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Sound Knowledge (sound + knowledge)
Selected AbstractsNursing practice and oral fluid intake of older people with dementiaJOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING, Issue 21 2008Sandra Ullrich Aim., This paper describes the findings of a descriptive study about what nurses do to ensure that older people with dementia have adequate hydration. Background., Frail nursing home residents, particularly those who cannot accurately communicate their thirst as a result of Alzheimer's disease and who depend on nursing staff for their fluid intake, are at risk of dehydration. While the interventions that promote nutrition in older people with dementia are documented, the specific interventions for improving oral hydration in older people with dementia remain poorly studied and understood. Design., Observational study. Methods., Ten care workers and seven residents were observed for the types of behavioural nursing interventions and assistance provided to residents when promoting oral fluid intake. Observational data were compared with resident-care plans to determine whether what was carried out by care workers was consistent with what was being documented. Results., Care workers provided a wide variety of behavioural interventions to the residents when promoting oral fluid intake. The resident-care plans did not sufficiently represent the specific interventions implemented by care workers. Conclusions., A more rigorous approach is required in defining the specific behavioural interactions practised by care workers, which promote oral fluid intake in older people with dementia. Nurses determined the content of care documented in care plans, yet they were not the predominant implementers of that care. Care plans need to be accurate in terms of the specific nursing actions that respond to the level of assistance required by the resident, both behaviourally and physically. Relevance to clinical practice., Sound knowledge and reflective practices should be implemented by care workers of the nursing interventions that promote adequate oral fluid intake. Care plans should serve a dual purpose and facilitate communication between staff members and provide sufficient flexibility to allow for the contribution of novel ways in which to promote oral fluid intake while also being educative. [source] Mandibular first premolar with two roots and three canalsAUSTRALIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 1 2010Saravanan Poorni bds Abstract This case report presents a relatively uncommon clinical case of a mandibular premolar with two roots and three canals. The possibility of additional root canals should be considered even in teeth with a low frequency of abnormal root canal anatomy. Sound knowledge of root canal anatomy, appropriate assessment of the pulp chamber floor, critical interpretation of radiographs and high-magnification examinations are highly desirable to achieve the best possible outcome in complicated root canal therapy. [source] Growth in Precursor and Reading-Related Skills: Do Low-Achieving and IQ-Discrepant Readers Develop Differently?LEARNING DISABILITIES RESEARCH & PRACTICE, Issue 1 2002Kimberly J. O'Malley Poor readers who met low achievement and IQ-discrepancy definitions of reading disability were compared with nonimpaired readers on their development of eight precursor and reading-related skills to evaluate developmental differences prior to students' identification as reading disabled. Results indicated no evidence for differences between the two groups of poor readers in the development of the eight skills, with three exceptions. Students in the IQ-discrepant group demonstrated greater growth in letter sound knowledge, greater mean performance in visual-motor integration at the beginning of first grade, and greater deceleration in rapid naming of letters. When compared to the nonimpaired group, low-achieving readers demonstrated poorer performance and development in all skills, while the IQ-discrepant readers demonstrated poorer performance and development in phonemic awareness, rapid naming of letters and objects, spelling, and word reading. The largely null results for comparisons between the two groups of poor readers challenges the validity of the two-group classification of reading disabilities based on IQ-discrepancy. [source] The Recent Double Paradigm Shift in Restoration EcologyRESTORATION ECOLOGY, Issue 2 2007Vicky M. Temperton Abstract The fields of ecology and ecological restoration possess an enormous potential for cross-fertilization of ideas and information. Ecology could play a major role in informing practical restoration, whereas restoration projects, often situated in quite extreme environments, provide an excellent opportunity to test ecological theories. Efforts to base restoration on more of a scientific foundation, however, have recently started gathering momentum, following the call for such a link by Tony Bradshaw in 1987. On another level, as we gather more experience and information from restoration projects, it is becoming equally clear that often neglected socioeconomic and political aspects of restoration should not be forgotten in the overall approach to restoration. The two paradigm shifts in ecological restoration, toward more scientific foundation and better inclusion of socioeconomic limits and opportunities, locate restoration firmly in the transdisciplinary arena, with all the concomitant challenges and opportunities. In this sense, ecological restoration could be compared to the medical profession, where both a sound knowledge of science and human nature are a prerequisite for success in healing. [source] Anatomical variations of the extrahepatic biliary tree: Review of the world literatureCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 3 2001M. Lamah Abstract The anatomy facing a surgeon during cholecystectomy involves complex relationships between the hepatic artery, extrahepatic biliary tree, and gallbladder. A sound knowledge of the normal anatomy of the extrahepatic biliary tract is thus essential in the prevention of operative injury to it. Equally important, however, is an understanding of congenital variation of biliary and vascular anatomy, as the literature abounds with reports of specific anatomical variations, and their operative implications. This article reviews the world literature on congenital variation of extrahepatic biliary anatomy. Clin. Anat. 14:167,172, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 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