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Solid Residue (solid + residue)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	80%

Selected Abstracts

Recycling of the solid residue obtained from the pyrolysis of fiberglass polyester sheet molding compound

ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2009
A. Torres
Abstract This paper is part of a project devoted to study the pyrolysis process as an alternative for recycling sheet molding compound (SMC), a thermoset composite of polyester and fiberglass. A standard SMC was pyrolyzed under nitrogen, at 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700°C, for 30 min in a 3.5-dm3 autoclave. This paper focuses on the possibilities of reusing the fibers and fillers contained in the solid residue obtained from SMC pyrolysis. The solid pyrolysis residue was recycled in another thermoset composite, bulk molding compound (BMC), of polyester and fiberglass. The mechanical properties of BMCs prepared with different proportions of the solid residue (fiber + CaCO3 filler) from SMC pyrolysis were compared with those of BMCs prepared with the same proportions of virgin fiber and CaCO3. In summary, pyrolysis can be an appropriate technique for recycling SMC, with 500°C, the most suitable temperature for the process. Solid residues of 75 wt%, composed of 65 wt% of powdery material (mainly CaCO3) and 35 wt% of fiberglass, were obtained. Such solids can be recycled in a proportion of 6 wt% in BMC to replace virgin filler and fiberglass, with no detrimental effect on the BMC mechanical properties. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 28:141,149, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20150 [source]

Operation of a municipal solid waste co-combustion pilot plant

ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 6 2007
V. K. C. Lee
Abstract The co-combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a novel and highly integrated design combining cement manufacturing, thermal processing of MSW and energy/electricity production (termed the Co-Co process). This novel design of the Co-Co process was developed in 2003,2004 and a pilot plant with a capacity of 40 tonnes per day was constructed and commissioned in 2005. The pilot plant was operated for a period of 10 weeks during 2005. Various feed protocols, namely, MSW as received and after removal of recyclables, were tested. Stack emissions were monitored either continuously (gas emission) or periodically (dioxins and heavy metal emissions). Solid residues including bottom ash and fly ash were also sampled and analysed for heavy metals and dioxins periodically. It was found that the levels of dioxins in the stack emissions and fly ash were below normal MSW thermal treatment processes, and government environmental and international limits (more than 1000 times less). Other gases, such CO, NOx, SOx and HCl, were also well below government environmental licence limits as defined by a best practical means (BPM). In addition, the materials recovery and recycling facility (MRRF) was tested. It demonstrated that different fractions, including metals, plastics and glass, of the MSW could be separated and recovered. The Co-Co process was successfully demonstrated and its emission levels were well below normal MSW thermal treatment processes. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Recycling of the solid residue obtained from the pyrolysis of fiberglass polyester sheet molding compound

Anaerobic biodegradation of two-phase olive mill solid wastes and liquid effluents: kinetic studies and process performance

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 9 2006
Rafael Borja
Abstract The new two-phase olive oil mills produce three identifiable and separate waste streams, namely (1) the wash waters from the initial cleansing of the fruit, (2) the aqueous solid residues from the primary centrifugation and (3) the wash waters from the secondary centrifugation. As well as offering process advantages, they also consume less water. Therefore the solid residue, two-phase olive mill solid waste (OMSW), has a high organic matter concentration, giving it an elevated polluting load, and cannot be easily handled by traditional technology which deals with the conventional three-phase olive cake. In addition, the new two-phase olive mill effluents (TPOME) are made up of a mixture of effluents (1) and (3), the total volume of TPOME generated being ,0.25 dm3 kg,1 olives processed. This review aims to report the main features and characteristics of two-phase OMSW and TPOME as compared with the classical olive cake and olive mill wastewater (OMW) derived from the three-phase manufacturing process. The advantages and disadvantages of the two-phase decanting process are summarised. The anaerobic digestibility of two-phase OMSW using different influent substrate concentrations is reported. Kinetic studies of anaerobic digestion of two-phase OMSW are also reviewed and summarised, as well as mass balances to predict the behaviour of the reactor and simplified kinetic models for studying the hydrolysis, acidogenic and methanogenic steps of one- and two-stage anaerobic digestion of OMSW. The review also includes the following: assays of anaerobic digestion of wastewaters from the washing of olives, of olive oil and the two together using fluidised beds and hybrid reactors; the kinetics, performance, stability, purification efficiencies and methane yield coefficients. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Chemical removal of PCBs from water samples under ambient conditions

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY, Issue 5 2002
Hendrik Nollet
Abstract Liquids and sludges containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can be treated to concentrate the PCBs in a solid residue. The latter can then be handled to destroy the PCBs. In the first part of this work, procedures are explored by which 2,3,4-trichlorobiphenyl (TCB) and 2,2,,3,3,,4,5,6-heptachlorobiphenyl (HeCB) are insolubilised, flocculated and removed from the water. The results demonstrate that application of Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide precipitation permits effective and reversible co-precipitation of TCB and HeCB. Fly ash from coal-fired thermal powerplants and CaO can be used as well for the rapid removal of TCB and HeCB. In the second part of this work, rapid insolubilisation followed by the degradation of TCB and HeCB by zero-valent iron powder in anaerobic batch systems is presented. Zero-valent iron was also used for the reductive dechlorination/remediation of TCB and HeCB sorbed on the fly ash and CaO particles. Overall, this paper describes a methodology to rapidly concentrate the PCBs from water and to concomitantly detoxify them in the concentrate by a chemical reductive process under ambient conditions of pH and temperature. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Colonic motility in chronic ulcerative proctosigmoiditis and the effects of nicotine on colonic motility in patients and healthy subjects

ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, Issue 5 2001
B. Coulie
Background: Nicotine decreases diarrhoea and pain in ulcerative colitis without reducing inflammation. Aims: (i) To evaluate the effect of ulcerative proctosigmoiditis on motor functions of an uninflamed segment of descending colon; and (ii) to assess nicotine's effects on colonic motor functions in patients and healthy subjects. Methods: In healthy subjects (n=30) and patients with ulcerative colitis (13; 11 active, two quiescent colitis), we studied the effects of intravenous nicotine on colonic transit of solid residue by scintigraphy (healthy subjects) and on colonic motility in healthy subjects and 11 patients. Results: In ulcerative colitis, fasting colonic motility was increased, whereas motor response to a meal was significantly reduced; compliance was unchanged. In healthy subjects, high-dose nicotine induced transient high amplitude propagated contractions and relaxation of the descending colon followed by decreased phasic contractions. This dose also accelerated colonic transit. Low-dose nicotine (mimicking a transdermal nicotine patch) reduced colonic compliance in healthy subjects, but did not affect motor function in ulcerative colitis. Conclusions: Ulcerative proctosigmoiditis increases fasting colonic motility and reduces tone response to a meal in the descending colon without affecting colonic compliance, suggesting changes in physiological responses but not intrinsic wall properties. Nicotine has dose-dependent effects on colonic motor activity in healthy subjects. [source]

Bauxite manufacturing residues from Gardanne (France) and Portovesme (Italy) exert different patterns of pollution and toxicity to sea urchin embryos

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 6 2002
Giovanni Pagano
Abstract This study was designed to investigate the composition and toxicity of solid residues from bauxite manufacturing plants. Soil and dust samples were collected in the proximity of two bauxite plants (Gardanne, France, and Portovesme, Italy). Samples were analyzed for their content of some selected inorganic contaminants by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) either following acid digestion procedures or by seawater release of soluble components. Toxicity was tested by sea urchin bioassays to evaluate a set of toxicity endpoints including acute embryotoxicity, developmental defects, changes in sperm fertilization success, transmissible damage from sperm to the offspring, and cytogenetic abnormalities. Inorganic analysis showed two distinct sets of inorganic contaminants in Gardanne versus Portovesme, including Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ti, and Zn; sample composition (seawater-soluble cotaminants) and toxicity showed a noteworthy association. The most severe toxicity to embryogenesis and to sperm fertilization success was exerted by some Portovesme samples (0.03,0.5% w/v), with a significant association between toxicity and dose-related seawater release of Zn, Pb, and Mn. Seawater extraction of a toxic dust sample (G20) from the Gardanne factory showed increasing seawater release of Al, Fe, and Mn; the G20 sample, at the level of 0.5%, affected both developing sea urchin embryos and sperm (offspring quality). Soil samples around the Gardanne factory showed the highest frequency of toxic soil sites eastward from the factory. The present data point to solid deposition from bauxite plants as a potential subject of environmental health concern. The results suggest that extraction methods for evaluating the toxicity of complex mixtures should be based on the environmental availability of mixture components. The differences in sample toxicity among the tested sites, however, suggest possible site-to-site variability in geochemical and/or technological parameters. [source]

Anaerobic biodegradation of two-phase olive mill solid wastes and liquid effluents: kinetic studies and process performance

Synthesis, Thermal Decomposition and Sensitivity Study of CsDNBF

PROPELLANTS, EXPLOSIVES, PYROTECHNICS, Issue 1 2007
Shaozong Wang
Abstract CsDNBF (cesium 7-hydroxy-4,6-dinitro-5,7-dihydrobenzofuroxanide) was synthesized from the sodium salt of DNBF and cesium nitrate. The thermal decomposition process has been investigated and the results show that the solid residues at 240,°C are RCOOCs, CsNCO, RNO2 and CsNO3. The sensitivity results demonstrate that CsDNBF has better properties than KDNBF, which has been widely used. [source]