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South Brazil (south + brazil)
Selected AbstractsHypericum caprifoliatum (Guttiferae) Cham.FUNDAMENTAL & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 6 2006& Schltdl.: a species native to South Brazil with antidepressant-like activity Abstract In this work, previously published and unpublished results on biological activity of Hypericum caprifoliatum, a native specie to South Brazil, are presented. Lipophilic extracts obtained from this species showed an antidepressant-like activity in mice and rat forced swimming test. Results from in vivo experiments suggest an effect on the dopaminergic transmission. Besides that, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the extract and its main component (a phloroglucinol derivative) inhibit monoamine uptake in a concentration-dependent manner, more potently to dopamine, but this effect is not related to direct binding at the uptake sites. It was also observed that a 3-day treatment with lipophilic extract prevents stress-induced corticosterone rise in mice frontal cortex but not in plasma. The lipophilic and methanolic H. caprifoliatum extracts also demonstrated antinociceptive effect, which seems to be indirectly mediated by the opioid system. These results indicate that H. caprifoliatum presents a promising antidepressant-like effect in rodents which seems to be related to a mechanism different from that of other classes of antidepressants. [source] Occurrence and risk indicators of increased probing depth in an adult Brazilian populationJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 2 2005Cristiano Susin Abstract Background/Aims: There is little information about the occurrence and risk indicators for periodontal diseases in Latin America. The present study describes the prevalence, extent and severity of periodontal probing depth (PPD) and assesses the association between demographic, behavioural and environmental risk indicators and the extent and severity of PPD in this population. Materials and Methods: The target population was urban adults aged 30 years in Rio Grande do Sul state in South Brazil. A representative sample was selected using a multi-stage, probability, cluster sampling strategy and included 853 dentate subjects 30,103 years of age. A full-mouth clinical examination was carried out at six sites per tooth on all permanent teeth, excluding third molars, and was conducted in a mobile examination centre. Results: Approximately 65% and 25% of the subjects and 19% and 5% teeth per subject had PPD 5 and 7 mm, respectively. 31.6%, 33.7% and 34.7% subjects had generalized, localized or no PPD 5 mm, respectively. Probing depth increased in prevalence with increasing age, and leveled off at around 50 years of age and beyond. PPD 5 mm was significantly higher in males than in females, and in non-Whites than in Whites. Cigarette smokers had a significantly higher occurrence of PPD 5 mm than non-smokers, and this relationship was dose dependent. A multivariate model showed that generalized PPD 5 mm was associated with subjects aged 40 years, males, non-Whites and moderate or heavy cigarette smokers (relative risk ratios: 2.0, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4 and 6.8, respectively). Conclusion: Moderate and deep probing depth was a common finding in this urban adult Brazilian population. Older age, male gender, non-White race and moderate and heavy cigarette smoking were significant risk indicators of increased PPD, and these may be useful indicators of periodontal disease high-risk groups. [source] A New Species Of The Late Triassic Rhynchosaur Hyperodapedon From The Santa Maria Formation Of South BrazilPALAEONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2000Max C. Langer A new rhynchosaur, Hyperodapedon huenei sp. nov., is described from the Upper Triassic Santa Maria Formation of the Paraná Basin, Brazil. The holotype is an almost complete skull and mandible, collected at Inhamandá, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The diagnosis of the genus Hyperodapedon Huxley is revised to include not only H. huxleyi Lydekker and H. gordoni Huxley (as generally accepted), but also the new species described here, various specimens usually assigned to ,Scaphonyx fischeri' Woodward, and ,S'. sanjuanensis Sill. H. huenei sp. nov. exhibits a number of plesiomorphic features and appears to be the least derived species of Hyperodapedon, forming a sister taxon to the remaining members of the genus. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis for the more derived rhynchosaurs is presented. ,Scaphonyx'sulcognathus Azevedo and Schultz represents the sister taxon of Hyperodapedon, while ,Rhynchosaurus'spenceri Benton is considered to be a more derived Middle Triassic rhynchosaur. key words: Rhynchosauria, Hyperodapedon, Triassic, Brazil. [source] Introduction of jundia Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard) and Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) increases the productivity of carp polyculture in southern BrazilAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 5 2008Leonardo Bolognesi Da Silva Abstract Fish polyculture is based on the assumption that each species has its own feeding niche and may increase the maximum standing crop of a pond by exploring a wider range of available food and ecological niches. In order to identify the better species ratio and to introduce jundia (JN) (Rhamdia quelen Quoy & Gaimard) and Nile tilapia (NT) (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus) in to the carp polyculture practiced in South Brazil, a 162-day experiment was conducted, in 12 250-m2 earthen ponds (1.2 m deep). Treatment I (T-I) contained 35% common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.) (CC); 35% grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes (GC); 15% silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Valenciennes (SC); and 15% bighead carp, Aristichthys nobilis Richardson (BC). Treatment II (T-II) consisted of three ponds stocked at the following ratio: 17.5% CC, 35% GC, 15% SC, 15% BC and 17.5% JN. Treatment III (T-III) consisted of three ponds with 35% CC, 35% GC, 7.5% SC, 7.5% BC and 15% NT. Treatment IV (T-IV) consisted of three ponds with 17.5% CC, 35% GC, 7.5% SC, 7.5% BC%, 17.5% JN and 15% NT. No significant correlation was found between the treatments with different species ratio and water quality parameters. The final weight of different species, in different treatments, was statistically different. The major result was the clear positive effect on growth parameters observed by the introduction of JN and/or NT in to the carp polyculture. The yield per hectare was 2083.33±183 kg ha,1 for polyculture with carp species; 2476.67±139.88 kg ha,1 following the introduction of JN only; 2801.67±111.42 kg ha,1 for isolated introduction of NT; and 2506.67±422.31 kg ha,1 for simultaneous introduction of JN and NT. The introduction of JN and/or NT had a positive effect on growth parameters when compared with carp-only polyculture. The reduction in CC ratio also had a positive effect on growth parameters. [source] Two new species of Geoplanidae (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola) of south BrazilJOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, Issue 4 2001Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet Abstract Two new species of terrestrial planarians in the family Geoplanidae, Geoplana franciscana and Notogynaphallia guaiana, from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are described. Both species have a multilayered lining in the female atrium. The study of specimens of N. goetschi, aimed at comparing it to N. guaiana, reveals the need for a re-description and review of N. goetschi. [source] Ecological distribution of terrestrial orchids in a south Brazilian Atlantic regionNORDIC JOURNAL OF BOTANY, Issue 1 2010Fernando Souza Rocha Terrestrial orchids comprise a taxonomically and ecologically varied group, ranging from tropical to subpolar regions and from wet marshy to dry sand-dune environments. An ecological survey of these plants was performed in a natural region of Rio Grande do Sul, south Brazil, namely the northern coastal plain, between the abrupt slopes of the Serra Geral and the coastal line of the Atlantic Ocean (29°01,S to 30°00,S, 49°43,W to 50°16,W). The study area presents a humid subtropical climate of the Cfa type. Mean annual temperature and precipitation range from 17.5 to 20.0°C and from 1200 to 1700,mm, respectively. The occurrence of indigenous terrestrial orchid species was recorded for six major habitats or vegetation types: bogs and marshes, peat forests, rain forests, dune forests, Butia -palm stands and coastal sand-dunes. The ecological range was defined for 39 species belonging to 23 genera, based on literature, herbarium revisions and extensive collecting along the studied area. Species richness ranged from nine species, in both coastal dunes and palm-groves, to 17 species in peat forests. A negative correlation was observed between species richness and ecological range, showing a general tendency for terrestrial orchids to be confined to one or a few habitats. Multivariate analyses indicated light (herbaceous vs woody vegetation) as a primary ecological factor, and soil drainage (sandy vs peaty substrates) as a secondary factor controlling terrestrial orchid distribution. [source] | ||||||||||||||||