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Special Effects (special + effects)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Information Science and Computing37%
Medical Sciences25%
Chemistry25%

Selected Abstracts

Analysis of water solubility data on the basis of HYBOT descriptors

MOLECULAR INFORMATICS, Issue 9-10 2003
Part 2.
Abstract Solubility data of 787 organic liquids (electrolytes and non-electrolytes) with diverse structures has been quantitatively described by physicochemical property descriptors. Special effects like intra - and intermolecular hydrogen bonds have been shown to be very important for water solubility. It is found that an important part of the solute-solvent interaction is neglected in all correlations of logS with (only) logP, as in this case the solute H-bond donor effect is not considered. As expected intramolecular hydrogen bonds lead to reduced solubility, whereas intermolecular hydrogen bonds (both HB donors and acceptors) of solutes result in higher solubility. An exception to the latter rule are carboxylic acids which due to intermolecular HB-induced dimerization in the pure liquid phase of acids show a three times lower solubility as expected on the basis of their molecular properties. A volume-related term (molecular polarizability ,) was found to have an essential negative contribution to solubility. For the first time the solubility increasing effect of partial ionization of weak acids and bases in saturated aqueous solutions has been quantitatively considered for sets of compounds by exact calculation of the pH determined by the solutes aqueous solubility and pKa value(s). [source]

Interactive shadowing for 2D Anime

COMPUTER ANIMATION AND VIRTUAL WORLDS (PREV: JNL OF VISUALISATION & COMPUTER ANIMATION), Issue 2-3 2009
Eiji Sugisaki
Abstract In this paper, we propose an instant shadow generation technique for 2D animation, especially Japanese Anime. In traditional 2D Anime production, the entire animation including shadows is drawn by hand so that it takes long time to complete. Shadows play an important role in the creation of symbolic visual effects. However shadows are not always drawn due to time constraints and lack of animators especially when the production schedule is tight. To solve this problem, we develop an easy shadowing approach that enables animators to easily create a layer of shadow and its animation based on the character's shapes. Our approach is both instant and intuitive. The only inputs required are character or object shapes in input animation sequence with alpha value generally used in the Anime production pipeline. First, shadows are automatically rendered on a virtual plane by using a Shadow Map1 based on these inputs. Then the rendered shadows can be edited by simple operations and simplified by the Gaussian Filter. Several special effects such as blurring can be applied to the rendered shadow at the same time. Compared to existing approaches, ours is more efficient and effective to handle automatic shadowing in real-time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Interactive soft-touch dynamic deformations

COMPUTER ANIMATION AND VIRTUAL WORLDS (PREV: JNL OF VISUALISATION & COMPUTER ANIMATION), Issue 3 2007
Hui Chen
Abstract It is crucial for the users to touch, grasp and manipulate the interested objects through our sense of touch in many interactive applications, such as on-line computer games, interactive cartoon design, and virtual prototyping. In this paper, we propose an interactive haptic deformation approach which incorporates the dynamic simulation of mass,spring systems and flexible control of free-form deformation in the touch-enabled soft-object deformation. Through distributing mass, spring and damping coefficients of the object to the bounded Bezier volume lattice, the deformation of the object related to the haptic avatar follows the physical laws and has high working rate. Both homogenous and inhomogenous materials are simulated. The anchor nodes of haptic input are specified to create amazing special effects during the interactive haptic deformation. Interactive haptic deformations of three-type tropic fishes, Angel, Demekin, and GuppyBlueGrass, have been experimented to simulate vivid fish swimming processes in the virtual ocean scene. Our proposed approach provides touch-enabled input and efficient performance in the flexible deforming controls, letting the objects move in a dynamic, cartoon-style deforming manner. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Movie Making at Pixar: A Collaboration of Art and Technology

COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM, Issue 3 2005
Rob Cook
This talk takes you behind the scenes at Pixar Animation Studios for an in-depth look at how its 3d computer graphics films are made. Making a computer animated film involves people with artistic talent and people with technical skills working together in close collaboration. The process starts with the development of the story and continues with modeling the geometry, adding articulation controls, using those controls to animate the characters, simulating things like water and cloth and hair, defining the look of the surfaces, putting lights in the scene, adding special effects, rendering, and post-production. Special emphasis is given to the roles of technology and computer graphics research in supporting the filmmaker. [source]

NMR nomenclature: Nuclear spin properties and conventions for chemical shifts (IUPAC recommendations 2001),

CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE, Issue 5 2002
Robin K. Harris
Abstract A unified scale is recommended for reporting the NMR chemical shifts of all nuclei relative to the 1H resonance of tetramethylsilane. The unified scale is designed to provide a precise ratio, ,, of the resonance frequency of a given nuclide to that of the primary reference, the 1H resonance of tetramethylsilane (TMS) in dilute solution (volume fraction, , < 1%) in chloroform. Referencing procedures are discussed, including matters of practical application of the unified scale. Special attention is paid to recommended reference samples and values of , for secondary references on the unified scale are listed, many of which are the results of new measurements. Some earlier recommendations relating to the reporting of chemical shifts are endorsed. The chemical shift, ,, is redefined to avoid previous ambiguities but to leave practical usage unchanged. Relations between the unified scale and recently published recommendations for referencing in aqueous solutions (for specific use in biochemical work) are discussed, as well as the special effects of working in the solid state with magic-angle spinning. In all, nine new recommendations relating to chemical shifts are made. Standardized nuclear spin data are also presented in tabular form for the stable (and some unstable) isotopes of all elements with non-zero quantum numbers. The information given includes quantum numbers, isotopic abundances, magnetic moments, magnetogyric ratios and receptivities, together with quadrupole moments and linewidth factors (where appropriate). © 2001 IUPAC. Concepts Magn Reson 14:326,346, 2002 [source]

Thermodynamics of Phase Behavior in PEO/P(EO- b -DMS) Homopolymer and Block Co-Oligomer Mixtures under Pressure

MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, Issue 18 2003
Shichun Jiang
Abstract The cloud-point temperatures (Tcl's) of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(ethylene oxide)- block -polydimethylsiloxane (P(EO- b -DMS)) homopolymer and block-oligomer mixtures were determined by turbidity measurements over a range of temperatures (105 to 130,°C), pressures (1 to 800 bar), and compositions (10,40 wt.-% PEO). The system phase separates upon cooling and Tcl was found to decrease with an increase in pressure for a constant composition. In the absence of special effects, this finding indicates negative excess volumes. Special attention was paid to the demixing temperatures as a function of the pressure for the different polymer mixtures and the plots in the T - , plane (where , signifies volume fractions). The cloud-point curves of the polymer mixture under pressures were observed for different compositions. The Sanchez-Lacombe (SL) lattice fluid theory was used to calculate the spinodals, the binodals, the Flory-Huggins (FH) interaction parameter, the enthalpy of mixing, and the volume changes of mixing. The calculated results show that modified P(EO- b -DMS) scaling parameters with the new combining rules can describe the thermodynamics of the PEO/P(EO- b -DMS) system well with the SL theory. Cloud point curves for various PEO/P(EO- b -DMS) polymer mixtures at various pressures on the T - ,PEO plane. [source]

NMR nomenclature: nuclear spin properties and conventions for chemical shifts.

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY, Issue 7 2002
Applied Chemistry., IUPAC Recommendations 2001., International Union of Pure
Abstract An Addendum has been published for this article in Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 40(9) 2002, 622. A unified scale is recommended for reporting the NMR chemical shifts of all nuclei relative to the 1H resonance of tetramethylsilane. The unified scale is designed to provide a precise ratio, ,, of the resonance frequency of a given nuclide to that of the primary reference, the 1H resonance of tetramethylsilane (TMS) in dilute solution (volume fraction, , < 1%) in chloroform. Referencing procedures are discussed, including matters of practical application of the unified scale. Special attention is paid to recommended reference samples, and values of , for secondary references on the unified scale are listed, many of which are the results of new measurements. Some earlier recommendations relating to the reporting of chemical shifts are endorsed. The chemical shift, ,, is redefined to avoid previous ambiguities but to leave practical usage unchanged. Relations between the unified scale and recently published recommendations for referencing in aqueous solutions (for specific use in biochemical work) are discussed, as well as the special effects of working in the solid state with magic-angle spinning. In all, nine new recommendations relating to chemical shifts are made. Standardized nuclear spin data are also presented in tabular form for the stable (and some unstable) isotopes of all elements with non-zero quantum numbers. The information given includes quantum numbers, isotopic abundances, magnetic moments, magnetogyric ratios and receptivities, together with quadrupole moments and linewidth factors (where appropriate). Copyright 2001 IUPAC. Reprinted with permission from Pure Appl. Chem. 2001; 73: 1795. [source]

Effects of theatrical smokes and fogs on respiratory health in the entertainment industry

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2005
Sunil Varughese MSc
Abstract Background Theatrical fogs (glycol or mineral oil aerosols) are widely used in the entertainment industry to create special effects and make lighting visible. Methods We studied 101 employees at 19 sites using fogs and measured personal fog exposures, across work shift lung function, and acute and chronic symptoms. Results were also compared to an external control population, studied previously. Results Chronic work-related wheezing and chest tightness were significantly associated with increased cumulative exposure to fogs (mineral oil and glycols) over the previous 2 years. Acute cough and dry throat were associated with acute exposure to glycol-based fogs; increased acute upper airway symptoms were associated with increased fog aerosol overall. Lung function was significantly lower among those working closest to the fog source. Conclusions Mineral oil- and glycol-based fogs are associated with acute and chronic adverse effects on respiratory health among employees. Reducing exposure, through controls, substitution, and elimination where possible, is likely to reduce these effects. Am. J. Ind. Med. 47:411,418, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]