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Socioeconomic Disadvantage (socioeconomic + disadvantage)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

PUTTING VIOLENCE IN ITS PLACE: THE INFLUENCE OF RACE, ETHNICITY, GENDER, AND PLACE ON THE RISK FOR VIOLENCE,

CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 1 2001
JANET L. LAURITSEN
Research Summary: This research shows that non-Latino black, non-Latino white, and Latino males and females in the U.S. experience significantly different levels of stranger and non-stranger violence, and that these forms of non-lethal violence are especially pronounced in areas with high levels of socioeconomic disadvantage. Many of the differences between these groups are eliminated once community and other individual characteristics are taken into account. Policy Implications: The results suggest that victimization resources should be geographically targeted at places with high levels of poverty and single-parent families, and that the most stable institutions within these communities be drawn upon to deliver information about victimization prevention and services. [source]

The urban and rural divide for women giving birth in NSW, 1990,1997

AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Issue 3 2000
Christine L. Roberts
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in the pregnancy profile and outcomes of urban and rural women. METHODS: Data were obtained from the NSW Midwives Data Collection on births in NSW, 1990,1997. Associations between place of residence (urban/rural) and maternal factors and pregnancy outcomes were examined, including changes over time. RESULTS: From 1990 to 1997 there were 685,631 confinements in NSW and these mothers resided as follows: 76% metropolitan, 5% large rural centres, 8% small rural centres, 11% other rural areas and 1% remote areas. Rural mothers were more likely to be teenagers, multiparous, without a married or de facto partner, public patients and smokers. Births in rural areas declined, particularly among women aged 20,34 years. Infants born to mothers in remote communities were at increased odds of stillbirth and tow Apgar scores (all women) and small,for,gestational,age (SGA) (Indigenous women only). CONCLUSIONS: The profile of pregnant women in rural NSW is different from their urban counterparts and is consistent with relative socioeconomic disadvantage and possibly suboptimal maternity services in some areas. While increased risk of SGA is associated with environmental factors such as smoking and nutrition, the reasons for increased risk of stillbirth are unclear. Although there does not appear to be an increased risk of preterm birth for rural women this may be masked by transfer of high,risk pregnancies interstate. IMPLICATIONS: Maternity services need to be available and accessible to all rural women with targeting of interventions known to reduce low birthweight and perinatal death. [source]

Gender, socioeconomic status, need or access?

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 2 2009
Differences in statin prescribing across urban, remote Australia, rural
Abstract Objectives:,To assess differences in statin prescribing across Australia by geographic area. Design, setting and participants:,A cross-sectional study using Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data on statin prescribing by rurality, gender and patient postcode for the period May to December 2002. Participants were the Australian population, stratified by gender, quintile of index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage and rural, remote and metropolitan areas classification. Results:,Statin prescribing (scripts per 1000 population per month) was higher in urban areas (women, 51.915; men, 51.892) than in rural (women, 48.311; men, 48.098) or remote (women, 39.679; men, 34.145) areas. In urban areas, weighted least squares regression analysis showed a significant negative linear association between statin prescribing and socioeconomic status for both women (weighted least squares slope, ,3.358; standard error (SE) 0.057; P < 0.0001) and men (slope, ,0.507; SE 0.056; P < 0.0001). A similar association occurred in rural areas: women (slope, ,4.075; SE 0.122; P < 0.0001) and men (slope, ,3.455; SE 0.117; P < 0.0001), but not in remote areas where there was a positive linear association (slope, 3.120; SE 0.451; P < 0.0001) and men (slope, 3.098; SE 0.346; P < 0.0001). Conclusion:,Our results suggest differences in statin prescribing in Australia across geographic location, adjusting for age, gender and socioeconomic status. Implications:,These findings suggest that health inequalities due to geography should be addressed. [source]

Influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on rural health

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH, Issue 1 2009
John R. Beard
Abstract Objective:,To provide a framework for investigating the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on rural health. Design:,Discussion paper. Results:,Socioeconomic and cultural factors have long been thought to influence an individual's health. We suggest a framework for characterising these factors that comprises individual-level (e.g. individual socioeconomic status, sex, race) and neighbourhood-level dimensions (population composition, social environment, physical environment) operating both independently and through interaction. Recent spatial research suggests that in rural communities, socioeconomic disadvantage and indigenous status are two of the greatest underlying influences on health status. However, rural communities also face additional challenges associated with access to, and utilisation of, health care. The example is given of procedural angiography for individuals with an acute coronary event. Conclusions:,Socioeconomic and cultural factors specific to rural Australia are key influences on the health of residents. These range from individual-level factors, such as rural stoicism, poverty and substance use norms, to neighbourhood-level social characteristics, such as lack of services, migration out of rural areas of younger community members weakening traditionally high levels of social cohesion, and to environmental factors, such as climate change and access to services. [source]