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Sol.
Kinds of Sol. Selected AbstractsBIODIVERSITY OF CORALLINE ALGAE IN THE NORTHEASTERN ATLANTIC INCLUDING CORALLINA CAESPITOSA SP.JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 1 2009NOV. (CORALLINOIDEAE, RHODOPHYTA) The Corallinoideae (Corallinaceae) is represented in the northeastern Atlantic by Corallina officinalis L.; Corallina elongata J. Ellis et Sol.; Haliptilon squamatum (L.) H. W. Johans., L. M. Irvine et A. M. Webster; and Jania rubens (L.) J. V. Lamour. The delimitation of these geniculate coralline red algae is based primarily on morphological characters. Molecular analysis based on cox1 and 18S rRNA gene phylogenies supported the division of the Corallinoideae into the tribes Janieae and Corallineae. Within the Janieae, a sequence difference of 46,48 bp (8.6%,8.9%) between specimens of H. squamatum and J. rubens in the cox1 phylogeny leads us to conclude that they are congeneric. J. rubens var. rubens and J. rubens var. corniculata (L.) Yendo clustered together in both phylogenies, suggesting that for those genes, there was no genetic basis for the morphological variation. Within the Corallineae, it appears that in some regions, the name C. elongata has been misapplied. C. officinalis samples formed two clusters that differed by 45,54 bp (8.4%,10.0%), indicating species-level divergence, and morphological differences were sufficient to define two species. One of these clusters was consistent with the morphology of the type specimen of C. officinalis (LINN 1293.9). The other species cluster is therefore described here as Corallina caespitosa sp. nov. This study has demonstrated that there is a clear need for a revision of the genus Corallina to determine the extent of "pseudocryptic" diversity in this group of red algae. [source] Recent and forthcoming publications in pss: phys. stat. sol. (RRL) 6/2008PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI - RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS, Issue 6 2008Article first published online: 4 DEC 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Conference calendar: phys. stat. sol. (RRL) 6/2008PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI - RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS, Issue 6 2008Article first published online: 4 DEC 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Information for authors: phys. stat. sol. (RRL) 5/2008PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI - RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS, Issue 5 2008Article first published online: 15 OCT 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Recent and forthcoming publications in pss: phys. stat. sol. (RRL) 4/2008PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI - RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS, Issue 4 2008Article first published online: 25 JUL 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Conference calendar: phys. stat. sol. (RRL) 2/1PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI - RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS, Issue 1 2008Article first published online: 7 JAN 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Information for authors: phys. stat. sol. (RRL) 2/1PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI - RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS, Issue 1 2008Article first published online: 7 JAN 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Conference calendar: phys. stat. sol. (RRL) 6/2007PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI - RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS, Issue 6 2007Article first published online: 30 OCT 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Information for authors: phys. stat. sol. (RRL) 5/2007PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI - RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS, Issue 5 2007Article first published online: 1 OCT 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Recent and forthcoming publications in pss: phys. stat. sol. (RRL) 4/2007PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI - RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS, Issue 4 2007Article first published online: 16 JUL 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Information for authors: phys. stat. sol. (RRL) 3/2007PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI - RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS, Issue 3 2007Article first published online: 10 MAY 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Cover Picture: phys. stat. sol. (RRL) 1/2007PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI - RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS, Issue 1 2007Article first published online: 6 NOV 200 In the Rapid Research Letter on p. R37 Musubu Ichikawa et al. report very high electron mobility above 10,3 cm2/Vs in the electron transporting material bipyridyl substituted oxadiazole (Bpy-OXD). These favourable electrical properties make the amorphous molecular semiconductor promising for potential applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), flatpanel displays and lighting. The authors also give reasons , by means of computational chemistry , why this planar material forms stable amorphous solid films. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Preface: phys. stat. sol. (a) 205/8PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 8 2008Guest Editor Elvira Fortunato Advances in Transparent Electronics: From Materials to Devices II This issue of physica status solidi contains selected papers presented in Symposium I "Advances in Transparent Electronics: From Materials to Devices II" at the European Materials Research Society Spring Meeting held in Strasbourg, France, from 28 May to 1 June 2007. This was the second meeting in Europe covering this topic. It was attended by scientists from 33 different countries, with special emphasis to the Republic of South Korea and Japan (20% and 10%, respectively, of the total of papers presented). The symposium programme consisted of 9 invited talks, 45 oral presentations and 122 poster presentations, in total 176 contributions, from which 60 were selected for publication in the proceedings, representing nearly 35% of the submitted communications. Topics ranging from the fundamental understanding of physical phenomena to materials and devices have been covered, with special emphasis on the following ones: ,,Materials and processing for transparent electronics ,,Characterization and modelling ,,New devices (nano, micro and macro) ,,New applications The success of this symposium was the result of the contributions of many dedicated people. It is a pleasure for me to thank the symposium organizers (H. Hosono, Japan, J. Wager, USA, G. Kiriakidis, Greece, and S. Y. Lee, Korea) for their availability and help during the preparation and follow up of this symposium as well as all the individual referees, who donated their time to help making this a successful and scientific strong contribution for the international community on transparent electronics. I also would like to thank the two voluntary symposium assistants (P. Barquinha and G. Gonçalo) who helped before, during and after the symposium. Since the work is not limited to what was done before and during the conference, I also have to emphasize a detailed, delicate and long work that has been done after the conference was over, in close cooperation with Prof. Martin Stutzmann and Dr. Stefan Hildebrandt, for the edition of this special issue. I also would like to thank the E-MRS staff (C. Kocher and S. Schoeffter) for the unlimited time, energy and professionalism given for the success of this symposium. Without their assistance the symposium would not have been the success that it was. I also gratefully acknowledge the financial support of our main sponsors who made the symposium possible: ,,FCT-UNL, Portugal ,,Hewlett-Packard, Ireland ,,Horiba Jobin Yvon, France ,,Canon, Japan [source] On the improvement of the electroluminescent signal of organic light-emitting diodes by the presence of an ultrathin metal layer at the interface organic/ITOPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 3 2008J. C. Bernčde Under DOI 10.1002/pssa.200723206 erroneously a paper was published online in January 2008 which already had been published elsewhere. Please find this paper, entitled "On the improvement of the electroluminescent signal of organic light emitting diodes by the presence of an ultra-thin metal layer at the interface organic/ITO" by J. C. Bernčde, F. Martinez, G. Neculqueo, and L. Cattin under DOI 10.1002/pssr.200701217, published in phys. stat. sol. (RRL) 2, No. 1, 10,12 (2008). (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Comment on "Transport Properties of Tl5Te3 Single Crystals" [phys. stat. sol. (a) Vol.PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 3 2007329 (2002)], No. Abstract Recently, Gamal et al. [phys. stat. sol. (a) 191, 322 (2002)] reported the results of electrical conductivity, Hall effect and thermoelectric power (TEP) measurements on Tl5Te3 single crystals. The samples used in the study were p-type semiconductors. From the experimental data for the temperature dependence of TEP, Gamal et al. determined the values of 1.6 × 10,41 kg and 1.5 × 10,40 kg, respectively, for the effective masses of electrons and holes in p-type Tl5Te3, which are about ten orders of magnitude smaller than the free electron mass, 9.11 × 10,31 kg. We argue that the anomalously small values obtained for the effective mass of charge carriers in Tl5Te3 have no physical significance. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Optimization of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs for high frequency operationPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 7 2006T. Palacios In the article [1] featured at Editor's Choice, the structure and processing of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have been optimized for maximum small signal gain at high frequencies. The cover picture combines the sample structure , shown schematically and in a scanning electron microscopy image , with the band diagram of the sample with an InGaN back-barrier used to increase the electron confinement in comparison to a standard HEMT. The first author, Tomás Palacios, is currently a Project Scientist at UCSB. His research interest focuses on the search of novel GaN-based transistors for mm-wave applications and biological sensors. He is one of the winners of the physica status solidi Young Researcher Awards for his outstanding presentation at the 6th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors held in Bremen, Germany, in 2005. Further articles from ICNS-6 will also be published in phys. stat. sol. (b) 243, No. 7 (2006) and phys. stat. sol. (c) 3, No. 6 (2006). The present issue of phys. stat. sol. (a) as well as phys. stat. sol. (c) 3, No. 5 (2006) also contain papers presented at the International Conference on Nanoscale Magnetism (ICNM-2005) in Gebze, Turkey. [source] Editorial Note: phys. stat. sol. (a) 201/3PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 3 2004Martin Stutzmann No abstract is available for this article. [source] Editorial Note: phys. stat. sol. (a) 201/3PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 3 2004Martin Stutzmann No abstract is available for this article. [source] Editorial Note: phys. stat. sol. (a) 201/3PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 3 2004Martin Stutzmann No abstract is available for this article. [source] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference Porous Semiconductors , Science and TechnologyPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 1 2003Leigh Canham The 3rd International Conference "Porous Semiconductors , Science and Technology" (PSST-2002) took place in Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain, 10,15 March 2002. The meeting critically analyzed the progress in the field of porous semiconductors during two years that passed since the previous PSST-2000 event, whose proceedings were also published in phys. stat. sol. (a) 182, No. 1 (2000). The empha-sis was kept not only on breakthroughs in understanding the mechanism of growth and physical properties and critical issues in luminescence-related applications, but also new applications of porous semiconductors in natural and life sciences, as well in technology were presented. The conference served to join researchers active in physics and chemistry of semiconductors, optics, electrochemistry, analytical instrumentation, biochemistry and other related fields. The proceedings will be continued in the next issue of phys. stat. sol. (a) 197, No. 2 (2003). [source] 6th International Workshop on Expert Evaluation & Control of Compound Semiconductor Materials & TechnologiesPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (A) APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE, Issue 1 2003Bálint P The EXMATEC workshops are a series of biannial conferences with the aim to bring together research and development specialists involved in compound semiconductor material physics, chemistry, process technology, characterization and device fabrication. EXMATEC 2002 is the continuation of successful meetings, previously held in Lyon, Parma, Freiburg, Cardiff and Heraklion. The central topics were development, improvement and application of new and advanced methods in the fabrication and evaluation of compound semiconductor materials and structures to develop understanding of the interrelationship between structural, electrical and other material properties and device characteristics, such as performance, reliability, reproducibility, lifetime, yield, etc. The conference topics apply to all compound semiconductor materials (III,V, II,VI, IV,IV, II,IV,V2), related structures and processing steps (from substrate and epitaxial growth to complete devices) and cover instrumentation and characterization issues. The full Proceedings of EXMATEC 2002 are published in the second issue of the new journal series physica status solidi , conferences Vol. 0, No. 2 (2003). As one representative example of the topics presented at this conference, the cover picture of the present issue issue of phys. stat. sol. (a) shows the band scheme of a typical GaInAs/AlInAs superlattice quantum cascade laser, taken from the invited paper by Razeghi and Slivken [1]. [source] Information for authors: phys. stat. sol. (b) 245/12PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 12 2008Article first published online: 19 NOV 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Information for authors: phys. stat. sol. (b) 245/9PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 9 2008Article first published online: 21 AUG 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Information for authors: phys. stat. sol. (b) 245/8PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 8 2008Article first published online: 21 JUL 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Preface: phys. stat. sol. (b) 245/3PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 3 2008Christopher W. Smith This is the third Special Issue of physica status solidi (b) focusing on materials with a negative Poisson's ratio or other ,anomalous' physical properties. This issue contains selected papers from the First International Conference on Auxetics and Anomalous Systems held at the University of Exeter, UK, on 4,6 September 2006. Around 50 participants from all over the world as well as from a wide range of scientific and engineering disciplines contributed to what was a highly successful conference. This conference follows in the footsteps of two previous workshops held at the Mathematical Research and Conference Centre in B,dlewo near Pozna,, Poland, in 2004 and 2005 [1, 2]. The papers selected for this issue publish recent results obtained for ,anomalous systems' in experiment, theory and computer simulations. In the following we summarize very briefly their contents. Alderson and Coenen compare the performance of auxetic composites to similar systems with conventional positive Poisson's ratios. They find that there are indeed differences which appear to arise from the change of the overall Poisson's ratio of the composite, some beneficial like a rise in impact tolerance at low impact rates, and others deleterious such as the reduced tolerance at higher impact rates. This is one of the first investigations of possible applications for auxetic materials. The two papers by Gaspar and Koenders both examine the effects of disorder upon anomalous properties, especially negative Poisson's ratio. In the first one Gaspar demonstrates how a mean strain estimate fails to predict negative values of Poisson's ratio because of an inability to account for local fluctuations in elastic properties. For instance it is shown that the volume fraction of auxetic regions in an globally auxetic material (measured experimentally) are smaller than a mean strain homogenisation would require. Koenders and Gaspar explore the elastic properties, and especially Poisson's ratio, of a heterogeneous 2D network of bending beams. They predict auxetic behaviour arising from localised disorder in the packing, and therefore effective locally aggregated elastic properties of the beams. In the three articles by Gatt et al. and Grima et al. models based on simple geometry are used to explain the behaviour of seemingly disparate systems, i.e. 2D honeycombs systems and zeolite SiO2 networks. Two papers concerning honeycombs demonstrate relationships between elastic properties and structure and the bounds for auxetic behaviour. The paper concerning the zeolite Natrolite uses numerical force field based energy minimisation methods to simulate the response of this particular zeolite to applied forces and then simplifies the predicted properties even further by considering structural units as rigid 2D polyhedra linked by flexible hinges. In a similar vein, though using a different approach and concerning a very different form of matter, Heyes shows how the heterogeneity in an assembly of particles in a liquid can affect the elastic properties of a liquid and notably the infinite frequency Poisson's ratio. Heyes uses the Molecular Dynamics approach to simulate a Lennard,Jones fluid under various pressures, notably comparing behaviour under positive and negative pressures. In their first paper Jasiukiewicz and co-authors derive elastic constants of 2D crystals for all four classes of 2D crystalline solids: hexagonal (isotropic), quadratic, rectangular, and oblique systems. In their second paper they demonstrate conditions required for auxetic behaviour of 2D crystals. Auxetic solids are further divided into those with some negative Poisson's ratios (auxetic), all negative Poisson's ratios (completely auxetic) and no negative Poisson's ratios (non-auxetic). Lakes and Wojciechowski consider counterintuitive properties of matter, like negative compressibility, negative Poisson's ratio, negative thermal expansion, negative specific heat, and negative pressure. They present and interpret experimental observations of negative bulk modulus in pre-strained foams. They propose also a constrained microscopic model which exhibits negative compressibility. Finally, they solve a very simple thermodynamic model with negative thermal expansion. Martin et al. take a long stride toward a real world application of auxetic materials with a wide ranging study starting with numerical modelling of a wingbox section to experimental testing in a wind tunnel. They show that an auxetic core in a wing box section can allow a passive aero-elastic response which can be tailored by careful design of the core so that camber, and thus drag, is reduced with increasing airspeed but without sacrificing structural integrity. Miller et al. consider another anomalous physical property, negative thermal expansivity, and its application in the form of particulate composites for amelioration of stresses arising from thermal mismatch. They show via experiments that particles with a negative coefficient of thermal expansion may be used as a composite reinforcer to reduce overall thermal expansion and behave according to the standard volume fraction based models. Narojczyk and Wojciechowski examine the effects of disorder upon the bulk elastic properties of 3D fcc soft sphere systems in terms of particle size. Systems, such as colloids, can be thought of in such terms. The study shows that higher order moments of probability distribution do not influence the bulk elastic properties much, but that lower moments such as the standard deviation of particle size influence the elastic properties greatly. The "hardness" of the particle interaction potential is also important in this context. In general, it is shown that the effect of increasing polydispersity is to increase the Poisson's ratio, except the [110] [10] directions. Scarpa and Malischewsky in their paper on Rayleigh waves in auxetic materials show how the Rayleigh wave speed is affected by the Poisson's ratio. The behaviour is complex and depends upon the homogeneity within the material, for instance slowing with decreasing Poisson's ratio in isotropic solids, but showing the reverse trend and increased sensitivity to Poisson's ratio in laminate composites. Scarpa et al. explore the buckling behaviour of auxetic tubes via three types of model, a simple beam mechanics and Eulerian buckling model, a 3D linear elastic FE model and a bespoke non-linear continuum model. The more sophisticated models provide increasing insight into the buckling behaviour though the simple beam model predicts reasonably well in the pre-buckling linear region. Some unexpected and interesting behaviour is predicted by the continuum model as the Poisson's ratio approaches the isotropic limit of ,1, including increasing sensitivity to Poisson's ratio and rapid mode jumping between integer wave numbers. The paper by Shilko et al. presents an analysis of a particular kind of friction joint, a double lap joint, and explores the effects of altering the elastic properties of one component, in particular it's Poisson's ratio. The manuscript introduces the evolution of smart materials from monolithic materials, and the classification of composites exhibiting negative Poisson's ratios. The paper then presents the case of a double lap joint and performs a sensitivity type study, via a 2D FE model, of the effects of changing the elastic properties and degree of anisotropy of one section of the model on various parameters defining the limits of functionality of the joint. The main finding is that an enhanced shear modulus, via a negative Poisson's ratio, can endow such a friction joint with superior performance. Manufacturing of auxetic materials on a commercial scale has proved to be the largest obstacle to their fuller exploitation. The paper by Simkins et al. explores one route for post processing of auxetic polymers fibres produced by a conventional melt extrusion route. Simkins et al. showed that a post process thermal annealing treatment, with carefully optimised parameters, was able to even out otherwise inhomogenous auxetic properties, and moreover improve other elastic and fracture properties often sacrificed for auxetic behaviour. We gratefully acknowledge the support given by the sponsors of the conference, namely the EPSRC of the UK and Auxetic Technologies Ltd. (UK). We also thank the Scientific Committee, the Organising Committee, and all the participants of the conference. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Structural properties of ZnO polymorphs [phys. stat. sol. (b) 244, No. 5, 1538,1543 (2007)]PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 12 2007Jan Wróbel Abstract The corrected values for the band gaps Eg, width of valence p-band Wp, and d-band position Ed, calculated within the LDA+U approximation for ZnO polymorphs are provided. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Zero dimensional exciton-polaritonsPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 10 2006A. Baas The cover picture from the article [1] shows, in the left parts of the three diagrams, the measured photoluminescence intensity as a function of energy and emission angle for a 3 ,m (left diagram), 9 ,m (middle diagram) and 19 ,m-diameter quasi-circular mesa (right diagram). The white lines are the energy dispersions of 2D polariton modes. For clarity, intensities above 1485 meV have been multiplied by a constant factor, as indicated. The right parts of the diagrams contain intensity plots of the simulated polariton spectral density for cylindrical mesas of the same diameters, yielding very good quantitative agreement of the 0D polariton states in the circular mesas. This confirms the coexistence of 0D and 2D microcavity polaritons in these semiconductor structures. This paper is an invited presentation from the 8th International Workshop on Nonlinear Optics and Excitation Kinetics. Further articles from NOEKS 8 are published in phys. stat. sol. (c) 3, No. 7 (2006). [source] Structural evaluation of GaN/sapphire grown by epitaxial lateral overgrowth by X-ray microdiffractionPHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 7 2006M. Drakopoulos The cover picture from the article [1] depicts the geometry of X-ray diffraction on a GaN/sapphire structure made by a two-step epitaxial lateral overgrowth (2S-ELO) process. Below, the X-ray rocking curve as a function of the vertical beam position in 2S-ELO GaN/sapphire is shown. A low intensity line diverging from the main peak position (arrow) may be interpreted as the disappearance of a winged crystal region due to dislocation curvature. This paper is a presentation from the 6th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors held in Bremen, Germany, in 2005. Further articles from ICNS-6 are also being published in phys. stat. sol. (a) 203, No. 7 (2006) and phys. stat. sol. (c) 3, No. 6 (2006). [source] Comment on "A simplified model to calculate the higher surface energy of free-standing nanocrystals" [phys. stat. sol. (b) 242, No. 8, R76,R78 (2005)]PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 15 2005W. H. Qi Abstract In the Rapid Research Letter by Dan Xie et al. [phys. stat. sol. (b) 242, R76,R78 (2005)], a method is developed to calculate the higher surface energy of free-standing nanoparticles. However, due to errors in the formula manipulation and improper calculation of the surface-to-volume ratio, the surface energy of nanoparticles is overestimated. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Comment on "Dipolar interaction energy for a system of magnetic nanoparticles" [phys. stat. sol. (b) 241, No. 13, 3022,3028 (2004)]PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI (B) BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS, Issue 14 2005Ke Tang Abstract It is pointed out that there exist singularities in the equations describing the dipolar interaction energy derived by S. Lamba. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) See original phys. stat. sol. (b) Vol. 241, No. 13, 3022,3028 (2004) [source] | ||||||||||