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Socioeconomic Development (socioeconomic + development)
Selected AbstractsThe theory of human development: A cross-cultural analysisEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2003CHRISTIAN WELZEL This article demonstrates that socioeconomic development, emancipative cultural change and democratization constitute a coherent syndrome of social progress , a syndrome whose common focus has not been properly specified by classical modernization theory. We specify this syndrome as ,human development', arguing that its three components have a common focus on broadening human choice. Socioeconomic development gives people the objective means of choice by increasing individual resources; rising emancipative values strengthen people's subjective orientation towards choice; and democratization provides legal guarantees of choice by institutionalizing freedom rights. Analysis of data from the World Values Surveys demonstrates that the linkage between individual resources, emancipative values and freedom rights is universal in its presence across nations, regions and cultural zones; that this human development syndrome is shaped by a causal effect of individual resources and emancipative values on freedom rights; and that this effect operates through its impact on elite integrity, as the factor which makes freedom rights effective. [source] Helicobacter pylori Infection may be Implicated in the Topography and Geographic Variation of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers in the Taihang Mountain High-Risk Region in Northern ChinaHELICOBACTER, Issue 5 2010Denggui Wen Abstract Backgrounds:,Helicobacter pylori infection is prevalent in China. Chronic infection of the bacterial not only causes distal stomach cancer, but also confers risk to gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Because H. pylori infection is inversely associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma, globally the infection rate is significantly correlated with the ratio of squamous carcinoma to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. These agree with the topography of upper gastrointestinal cancer observed in the Taihang Mountain high-risk region where both gastric cardia and non-cardia adenocarcinoma coincide with esophageal squamous cancer, but with almost no distal esophageal adenocarcinoma. Moreover, as altitude increases from plain to mountains, we observed progressively increasing incidence rates of gastric adenocarcinomas in recent years in the region. Because H. pylori infection is a definite carcinogen to gastric adenocarcinoma and is more prevalent in the mountain than in plain areas due to undeveloped living conditions, the observation gives the impression as though H. pylori infection is implicated. Aims:, This article aims to note the role of H. pylori infection in upper gastrointestinal cancer in the Taihang Mountain high-risk region in northern China. Materials and Methods:, First the unique topography and geographic variation of upper gastrointestinal cancer in the region is described to indicate a possible role of H. pylori infection, then we review studies on prevalence of H. pylori infection in the high-risk region and describe difference in socioeconomic development and water hygiene between the plains and the mountains as related to the prevalence of H. pylori infection. Results:, Coincidence of gastric cancer in the region and a progressively increasing rate of the cancer from the plain towards the mountains indicate H. pylori infection may be implicated in upper gastrointestinal cancer. Conclusion:, International collaboration is needed to study H. pylori and upper gastrointestinal cancer in the region when rapid industrialization is just beginning. [source] Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in children: A serologic study of the Kyushu region in JapanPEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2001Yasuhiro Yamashita Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children varies as a function of socioeconomic development, with low rates in developed countries and high rates in developing countries. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in Japanese children is unknown. Methods: The present study examined the effect of living conditions on the prevalence of H. pylori infection in children. We determined the prevalence of H. pylori infection in healthy children of the Kyushu region in Japan and compared it with the prevalence in institutionalized children with severe neurologic illness. Serum concentrations of anti- H. pylori IgG antibody were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 336 healthy children and 56 patients with severe neurologic impairment. An antibody concentration >50 units/mL was taken as evidence of infection. Results: The prevalence of H. pylori seropositivity in healthy children increased with age (P<0.0001) and was 29% in children 15,19 years of age. This value is slightly higher than prevalences reported in developed countries (5,15%), but is lower than in developing countries (30,60%). Seropositivity did not vary with respect to gender, water supply or location of housing. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was more prevalent among institutionalized children aged 5,19 years than their healthy counterparts (P<0.005). Conclusions: The intermediate prevalence of H. pylori seropositivity in healthy children between that measured in developed and developing countries is consistent with the socioeconomic ,westernization' of Japan. [source] Institutional learning and adaptation: Developing state audit capacity in ChinaPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION & DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2009Ting GongArticle first published online: 20 JAN 200 Abstract In recent decades, the Chinese state has been confronted by a dual challenge: to monitor and regulate the country's rapid socioeconomic development and, at the same time, to reform itself, as centrally planned state, in order to adapt to market-driven changes. This has made it an imperative for the state to remake as well as strengthen its capacity. How has the Chinese state taken up the challenge? To what extent has state capacity been shaped or reshaped in the process? Is the state's endeavour to strengthen and institutionalise its capacity successful? This article examines China's experience with building a powerful audit regime to answer these questions. It explores the driving forces behind institutional change and capacity development. As the findings show, the evolution of the state audit capacity in China is not a simple, linear process, but rather it is associated with multiple changes in the legal and regulatory framework, inter-institutional relations and the norms guiding the behaviour of institutional actors. The development of the state audit in China reveals both the dynamics and dilemmas of state capacity development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Islands and beers: Toasting a discriminatory approach to small island manufacturingASIA PACIFIC VIEWPOINT, Issue 1 2010Godfrey Baldacchino Abstract This paper explores the relationship between beers and island development, using a global sweep but with a special reference to the insular Pacific. It adopts a discriminatory approach, touching upon the role and impact that niche and bouquet beer manufacturing can have on the socioeconomic development of small islands. It departs from a personal observation: many small island jurisdictions have their own brewery. Indeed, the brewery could also be the island territory's largest indigenous manufacturing concern. While small islands are associated with low manufacturing capacity and diseconomies of scale, nevertheless ,a local brewery' comes across, in many cases, as a profitable and glaring exception that speaks to the attractions and virtues of locality branding. [source] Determinants of Female Fertility in Taiwan, 1966,2001: Empirical Evidence from Cointegration and Variance Decomposition Analysis,ASIAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 4 2006Paresh Kumar Narayan J13; C22; C52 This study investigates the determinants of the fertility rate in Taiwan over the period 1966,2001. Consistent with theory, the key explanatory variables in Taiwan's fertility model are real income, infant mortality rate, female education and female labor force participation rate. The test for cointegration is based on the recently developed bounds testing procedure while the long-run and short-run elasticities are based on the autoregressive distributed lag model. Among our key results, female education and female labor force participation rate are found to be the key determinants of fertility in Taiwan in the long run. The variance decom-position analysis indicates that in the long run approximately 45percent of the variation in fertility is explained by the combined impact of female labor force participation, mortality and income, implying that socioeconomic development played an important role in the fertility transition in Taiwan. This result is consistent with the traditional structural hypothesis. [source] HIDDEN DISCIPLINES IN MALAYSIA: THE ROLE OF BUSINESS HISTORY IN A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY FRAMEWORKAUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC HISTORY REVIEW, Issue 3 2009Article first published online: 28 OCT 200, Shakila Yacob business history; business economics; economic history; Malaysian history; multi-disciplinary studies Business history plays a crucial role in the understanding of the history and socioeconomic development of Malaysia. This paper analyses that role through an assessment of the most relevant colonial, post-colonial, and contemporary literature. Malaysian business history adopts a multidisciplinary approach, which has the potential to propel the discipline to address potentially sensitive political issues in Malaysia, though in the past business history's assimilation into other disciplines has discouraged, with notable exceptions, its potential to explore sensitive topics. In conclusion, the paper outlines the challenges faced by Malaysian business history academics and argues for extending the discipline's boundaries. [source] | |||||||||||||