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Southern City (southern + city)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%
Humanities and Social Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

RACIALIZED TOPOGRAPHIES: ALTITUDE AND RACE IN SOUTHERN CITIES,

GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW, Issue 1 2006
JEFF UELAND
ABSTRACT. This study examines altitudinal residential segregation by race in 146 cities in the U.S. South. It begins by embedding the topic in recent theorizations of the social construction of nature, the geography of race, and environmental justice. Second, it focuses on how housing markets, particularly in the South, tend to segregate minorities in low-lying, flood-prone, and amenity-poor segments of urban areas. It tests empirically the hypothesis that blacks are disproportionately concentrated in lower-altitude areas using gis to correlate race and elevation by digital elevation-model block group within each city in 1990 and 2000. The statistical results confirm the suspected trend. A map of coefficients indicates strong positive associations in cities in the interior South-where the hypothesis is confirmed-and an inverse relationship near the coast, where whites dominate higher-valued coastal properties. Selected city case studies demonstrate these relationships connecting the broad dynamics of racial segregation to the particularities of individual places. [source]

Urban Shadows: Materiality, the ,Southern City' and Urban Theory

GEOGRAPHY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 2 2008
Colin McFarlane
We may be witnessing a ,Southern turn' in urban studies, but the implications for urban theory are only beginning to be worked through. In this article, I argue the need for urbanists to engage with a variety of ,shadows' on the edges of urban theory. The article engages with literature that theorises the interactions between urban materiality and social change, from community development literature to more expansive sociomaterial theorisations of the urban fabric. I invoke an expansive conception of the relations between the urban fabric and social change, and draw on a variety of examples through which infrastructures come to matter politically in the creative destruction of capitalist redevelopment. The article ends with consideration of how comparison might be conceived as a strategy of indirect and uncertain learning that entails the possibility of transformation in a predominantly Euro-American-orientated urban theory. [source]

Musculoskeletal pain in ragpickers in a southern city in Brazil

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2006
Marcelo C. da Silva MSc
Abstract Background Ragpickers are informal workers who collect recyclable materials to earn a small wage. Their life and working conditions are extremely precarious. The ergonomic hazards and musculoskeletal pain in a sample of ragpickers in Pelotas, a city in southern Brazil are examined. Methods Two comparison groups were available: a matched sample of non-ragpickers from the same poor neighborhoods, and a random sample of the general population of the city. The cross-sectional study gathered data by interview on 990 individuals in 2004. Musculoskeletal pain was assessed using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Results Ragpickers reported higher prevalences for most awkward postures and ergonomic exposures compared to neighbors with other demanding manual jobs. The prevalence within the last 12 months of low back pain (LBP), lower extremity pain (LEP), and upper extremity pain (UEP) among ragpickers were 49.2%, 45.1%, and 34.9%, respectively; levels similar to those reported by neighborhood controls. Both ragpickers and non-ragpickers reported considerably higher ergonomic exposures, and more prevalent LBP, than the general population. Conclusions Ragpickers experience many occupational hazards and ergonomic stressors. Their overall prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was similar to a comparison group with other physically demanding manual jobs. For LBP, this prevalence was substantially higher (49% vs. 35%) than in the general population. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:327,336, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Cesarean Delivery in Shantou, China: A Retrospective Analysis of 1922 Women

BIRTH, Issue 2 2000
Wang-ling Wu MD
Background:In China the cesarean section rate increased significantly during the past four decades. This study examined the frequency and indications of cesarean birth in Shantou, a southern city in China.Methods:An analysis was conducted of the medical records of 1922 women who had cesarean deliveries at Shantou City 2nd People's Hospital between January 1990 and December 1997. The medical records of 10,490 women who gave birth during this period were examined.Results:The average rate of cesarean delivery during the 8-year period was 19.4 ± 2.3 percent (means ± standard error). From 1990 to 1997 the cesarean delivery rates ranged from 11.05 to 29.9 percent, respectively, although during this period the total annual number of deliveries decreased significantly from 1683 to 951. The rates of the most common indications per 100 women for cesarean delivery were failure to progress (23%), premature rupture of membranes (20%), fetal distress (19.4%), breech presentation (18.1%), uterine scar (14.6%), and prolonged pregnancy (11.3%).Conclusion:The cesarean delivery rate in Shantou, China, has increased steadily and significantly between 1990 and 1997, despite a decrease in the total number of births during the same period. This study showed that on an individual basis vaginal delivery was often possible and reduction of the cesarean delivery rate could be achieved safely by paying greater heed to appropriate indications. [source]