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Solid Electrolyte (solid + electrolyte)
Selected AbstractsThe Effects of Moisture in Low-Voltage Organic Field-Effect Transistors Gated with a Hydrous Solid ElectrolyteADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 16 2010Nikolai Kaihovirta Abstract The concept of using ion conducting membranes (50,150 ,m thick) for gating low-voltage (1 V) organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) is attractive due to its low-cost and large-area manufacturing capabilities. Furthermore, the membranes can be tailor-made to be ion conducting in any desired way or pattern. For the electrolyte gated OFETs in general, the key to low-voltage operation is the electrolyte "insulator" (the membrane) that provides a high effective capacitance due to ionic polarization within the insulator. Hydrous ion conducting membranes are easy to process and readily available. However, the role of the water in combination with the polymeric semiconductor has not yet been fully clarified. In this work electrical and optical techniques are utilized to carefully monitor the electrolyte/semiconductor interface in an ion conducting membrane based OFET. The main findings are that 1) moisture plays a major part in the transistor operation and careful control of both the ambient atmosphere and the potential differences between the electrodes are required for stable and consistent device behavior, 2) the obtained maximum effective capacitance (5 ,F cm,2) of the membrane suggests that the electric double layer is distributed over a broad region within the polyelectrolyte, and 3) electromodulation spectroscopy combined with current,voltage characteristics provide a method to determine the threshold gate voltage from an electrostatic field-effect doping to a region of (irreversible) electrochemical perturbation of the polymeric semiconductor. [source] Electrochemical Determination of the Gibbs Energy of Formation of Na2Fe2O4 and Na3Fe5O9 Employing Na-,-Al2O3 Solid ElectrolyteJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 1 2000Girish Madhav Kale The results of isothermal equilibration and X-ray diffraction studies in Fe2O3 -rich compositions of the Na2Fe2O4,Fe2O3 pseudo-binary system suggests the coexistence of an equilibrium between ,-Na2Fe2O4 and Fe2O3 at low temperatures (923,1023 K) and Na3Fe5O9 and ,-Fe2O3 at higher temperatures (>1023 K). The Gibbs energy of formation for the interoxide compounds Na2Fe2O4 and Na3Fe5O9 has been measured using solid-state electrochemical cells that use Na-,-Al2O3 as the solid electrolyte. The electromotive force (emf) measurements are performed on cell I, which can be described as and cell II, which can be described as The temperature dependence of the steady-state emf of cells I and II can be represented as with a standard error of ±5 mV for each emf measurement. By combining the measured emf values of cells I and II with the activity of Na 2 O in ,-Al 2 O 3+ Na-,-Al 2 O 3 from the literature, the computed Gibbs energy of formation of Na 2 Fe 2 O 4 and Na 3 Fe 5 O 9 from solid Na 2 O and ,-Fe 2 O 3 can be expressed as where the standard error is ±5500 J/mol for each ,G° measurement. These uncertainty limits are due to the combined errors in the emf measurement and the thermodynamic data of the reference electrode material that have been used in the present study. [source] Preparation of Li4.4Al0.4Si0.6O4-xLi3BO3 Solid Electrolytes by Sol-Gel Method and Their Ionic ConductivityCHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 12 2002Hua-Ting Liu Abstract The Li4.4Al0.4Si0.6O4 -xLi3BO3 (x = 0 to 0.5) km conductors were prepared by the sol-gel method. The powder and sintered samples were characterized by DTA-TG, XBD, SEM and ac impedance techniques. The temperature of the preparation of powder patterns decreased by this method as compared to that of the preparation in solid state reaction. The conductivity and storability increased with Li3BO3, increasing from x = 0 to 0.2 in the Li4.4Al0.4S0.4O4-xLi3BO3, solid electrolytes. The particle size of the sintered pellets is about 0.12 ,m. The maximum conductivity at 20 °C is 3.165 × 10,5 S.cm,1 for Li4.4Al0.4Si0.6Q4 -0.2Li3BO3. [source] Ion-Conducting Probes for Low Temperature PlasmasCONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS, Issue 5-7 2008S. A. Meiss Abstract Probes interacting with a low temperature plasma are typically built of electron conducting materials, mostly metals. We apply yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) which is oxygen ion conducting at elevated temperatures and which is a typical solid electrolyte with high ionic and negligible electronic conductivity. The processes at the plasma|YSZ interface are discussed and first results of measurements with ion-conducting single- and double-probes in oxygen containing radio frequency plasmas are presented. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Nitrogen-doped zirconia single crystalsCRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 10 2006T.-C. Rödel Abstract The aim of this work is the preparation of nitrogen-doped single crystals of cation-stabilized zirconia. Thin plates of these crystals were nitrided in a graphite heated resistance furnace with nitrogen as reaction gas. Several dwell times and reaction temperatures were tested and their effect on the amount of incorporated nitrogen is investigated. During nitridation at high temperatures a rock salt-type ,ZrN' layer grows on the surface, leading to the destruction of the crystal. In contrast to the fluorite-type bulk material, which can be described as a fast anion conductor, the surface layer shows electronic conductivity. For possible applications of the bulk material (solid electrolyte) the formation of the surface layer must be avoided. Therefore, the interface between surface epilayer and bulk material was investigated in detail by electron microscopy methods. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source] Electrochemical Determination of the Gibbs Energy of Formation of Na2Fe2O4 and Na3Fe5O9 Employing Na-,-Al2O3 Solid ElectrolyteJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, Issue 1 2000Girish Madhav Kale The results of isothermal equilibration and X-ray diffraction studies in Fe2O3 -rich compositions of the Na2Fe2O4,Fe2O3 pseudo-binary system suggests the coexistence of an equilibrium between ,-Na2Fe2O4 and Fe2O3 at low temperatures (923,1023 K) and Na3Fe5O9 and ,-Fe2O3 at higher temperatures (>1023 K). The Gibbs energy of formation for the interoxide compounds Na2Fe2O4 and Na3Fe5O9 has been measured using solid-state electrochemical cells that use Na-,-Al2O3 as the solid electrolyte. The electromotive force (emf) measurements are performed on cell I, which can be described as and cell II, which can be described as The temperature dependence of the steady-state emf of cells I and II can be represented as with a standard error of ±5 mV for each emf measurement. By combining the measured emf values of cells I and II with the activity of Na 2 O in ,-Al 2 O 3+ Na-,-Al 2 O 3 from the literature, the computed Gibbs energy of formation of Na 2 Fe 2 O 4 and Na 3 Fe 5 O 9 from solid Na 2 O and ,-Fe 2 O 3 can be expressed as where the standard error is ±5500 J/mol for each ,G° measurement. These uncertainty limits are due to the combined errors in the emf measurement and the thermodynamic data of the reference electrode material that have been used in the present study. [source] Corrosion monitoring of hydrogen by HUP probe in the presence of sulphide and thioureaMATERIALS AND CORROSION/WERKSTOFFE UND KORROSION, Issue 2 2010A. Abbassi Abstract The effect of sulphide and thiourea on hydrogen uptake during the corrosion of steel in deaerated pH3 has been studied using an electrochemical hydrogen probe incorporating a solid electrolyte (HUP) and lead dioxide (PbO2) as a reference electrode. This probe has been used for the quantitative determination of the hydrogen activity generated during the corrosion of steel. The sensor voltage implies an average equivalent hydrogen pressure in uncharged steel of 2,×,10,18 atmospheres. During the corrosion of steel, this value increases by very large amounts; thus in deaerated pH3, the equivalent pressure rose by 1024.5 in the presence of 200 ppm sulphide and by 102 in the presence of 100 ppm thiourea. Weight loss and AC impedance methods were also performed under the same conditions as the hydrogen measurements. The hydrogen probe data were correlated with a.c impedance and weight loss results in order to understand the effect of S2, and thiourea on hydrogen uptake. [source] Physicochemical Properties of Ionic Clathrate HydratesCHEMISTRY - AN ASIAN JOURNAL, Issue 1 2010Kyuchul Shin Abstract Ionic clathrate hydrates are known to be formed by the enclathration of hydrophobic cations or anions into confined cages and the incorporation of counterions into the water framework. As the ionic clathrate hydrates are considered for their potential applicability in various fields, including those that involve solid electrolytes, gas separation, and gas storage, numerous studies of the ionic clathrate hydrates have been reported. This review concentrates on the physicochemical properties of the ionic clathrate hydrates and the notable characteristics of these materials regarding their potential application are addressed. [source] Preparation of Li4.4Al0.4Si0.6O4-xLi3BO3 Solid Electrolytes by Sol-Gel Method and Their Ionic ConductivityCHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 12 2002Hua-Ting Liu Abstract The Li4.4Al0.4Si0.6O4 -xLi3BO3 (x = 0 to 0.5) km conductors were prepared by the sol-gel method. The powder and sintered samples were characterized by DTA-TG, XBD, SEM and ac impedance techniques. The temperature of the preparation of powder patterns decreased by this method as compared to that of the preparation in solid state reaction. The conductivity and storability increased with Li3BO3, increasing from x = 0 to 0.2 in the Li4.4Al0.4S0.4O4-xLi3BO3, solid electrolytes. The particle size of the sintered pellets is about 0.12 ,m. The maximum conductivity at 20 °C is 3.165 × 10,5 S.cm,1 for Li4.4Al0.4Si0.6Q4 -0.2Li3BO3. [source] | ||||||||||||||||