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Socioeconomic Data (socioeconomic + data)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	80%
Psychology	20%

Selected Abstracts

An association between mothers' speech clarity and infants' speech discrimination skills

DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE, Issue 3 2003
Huei-Mei Liu
The quality of speech directed towards infants may play an important role in infants' language development. However, few studies have examined the link between the two. We examined the correlation between maternal speech clarity and infant speech perception performance in two groups of Mandarin-speaking mother,infant pairs. Maternal speech clarity was assessed using the degree of expansion of the vowel space, a measure previously shown to reflect the intelligibility of words and sentences. Speech discrimination in the infants (6,8 and 10,12-month-olds) was measured using a head-turn task. The results show that mothers' vowel space area is significantly correlated with infants' speech discrimination performance. Socioeconomic data from both parents show that the result cannot be attributed to parental socioeconomic factors. This study is correlational and therefore a causal relationship cannot be firmly established. However, the results are consistent with the view that maternal speech clarity directly affects infants' early language learning. [source]

Quality of life and socioeconomic factors in Polish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 10 2008
L Kulczycka
Abstract Objective, To determinate health related quality of life (HRQoL) in SLE patients and correlate it with socioeconomic factors. Methods, The study was conducted on 83 SLE patients who fulfilled at least 4 out of 11 ACR criteria. HRQoL was measured by SF-36. Socioeconomic data were collected from the patients at the time of filling-up SF-36 questionnaire. Results, SLE patients presented decreased HRQoL. Duration of the disease, as well as age of the patients, had an influence on it. Patients who lived in the villages obtained lower results than those from the cities. More educated patients assessed their HRQoL as higher. Surprisingly, patients who described their social conditions as worse presented better quality of life. There was a statistically significant correlations between HRQoL and socioeconomic factors. [source]

A low incidence of Type 1 diabetes between 1977 and 2001 in south-eastern Sweden in areas with high population density and which are more deprived

DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 3 2008
B.-M. Holmqvist
Abstract Aims To explore how socioeconomic factors and population density may contribute to the geographical variation of incidence of Type 1 diabetes in children in south-eastern Sweden. Method All children diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes in south-eastern Sweden during 1977,2001 were defined geographically to their place of residence and were allocated x and y coordinates in the national grid. The population at risk and socioeconomic data were aggregated in 82 000 200-m squares and geocoded likewise. A socioeconomic index was calculated using a signed ,2 method. Rural,urban gradients were defined by overlay analysis in a geographic information system. Results The incidence during the past 25 years has been rising steadily, particularly in the last 6 years. The incidence was highest in areas with a high proportion of small families, of families with a high family income and better education, and this was found both at the time of diagnosis and at the time of birth. In the rural,urban analysis, the lowest incidence was found in the urban area with > 20 000 inhabitants, where there was also a higher frequency of deprivation. Conclusions Our findings indicate that geographical variations in incidence rates of Type 1 diabetes in children are associated with socioeconomic factors and population density, although other contributing factors remain to be explained. [source]

Predicting Patterns of Mammography Use: A Geographic Perspective on National Needs for Intervention Research

HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH, Issue 4 2002
Julie Legler
Objective. To introduce a methodology for planning preventive health service research that takes into account geographic context. Data Sources. National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) self-reports of mammography within the past two years, 1987, and 1993,94. Area Resource File (ARF), 1990. Database of mammography intervention research studies conducted from 1984 to 1994. Design. Bayesian hierarchical modeling describes mammography as a function of county-level socioeconomic data and explicitly estimates the geographic variation unexplained by the county-level data. This model produces county use estimates (both NHIS-sampled and unsampled), which are aggregated for entire states. The locations of intervention research studies are examined in light of the statewide mammography utilization estimates. Data Extraction. Individual level NHIS data were merged with county-level data from the ARF. Principal Findings. State maps reveal the estimated distribution of mammography utilization and intervention research. Eighteen states with low mammography use reported no intervention research activity. County-level occupation and education were important predictors for younger women in 1993,94. In 1987, they were not predictive for any demographic group. Conclusions. Opportunities exist to improve the planning of future intervention research by considering geographic context. Modeling results suggest that the choice of predictors be tailored to both the population and the time period under study when planning interventions. [source]

The relationship of stress and anxiety with chronic periodontitis

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 5 2003
M.V. Vettore
Abstract Aim: This case,control study investigates the relationship of stress and anxiety with periodontal clinical characteristics. Method: Seventy-nine selected patients (mean age 46.8±8 years) were assigned to three groups in accordance with their levels of probing pocket depth (PPD): control group (PPD,3 mm, n=22), test group 1 (at least four sites with PPD ,4 mm and ,6 mm, n=27) and test group 2 (at least four sites with PPD >6 mm, n=30). An inclusion criterion of the study required that patients presented a plaque index (PI) with a value equal to or larger than 2 in at least 50% of dental surfaces. All subjects were submitted to stress and anxiety evaluations. Stress was measured by the Stress Symptom Inventory (SSI) and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), while the State,Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess anxiety. Clinical measures such as PI, gingival index (GI), PPD and clinical attachment level (CAL) were collected. Patient's medical history and socioeconomic data were also recorded. Results: The mean clinical measures (PI, GI, PPD and CAL) obtained for the three groups, were: control group, 1.56±0.32, 0.68±0.49, 1.72±0.54 and 2.04±0.64 mm; group 1, 1.56±0.39, 1.13±0.58, 2.67±0.67 and 3.10±0.76 mm, group 2, 1.65±0.37, 1.54±0.46, 4.14±1.23 and 5.01±1.60 mm. The three groups did not differ with respect to percentage of clinical stress, scores of the SRRS, trait and state anxiety. Frequency of moderate CAL (4,6 mm) and moderate PPD (4,6 mm) were found to be significantly associated with higher trait anxiety scores after adjusting for socioeconomic data and cigarette consumption (p<0.05). Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, individuals with high levels of trait anxiety appeared to be more prone to periodontal disease. Zusammenfassung Die Beziehung von Stress und Angst bei chronischer Parodontitis Ziel: Diese Fall kontrollierte Studie untersuchte die Beziehung von Stress und Angst zu parodontal klinischen Charakteristika. Methoden: 79 ausgesuchte Patienten (mittleres Alter 46,8±8) wurden unter Berücksichtigung der Sondierungstiefen (PPD) in 3 Gruppen aufgeteilt: Kontrollgruppe (PPD,3 mm, n=22), Testgruppe 1 (mindestens 4 Flächen mit PPD,4 mm und 6 mm, n=27) und Testgruppe 2 (mindestens 4 Flächen mit PPD>6 mm, n=30). Ein Einschlusskriterium für die Studie erforderte, dass die Patienten einen Plaqueindex mit einem Wert gleich oder größer 2 an mindestens 50% der Zahnoberflächen hatten. Alle Personen wurden hinsichtlich Stress und Angst evaluiert. Stress wurde mit der Stress Symptom Aufnahme (SSI) und der sozialen Anpassungsrate Skala (SRRS) gemessen, während für die Erfassung der Angst der State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) genutzt wurde. Die klinischen Messungen wie Plaque Index (PI), Gingivaindex (GI), PPD und klinisches Stützgewebeniveau (CAL) wurden aufgezeichnet. Die medizinische Anamnese der Patienten und die sozioökonomischen Daten wurden ebenso aufgezeichnet. Ergebnisse: Die mittleren klinischen Messungen (PI, GI, PPD und CAL) für die drei Gruppen waren: Kontrollgruppe 1,56±0,32, 0,68±0,49, 1,72±0,54 mm und 2,04± 0,64 mm; Gruppe 1 1,56±0,39, 1,13±0,58, 2,67±0,67 mm und 3,10±0,76 mm und Gruppe 2 1,65±0,37, 1,54±0,46, 4,14± 1,23 mm und 5,01±1,60 mm. Die drei Gruppen unterschieden sich nicht hinsichtlich der Prozentsätze für klinischen Stress, Werte des SRRS, Charakter- und Zustandsangst. Die Häufigkeit von moderatem CAL (4,6 mm) und moderaten PPD (4,6 mm) war signifikant verbunden mit höheren Charakterangst-Werten nach Adjustierung für sozio-ökonomische Daten und Zigarettenverbrauch (p<0,05). Zusammenfassung: Basierend auf den gewonnen Ergebnissen scheinen Individuen mit mehr Neigung zu parodontalen Erkrankungen höhere Werte von Charakterangst zu haben. Résumé Relation du stress et de l'anxiété avec la parodontite chronique Cette étude contrôle par cas a analysé la relation du stress et de l'anxiété avec les caractéristiques cliniques parodontales. Septante-neuf patients d'une moyenne d'âge de 46,8±8 ans ont été répartis en trois groupes suivant leur niveau de profondeur de poche au sondage (PPD) : groupe contrôle (PPD3 mm, n=22), groupe test 1 (au moins quatre sites avec PPD4 mm et 6 mm, n=27) et le groupe test 2 (au moins quatre sites avec PPD6 mm, n=30). Un critère d'inclusion dans cette étude exigeait que les patients montraient un indice de plaque d'une valeur égale ou supérieure à 2 sur au moins 50% des surfaces dentaires. Tous les sujets ont été soumis à des évaluations de stress et d'anxiété. Le stress a été mesuré par l'inventaire du symptôme de stress (SSI) et le niveau d'évaluation de réajustement social (SRRS), tandis que l'inventaire de l'état d'anxiété (STAI) était utilisé pour évaluer l'anxiété. Les mesures cliniques telles que l'indice de plaque (PlI), l'indice gingival (GI), PPD et le niveau d'attache clinique (CAL) ont été enregistrées. L'histoire médicale du patient et les données socio-économiques ont également été prises en considération. Les mesures cliniques moyennes (PlI, GI, PPD, CAL) obtenues pour les trois groupes étaient respectivement de : groupe contrôle 1,56±0,32, 0,68±0,49, 1,72± 0,54 mm et 2,04± 0,64 mm; groupe 1, 1,56± 0,39, 1,13±0,58, 2,67±0,67 mm et 3,10±0,76 mm et groupe 2, 1,65±0,37, 1,54±0,46, 4,14±1,23 mm et 5,01±1,60 mm. Les trois groupes ne différaient pas en ce qui concerne le pourcentage de stress clinique, des scores de SRRS, et le niveau d'anxiété. La fréquence de CAL modéré (4 à 6 mm) et de PPD modéré (4 à 6 mm) était constatée significativement en association avec les plus grands scores d'anxiété après l'ajustement pour les données socio-économiques et le tabagisme (p<0,05). Ces résultats indiquent que les individus avec de hauts niveaux d'anxiété semblent plus susceptibles à la maladie parodontale. [source]

How neighborhoods matter for rural and urban children's language and cognitive development at kindergarten and Grade 4,

JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
Jennifer E.V. Lloyd
The authors took a population-based approach to testing how commonly studied neighborhood socioeconomic conditions are associated with the language and cognitive outcomes of residentially stable rural and urban children tracked from kindergarten (ages 5,6) to Grade 4 (ages 9,10). Child-level kindergarten Early Development Instrument (EDI) data were probabilistically linked to scores on Grade 4's Foundation Skills Assessment (FSA), 4 years later, and to socioeconomic data describing the children's residential neighborhoods. Multilevel analyses were performed for a study population of 5,022 children residing in 105 neighborhoods across British Columbia, Canada: 635 children in 20 rural neighborhoods and 4,825 children in 85 urban neighborhoods. Concentrated immigration consistently predicted better child outcomes. Moreover, the determinants of children's language and cognitive outcomes analyzed cross-sectionally differed from the determinants of outcomes analyzed longitudinally. Furthermore, there were notable differences in the extent of the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and rural and urban children's outcomes over time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

Prevalence and Severity of Dental Caries in Adolescents Aged 12 and 15 Living in Communities with Various Fluoride Concentrations

JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY, Issue 1 2007
América Patricia Pontigo-Loyola DrO
Abstract Objectives: To determine the experience, prevalence, and severity of dental caries in adolescents naturally exposed to various fluoride concentrations. Methods: A cross-sectional census was conducted on 1,538 adolescents aged 12 and 15 years living at high altitude above sea level (>2,000 m or >6,560 ft) in above-optimal fluoridated communities (levels ranging from 1.38 to 3.07 ppm) of Hidalgo, Mexico. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic data were collected using questionnaires. Two previously trained and standardized examiners performed the dental exams. Results: Caries prevalence was 48.6 percent and mean of decay, missing, and filling teeth (DMFT) for the whole population was 1.15 ± 1.17. In terms of severity, 9.6 percent of the adolescents had DMFT , 4, and 1.7 percent had ,7. The significant caries index (SiC) was 2.41 in the group of 12-year-olds, and 3.46 in the 15-year-olds. Higher experience and prevalence were observed in girls, in children with dental visit in the past year, those in the wealthiest socioeconomic status (SES) (quartiles 2, 3, and 4), those whose locale of residence is in San Marcos and Tula Centro, and in fluorosis-free children and those with moderate/severe fluorosis. In an analysis of caries severity (DMFT , 4), both adolescents with very mild/mild and moderate/severe dental fluorosis have higher caries severity. Conclusions: The results indicated that caries experience, prevalence, and severity as well as SiC index among 12- and 15-year-old adolescents were relatively low. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables commonly associated with dental caries were also observed in Mexican adolescents. Unlike other studies, we found that caries increased with higher SES. Fluoride exposure (measured through fluorosis presence) does not appear to be reducing the caries prevalence (DMFT > 0) or caries severity (DMFT , 4) in these high-altitude communities. [source]

Leaving home after cancer in childhood: A measure of social independence in early adulthood

PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER, Issue 1 2006
Susanne Vinkel Koch MD
Abstract Background Previous studies on psychosocial outcomes for childhood and adolescent cancer survivors have found diverse results concerning social independence. As a measure of social independence, we investigated whether cancer survivors displayed the same patterns of leaving home as population-based control group. Procedure We identified 1,597 patients in the Danish Cancer Register, born in 1965,1980, in whom a primary cancer was diagnosed before they reached the age of 20 in the period 1965,1995. The patients were compared with a random sample of the general population (n,=,43,905) frequency matched on sex and date of birth. By linking the two cohorts to registers in Statistics Denmark, we obtained socioeconomic data for the period 1980,1997. The relative risk for leaving home was estimated with discrete-time Cox regression models. Results The risk for leaving home of survivors of hematological malignancies and solid tumors did not differ significantly from that of the control cohort. Adjustments for possible socioeconomic confounders did not change this pattern. In contrast, survivors of central nervous system (CNS) tumors had a significantly reduced risk for leaving home, which was most pronounced for men (relative risk, men: 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.55,0.80; women: 0.88, 95% confidence interval, 0.80,0.97). Conclusion Overall, the psychosocial effects of cancer in childhood or adolescence and its treatment on the survivor and family did not appear to impede social independence in early adulthood, except for survivors of CNS tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas in young patients in a selected Malaysian centre

ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
Hafeza AHMAD
Abstract Aim: This study aims to evaluate the demographics, to analyze the clinical and pathological findings, treatment and the outcome of oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) in patients aged 40-years old and below in our centre. Methods: Records of patients who were diagnosed with OSCC in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, from 1998 to 2003 were analyzed. Their socioeconomic data such as their age, gender and race, risk factors, family history and genetic predisposition were assessed. Other data examined included the sites and stage of the tumor, histopathology results, treatment modality and outcome of OSCC. Results: There were 19 patients with no gender predilection. Malays made up most patients diagnosed with OSCC, followed by Chinese and Indians. There was no significant high-risk habit in this group. Most of the sites involved were the tongue (73.7%), buccal mucosa (15.8%) and alveolus (10.5%). Most of the patients (57.9%) were diagnosed with stage IV disease. Eighteen patients underwent treatment consisting of surgery or radiotherapy or in combination. A 5-year follow up revealed that nine patients (47.3%) survived and remain well, four patients (21.1%) had a recurrence, two patients (10.5%) died of the disease. Conclusion: The majority of patients presented with stage IV disease without any significant high-risk habit. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment, however, 5-year follow-up showed a less than 50% survival rate. [source]

Impact of radiation and chemotherapy on risk of dental abnormalities

CANCER, Issue 24 2009
A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Abstract BACKGROUND: The current study was performed to describe frequencies and risk factors of altered oral health and odontogenesis in childhood cancer survivors. METHODS: In total, 9308 survivors who were diagnosed between 1970 and 1986 and 2951 siblings from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study completed a survey that contained oral-dental health information. The authors analyzed treatment impact, socioeconomic data, and patient demographics on dental outcomes using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, survivors were more likely to report microdontia (OR, 3.0; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.4-3.8), hypodontia (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4-2.0), root abnormalities (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.2-4.0), abnormal enamel (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 2.0-2.9), teeth loss ,6 (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.9-3.6), severe gingivitis (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.5), and xerostomia (OR, 9.7; 95% CI, 4.8-19.7). Controlling for chemotherapy and socioeconomic factors, radiation exposure of ,20 Gray to dentition was associated significantly with an increased risk of ,1 dental abnormality. Dose-dependent alkylating agent therapy significantly increased the risk of ,1 anatomic/developmental dental abnormalities in survivors who were diagnosed at age <5 years (OR, 1.7, 2.7, and 3.3 for alkylating agent scores of 1, 2, and 3, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Radiation and chemotherapy were independent risk factors for adverse oral-dental sequelae among childhood cancer survivors. The authors concluded that patients who received receiving alkylating agents at age <5 years should be closely monitored. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society. [source]