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Baltic States (baltic + states)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	62%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	25%

Selected Abstracts

Foreign Banks in Transition Countries: To Whom Do They Lend and How Are They Financed?

FINANCIAL MARKETS, INSTITUTIONS & INSTRUMENTS, Issue 4 2006
Ralph De Haas
We use focused interviews with managers of foreign parent banks and their affiliates in Central Europe and the Baltic States to analyze the small-business lending and internal capital markets of multinational financial institutions. Our approach allows us to complement the standard empirical literature, which has difficulty in analyzing important issues such as lending technologies and capital allocation. We find that the acquisition of local banks by foreign banks has not led to a persistent bias in these banks' credit supply toward large multinational corporations. Instead, increased competition and the improvement of subsidiaries' lending technologies have led foreign banks to gradually expand into the SME and retail markets. Second, it is demonstrated that local bank affiliates are strongly influenced by the capital allocation and credit steering mechanisms of the parent bank. [source]

The Strength of Perpetrators,The Holocaust in Western Europe, 1940,1944

GOVERNANCE, Issue 2 2002
Wolfgang Seibel
On average, two-thirds of the Jews in German-controlled territory during World War II did not survive. However, the degree of victimization varied considerably, depending on the area examined. In Poland, the Baltic States, the Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia, Greece, the territories of Yugoslavia and the Netherlands, more than 70 percent of Jews were killed. In Hungary and the occupied territories of the Soviet Union, the number of Jews killed was close to the average. In Belgium, Norway, France, Italy, Luxembourg, and Denmark, a majority of the Jews survived. At the same time, the structure of Nazi rule over Europe before and during World War II was characterized by a wide variety of administrative regimes. So far, research has not systematically linked different degrees of Jewish victimization to different kinds of administrative regimes. Did different forms of administrative regimes result in differing degrees of Jewish victimization during the Holocaust? The present paper presents both evidence and an operationalization for a related general hypothesis. [source]

The Supply-Side Model of Religion: The Nordic and Baltic States

JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION, Issue 1 2000
Steve Bruce
The paper uses the fortunes of religion in the Nordic and Baltic States to identify weakness s in the supply-side model of religious behaviour promoted by Stark, Finke and Iannaccone. Changes in religious observance in the Nordic countries over the twentieth century, and comparisons between them, contradict a number of supply-side propositions. Comparisons between the Baltic states similarly show no support for supply-side claims. Instead both clusters suggest that the fate of religion owes more to its links with ethnicity, national consciousness and national conflict and to the theology and ecclesiology of the religion in question than to issues of state regulation. [source]

European Enlargement and Agro-Food Trade

CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, Issue 4 2008
tefan Bojnec
This paper investigates the level, composition, and differences in the dynamics of revealed comparative advantage and trade specialization patterns of the 12 new member states (NMS-12) as part of the enlarged European Union 27 countries (EU-27). The NMS-12 are classified into four country groups: the Baltic States, the CEFTA-5, and the Mediterranean and the Balkan regions. The empirical analysis employs a regression framework, a duration analysis, Markov transition probability matrices, and mobility indices. Trade increases with the EU enlargement and so does revealed comparative advantage in agro-food products. There are catching-up difficulties, as indicated by revealed comparative advantage, in higher added-value processed products. Le présent article examine le degré, la composition et les différences de la dynamique des avantages comparatifs révélés ainsi que les caractéristiques de la spécialisation du commerce des douze nouveaux pays membres (NPM-12) de l'Union européenne élargie (UE,27). Les 12 nouveaux pays membres sont divisés en quatre groupes: les États baltiques, les cinq pays membres de l'ALECE, la région de la Méditerranée et la région des Balkans. L'analyse empirique utilise un modèle de régression, une analyse de durée, des matrices de probabilités des transitions (Markov) et des indices de mobilité. Les échanges augmentent avec l'élargissement de l'UE tout comme les avantages comparatifs révélés des produits agroalimentaires. On observe des difficultés de rattrapage, comme l'indique l'avantage comparatif révélé, dans le cas des produits transformés à forte valeur ajoutée. [source]

The genus Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) in Europe with exclusion of the former Soviet Union,

FEDDES REPERTORIUM, Issue 5-6 2008
D. Podlech Prof. Dr.
A modern treatment of the European species of the genus Astragalus with complete descriptions of all species and a key is given. Excluded are the species which occur only in the former Soviet Union (Baltic states, White Russia, Ukraine, Moldavia and Russia itself) and those of Turkey in Europe, because these will by treated by Andrej Sytin (St. Petersburg) in a special paper and due to the fact, that I could not investigate enough material of all the species concerned. 112 species will be treated here. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) Die Gattung Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) in Europa unter Ausschluss der früheren Sowjetunion Eine moderne Bearbeitung der europäischen Arten der Gattung Astragalus mit vollständigen Beschreibungen aller Arten und einem Bestimmungsschlüssel wird vorgelegt. Ausgeschlossen sind diejenigen Arten, welche nur in der ehemaligen Sowjetunion (Baltische Staaten, Belarus/Weißrussland, Ukraine, Moldavien und Russland selbst) sowie der Europäischen Türkei vorkommen, weil sie von Andrej Sytin (St. Petersburg) in einer eigenen Arbeit behandelt werden und ich selbst zuwenig Material derselben untersuchen konnte. 112 Arten werden hier behandelt. [source]

The Supply-Side Model of Religion: The Nordic and Baltic States

Language, history and the nation: an historical approach to evaluating language and cultural claims

NATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 2 2008
VICKI SPENCER
ABSTRACT. In contrast to the abstract commitment to individual rights found in liberal critics of Bill 101 and the equally ahistorical approach of multicultural theorists like Bhikhu Parekh, this paper proposes that the particular historical circumstances surrounding the current minority status of different groups is crucial in evaluating the legitimacy of one cultural group to promote its cultural needs over another group within existing states. When the culture of a group residing within a particular state is secure in a neighbouring jurisdiction, the issue at stake is not necessarily the survival of a unique culture but the cultural needs of particular individuals. It does not follow that they have no legitimate claims against the state. However, in examining the language policies in Quebec and the newly independent Baltic states, it is argued that they are different in kind to the rights due to long-standing communities struggling for linguistic survival. [source]