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Spruce Stumps (spruce + stump)
Selected AbstractsUse of a breeding approach for improving biocontrol efficacy of Phlebiopsis gigantea strains against Heterobasidion infection of Norway spruce stumpsFEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Hui Sun Abstract Sixty-four wild heterokaryotic isolates of Phlebiopsis gigantea were analysed for asexual spore production, growth rate and competitive ability against Heterobasidion in vitro, as well as growth rate in Norway spruce wood. These P. gigantea traits were considered important for controlling infection of Norway spruce stumps by spores of Heterobasidion spp. Ten most promising P. gigantea isolates were crossed with each other and 172 F1 progeny heterokaryons were analysed for the above-mentioned traits. Thirteen most promising progeny heterokaryons were selected and their biocontrol ability against infection by Heterobasidion was compared with the parental isolates in stem pieces of Norway spruce. The results indicated that the progeny strains had generally better traits and control efficacy than the parental strains. The genetic effects accounted for a part of the variations between progeny and parental strains. This further suggests that there is a potential to improve the biocontrol properties of P. gigantea through breeding. [source] Occurrence of Heterobasidion basidiocarps on cull pieces of Norway spruce left on cutting areas and in mature spruce standsFOREST PATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2007M. M. Müller Summary Fruiting of Heterobasidion on cull pieces and stumps of Norway spruce was investigated in cutting areas and mature spruce stands located in southern Finland. Cull pieces of variable size and showing butt rot were left on three clear-cut areas and in one thinned stand. Additionally, a part of the cull pieces was transported to mature forest sites with closed canopy. During the succeeding 3,4 years the cull pieces were investigated annually for sporocarps of Heterobasidion, and the area of actively sporulating pore layer of each sporocarp was measured. Root bases of spruce stumps in the logging areas were excavated and sporocarps found on the stumps also measured. At the onset of the experiment, Heterobasidion spp. were isolated from 76% of the cull pieces showing butt rot; 85% of the isolates were identified as H. parviporum and 15% as H. annosum s.s. During the following 3,4 years sporocarps were found on 20% of the 1938 cull pieces where Heterobasidion butt rot was initially detected visually. Sporocarp formation was promoted by advancement of butt rot, increasing cull piece diameter and end-to-end ground contact, but restricted by the colonization of the cull piece by Stereum sanguinolentum. Between-site differences were significant but could not be explained by differences in tree cover. At the end of the investigation period the average sporulating area of Heterobasidion sporocarp per metre of cull piece was higher than the average sporulating area per stump at three of four logging sites. Hence, leaving cull pieces containing Heterobasidion butt rot at logging areas in southern Finland can considerably increase local production of Heterobasidion spores. [source] Persistence of a biocontrol strain of Phlebiopsis gigantea in conifer stumps and its effects on within-species genetic diversityFOREST PATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2001E. J. Vainio Fungal isolations and genetic fingerprinting were used to determine whether Phlebiopsis gigantea stump treatment against Heterobasidion annosum sl. using a single genotype (Rotstop) would affect the genetic diversity of P. gigantea populations. The survival time of P. gigantea was longer in Norway spruce (Picea abies) stumps compared to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) as no isolates were obtained from pine stumps 6 years after treatment, whereas in about half of the spruce stumps the fungus was still present. The usage of Rotstop did not seem to increase the occurrence of the fungus 5 years after the treatment in fresh (1-year-old) untreated stumps within the same forest stands. All the isolates from the 6-year-old treated spruce stumps were identical in genotype with the Rotstop-strain, whereas all isolates from the fresh untreated spruce and pine stumps differed from it. Within the treated pine stand, the biocontrol usage seemed to have caused a slight reduction in genetic markers not related to Rotstop, but there were no statistically significant differences between the marker frequencies and the local natural population. Thus, Rotstop is not likely to cause any immediate threat to the genetic diversity of P. gigantea. Persistance dans les souches de conifères d'un génotype de Phlebiopsis gigantea utilisée en lutte biologique, et effets sur la diversité génétique de l'espèce L'isolement et l'empreinte génétique ont été utilisés pour savoir si le traitement de souches contre Heterobasidion annosum avec un seul génotype de Phlebiopsis gigantea (Rotstop) peut affecter la diversité génétique des populations de P. gigantea. La durée de survie de P. gigantea a été plus longue dans les souches de Picea abies que dans celles de Pinus sylvestris. Chez celles-ci, aucun isolat n'a été obtenu six ans après le traitement alors que chez environ la moitié des souches d'épicéa le champignon était encore présent. Dans les mêmes peuplements, cinq ans après l'application du Rotstop, l'incidence du champignon ne semblait pas avoir augmenté chez les souches fraîches non traitées, âgées de un an. Tous les isolats obtenus à partir des souches traitées six ans auparavant avaient le même génotype que l'isolat du Rotstop, alors que tous ceux issus de souches fraîches non traitées d'épicéa et de pin étaient différents. Chez le peuplement de pins, le traitement biologique semblait avoir causé une légère réduction des marqueurs génétiques non liés au Rotstop, mais leur fréquence n'était pas statistiquement différente de celle de la population naturelle locale. Ainsi, il apparaît peu probable que le Rotstop soit une menace immédiate pour la diversité génétique du P. gigantea. Persistenz eines Phlebiopsis gigantea -Isolates in Koniferenstümpfen und seine Auswirkungen auf die intraspezifische genetische Diversität Mit Isolierungen und genetischem Fingerprinting wurde untersucht, ob eine Stumpfbehandlung mit einem einzelnen Genotyp von Phlebiopsis gigantea (Rotstop) gegen Heterobasidion annosum sl. die genetische Diversität von P. gigantea -Populationen beeinträchtigen könnte. P. giganteaüberlebte auf Stümpfen von Picea abies länger als auf solchen von Pinus sylvestris. Auf Kiefernstümpfen konnte der Pilz sechs Jahre nach der Behandlung nicht mehr nachgewiesen werden, während er auf 50% der Fichtenstümpfe noch vorhanden war. Eine Rotstop-Anwendung 5 Jahre zuvor hatte offenbar keinen Einfluss auf das Vorkommen von P. gigantea in frischen (einjährigen) unbehandelten Stümpfen im gleichen Bestand. Alle Isolate von den sechs Jahre alten behandelten Fichtenstümpfen hatten den gleichen Genotyp wie das Rotstop-Isolat, während alle Isolate von den frischen (unbehandelten) Fichten-und Kiefernstümpfen anderen Genotypen angehörten. In dem behandelten Kiefernbestand war die Frequenz der nicht mit dem Rotstop-Isolat assoziierten genetischen Marker etwas verringert, der Unterschied zur lokalen natürlichen Population war aber statistisch nicht signifikant. Die Anwendung von Rotstop dürfte somit keine kurzfristige Bedrohung der genetischen Diversität von P. gigantea darstellen. [source] |