2002Ismael Herrera Abstract According to a general theory of domain decomposition methods (DDM), recently proposed by Herrera, DDM may be classified into two broad categories: direct and indirect (or Trefftz-Herrera methods). This article is devoted to formulate systematically indirect methods and apply them to differential equations in several dimensions. They have interest since they subsume some of the best-known formulations of domain decomposition methods, such as those based on the application of Steklov-Poincaré operators. Trefftz-Herrera approach is based on a special kind of Green's formulas applicable to discontinuous functions, and one of their essential features is the use of weighting functions which yield information, about the sought solution, at the internal boundary of the domain decomposition exclusively. A special class of Sobolev spaces is introduced in which boundary value problems with prescribed jumps at the internal boundary are formulated. Green's formulas applicable in such Sobolev spaces, which contain discontinuous functions, are established and from them the general framework for indirect methods is derived. Guidelines for the construction of the special kind of test functions are then supplied and, as an illustration, the method is applied to elliptic problems in several dimensions. A nonstandard method of collocation is derived in this manner, which possesses significant advantages over more standard procedures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 18: 296,322, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/num.10008 [source] Needs, closeness and responsibilities.NURSING PHILOSOPHY, Issue 2 2001An inquiry into some rival moral considerations in nursing care Abstract The first part of this paper seeks to clarify how interpersonal relationships are generally rooted in considerations about trust, vulnerability and interpersonal dependence. However, for nurse,patient relationships, and from the point of view of justice and fair rationing, it is essential to investigate their distinct moral nature. Hence, the second part of the paper argues that nurse,patient relationships, as a special kind of interpersonal relationship, raise particular normative issues. I will discuss dilemmas facing nurses and professional care-givers in general who are torn between their obligations to existing patients and more general and impartial considerations regarding the distribution of nursing care. This discussion concerning the normative claims of immediacy and mercy vs. fairness in health care is a pressing issue for nursing care. The claims that arise from particular relationships in nursing care are typically associated with closeness to a person's vulnerabilities. The pressing issue is how considerations of mercy and protection of individual patients can be safeguarded within today's nursing and health-care practices in which distributivist considerations are crucial. [source] Solitude and the Restlessness of the Immemorial: Levinasian Traces in the Discourse of Patrick ModianoORBIS LITERARUM, Issue 4 2004Karen D. Levy Emmanuel Levinas contested Western ontology's insistence on the importance of individual autonomy and systematized knowledge, developing a new description of how identity and intersubjectivity are constructed. In the early De l'existence à l'existant and Le Temps et l'autre, he explains how the effort of existing is assumed, creating a sense of mastery but also of solitude, for the ego and the self are tied to one another, but it is not until Totalité et Infini that he elaborates on the ethical encounter with the face as discourse. In his last major work Autrement qu'être ou au-delà de l'essence, he focuses on the consequences of this epiphany for the subject, and relates this to the trace, a special kind of sign that focuses not so much on the relationship between sign and referent as on the irreversible passing of those who left them. The paired texts of Patrick Modiano's Voyage de noces and Dora Bruder most strikingly inscribe the simultaneous self-absorption and tedium of existing, but also depict how traces from the immemorial shatter the subject's autonomy. Modiano is haunted by the missing person ad's description of a runaway girl who disappeared in December 1941, was interned in Drancy the following summer and then deported to Auschwitz. He first wrote Voyage de noces to exorcise the spell the ad cast upon him, was eventually compelled to respond directly to the summons by composing Dora Bruder. Modiano tries to retrieve fragments of the adolescent Dora's past and rescue her from oblivion, but his efforts prove largely futile, for there is no memory to retrieve. His insistence on Dora's decision to remain in Drancy with her father makes it possible for him to forgive his own father's failings and acknowledge his admiration both for him and all those who defied Occupation hypocrisy. Lastly, Modiano's text calls upon us as readers to become the guardians of the pleas that French authorities ignored and thereby accept the summons of the immemorial ourselves. [source] Is Knowing-how Simply a Case of Knowing-that?PHILOSOPHICAL INVESTIGATIONS, Issue 4 2004Tobias Rosefeldt Jason Stanley and Timothy Williamson have argued that there is no fundamental distinction between what Gilbert Ryle famously called ,knowing how' and ,knowing that', and that the former can be treated as a special kind of the latter. I will endeavour to show that sentences of the form ,a knows how to F' are ambiguous between a reading in which we ascribe knowledge-that to a and another in which we ascribe something to a which is irreducible to any kind of knowledge-that and can most appropriately be characterized as an ability. The authors' attempt to reduce also the latter reading to an ascription of knowledge-that fails because it rests on an unexplained conception of practical modes of presentation. [source] Generalizations of Optimal Control Problems by ComparisonPROCEEDINGS IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS & MECHANICS, Issue 1 2003H. Irrgang Dr. Generalizations of optimal control problems can be used for deciding the existence of solutions as well as for constructions of approximate solutions. In such cases one has to ask for gaps between the original problem and its generalizations. An overview will be given on several generalizations of a special kind of optimal control problems and the connections between them will be pointed out. These connections allow to answer the question about gaps for special cases. [source] The science of intentions and the intentions of sciencePSYCHOTHERAPY AND POLITICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2003Polly Young-EisendrathArticle first published online: 13 FEB 200 Abstract Psychoanalysis is a special kind of science that needs to discover its systematic and scientific foundations on the grounds of its own being , the study of subjective life. In this essay, I describe how psychoanalysis is a ,science of intentions' and show how it can help us clarify the ,intentions of science' as we face a massive contemporary illusion: that we can understand our suffering through some version of biological determinism. Our methods of inquiry and our concerns and goals in psychoanalysis explicitly contrast with the assumptions and forms of investigation in biology, neuroscience, and physics. We cannot ground our work in studies of organic processes because we cannot ask or answer our questions through them. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd [source] WHERE DID THE LUSTRE TILES OF THE SIDI OQBA MOSQUE (ad 836,63) IN KAIROUAN COME FROM?,ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 4 2003O. Bobin Metallic lustre decoration of glazed ceramics is a very special kind of ornament, because its colours change with the observational conditions. In diffused light, they can be green, brown or ochre,yellow. In specular reflection, they show an associated coloured metallic shine (blue, golden-yellow or orange). The lustre tiles at the Sidi Oqba Mosque in Kairouan still have no defined origin (possibly Kairouan and/or Mesopotamia). Physicochemical analyses of eight Kairouan lustre tile samples and four Mesopotamian lustre pottery samples show that the Kairouan tiles probably came from Mesopotamia, from a major production centre, possibly Baghdad, Samarra or Basra. [source] Concept for a New Hydrodynamic Blood Bearing for Miniature Blood Pumps,ARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 10 2004Thomas Kink Abstract: The most crucial element of a long-term implantable rotary blood pump is the rotor bearing. Because of heat generation and power loss resulting from friction, seals within the devices have to be avoided. Actively controlled magnetic bearings, although maintenance-free, increase the degree of complexity. Hydrodynamic bearings for magnetically coupled rotors may offer an alternative solution to this problem. Additionally, for miniature pumps, the load capacity of hydrodynamic bearings scales slower than that of, for example, magnetic bearings because of the cube-square-law. A special kind of hydrodynamic bearing is a spiral groove bearing (SGB), which features an excellent load capacity. Mock-loop tests showed that SGBs do not influence the hydraulic performance of the tested pumps. Although, as of now, the power consumption of the SBG is higher than for a mechanical pivot bearing, it is absolutely contact-free and has an unlimited lifetime. The liftoff of the rotor occurs already at 10% of design speed. Further tests and flow visualization studies on scaled-up models must demonstrate its overall blood compatibility. [source] Liberating Anger, Embodying Knowledge: A Comparative Study of María Lugones and Zen Master HakuinHYPATIA, Issue 2 2010JEN MCWEENYArticle first published online: 9 DEC 200 This paper strengthens the theoretical ground of feminist analyses of anger by explaining how the angers of the oppressed are ways of knowing. Relying on insights created through the juxtaposition of Latina feminism and Zen Buddhism, I argue that these angers are special kinds of embodied perceptions that surface when there is a profound lack of fit between a particular bodily orientation and its framing world of sense. As openings to alternative sensibilities, these angers are transformative, liberatory, and deeply epistemological. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||