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Solid Understanding (solid + understanding)
Selected AbstractsDifferentiability of Lieb functional in electronic density functional theoryINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, Issue 10 2007Paul E. Lammert Abstract A solid understanding of the Lieb functional FL is important because of its centrality in the foundations of electronic density functional theory. A basic question is whether directional derivatives of FL at an ensemble-V-representable density are given by (minus) the potential. A widely accepted purported proof that FL is Gâteaux differentiable at EV-representable densities would say, "yes." But that proof is fallacious, as shown here. FL is not Gâteaux differentiable in the normal sense, nor is it continuous. By means of a constructive approach, however, we are able to show that the derivative of FL at an EV-representable density ,0 in the direction of ,1 is given by the potential if ,0 and ,1 are everywhere strictly greater than zero, and they and the ground state wave function have square integrable derivatives through second order. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007 [source] IT: What's the impact of IFRS?JOURNAL OF CORPORATE ACCOUNTING & FINANCE, Issue 5 2010Royce D. Burnett Everyone is anticipating the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) in the United States. But companies are slowly beginning to realize that conversion to IFRSs will require some complicated, far-reaching changes for firms' information technology (IT) systems. In fact, this may be more costly and disruptive than Y2K and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act combined! Senior managers will need a solid understanding of IFRSs and a workable plan to deal with the conversion process for IT. This article provides guidance for both those challenges. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] The Elimination of Trans Fats from Spreads: How Science Helped to Turn an Industry AroundaNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 6 2006Onno Korver PhD Mensink and Katan showed in 1990 that trans fats reduce high- and increase low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Unilever aided this study because the company considered knowledge on trans fats incomplete in spite of their long history of safe use. The decision in 1994 to remove trans fats from Unilever's retail spreads was triggered by media events, but it was built on a solid understanding of the nutritional and technological aspects of trans fats. Over the next 14 years, manufacturers worldwide followed suit. This experience illustrates that food companies need to know about the health effects of their products and how to apply that knowledge. [source] Toward Understanding the Mechanism of Chromophore-assisted Laser Inactivation,Evidence for the Primary Photochemical Steps,PHOTOCHEMISTRY & PHOTOBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2005Elke Horstkotte ABSTRACT Chromophore-assisted laser inactivation (CALI) is a lightmediated technique used to selectively inactivate proteins of interest to elucidate their biological function. CALI has potential applications to a wide array of biological questions, and its efficiency allows for high-throughput application. A solid understanding of its underlying photochemical mechanism is still missing. In this study, we address the CALI mechanism using a simplified model system consisting of the enzyme ,-galactosidase as target protein and the common dye fluorescein. We demonstrate that protein photoinactivation is independent from dye photobleaching and provide evidence that the first singlet state of the chromophore is the relevant transient state for the initiation of CALI. Furthermore, the inactivation process was shown to be dependent on oxygen and likely to be based on photooxidation of the target protein via singlet oxygen. The simple model system used in this study may be further applied to identify and optimize other CALI chromophores. [source] Normal and abnormal fetal cardiac anatomyPRENATAL DIAGNOSIS, Issue 13 2004Andrew C. Cook Abstract The heart is often perceived as a difficult organ to understand by ultrasound during fetal life. This is undoubtedly reflected in the low detection rate of cardiac abnormalities as compared to those of most other organ systems in the fetus. In this article we start by updating classical concepts of cardiac embryology, many of which were previously difficult to understand since they were overly simplistic or purely observational. We then lead on to the structure and growth of the fully formed fetal heart where we review the anatomy and ultrasound appearances in detail and provide comparisons with major abnormalities. We emphasise the fact that a solid understanding of cardiac anatomy can enable those involved in fetal medicine to make full use of the views of the heart that are obtained by ultrasound and which are often only transient. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] A survey of folate knowledge and consumer behaviours in Western Australia prior to the introduction of mandatory food fortificationAUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 6 2009Caron Molster Abstract Objectives: Prior to the introduction of mandatory folic acid fortification in September 2009, this study collected baseline data on folate awareness, knowledge of pregnancy-relevant public health messages and consumer behaviours in Western Australia. Methods: One thousand residents aged 18 years or older participated in a cross sectional telephone survey in September 2006. Respondents were recruited randomly from the electronic residential telephone directory. Results: Most respondents reported knowing little or nothing about folate (86%). Women of childbearing age were more likely than other adults to know the association between folate intake and birth defects (82% v 56%) but 41% did not know that folate should be consumed periconceptionally to reduce the risk of spina bifida. Overall, half the respondents did not take supplements and two-thirds did not know if the food products they ate were fortified with folic acid. Associations were detected between knowledge, consumer behaviours and socio-economic indicators such as age, income, highest level of education, area of residence and parental status. Implications: A mix of public health strategies that includes mandatory fortification and the promotion of supplement use should improve the timely and sufficient intake of folate across all socio-economic strata of the Australian population. Strategies that support the introduction of mandatory fortification, such as awareness and education campaigns should be built on a solid understanding of the drivers and barriers to knowledge acquisition and desired consumer behaviours. [source] | |||||||||||||