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Social Representations (social + representation)
Terms modified by Social Representations Selected AbstractsSensitising Concept, Themata and Shareness: A Dialogical Perspective of Social RepresentationsJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 3 2004LI LIU This article aims at clarifying some critical, yet under-explored, conceptual issues of social representations from a dialogical perspective. The article recasts the notion of social representations as a sensitising, rather than a definitive, concept, based on the distinction between dialogical and monological epistemologies. It is argued that the introduction of the concept of themata into the theory suggests the dialogical interdependence between common thinking and social morphology, between the genesis and structure of social representations, and between implicit underlying themata and their pragmatic manifestations in structuring social representations. At the same time, the concept of themata implies that a social representation may be, at one and the same time, shared and communicated in hegemonic, emancipated and polemical ways in a complementary manner. These three ways of "sharing" are dialogically interrelated to each other. [source] Active Minorities and Social Representations: Two Theories, One EpistemologyJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 4 2002Birgitta Orfali First page of article [source] Messiahs, Pariahs, and Donors: The Development of Social Representations of Organ TransplantsJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 2 2000Gail Moloney This longitudinal, qualitative study investigated the genesis and transformation of the social representations of organ transplants. A search of the West Australian newspaper, from 1954 to 1995 found 672 articles pertaining to organ transplants. Two distinct, but conflicting, representations emerged in the analyses. In the first representation, found from 1967/68, the surgeon was paramount and organ transplants were iconised as ,spare part surgery'. In the second representation, found from 1984/85, the role of the donor was emphasised and transplants iconised as a ,gift of life'. Both representations were discernible in 1994/95. We consider the question whether there are now two conflicting representations or one representation with two conflicting sets of beliefs at its core. The results are discussed in terms of anchoring, objectification, transformation, and structure, as well as Moscovici's (1993) notion of canonic themata. [source] Social Representations of AIDS: Pictures in Abnormal Psychology Textbooks, 1984,2005,JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Thomas J. Schoeneman We identified 129 pictures relating to AIDS/HIV in 94 abnormal psychology textbooks published between 1984 and 2005. Pictures included 189 persons with AIDS/HIV status or risk and 134 AIDS-related objects; they appeared in chapters on stress, sexual issues, substance abuse, and organic brain disorders. Individuals depicted were overwhelmingly male, White, adult, of unspecified sexual orientation, and undiagnosed with mental disorder. The most frequent AIDS-related objects were signs and posters, hospital furnishings, and drug paraphernalia. Thematic motifs across pictures included patient, information source, junkie, support group, celebrity, child victim, protesters, memorials, condom dispensary, and viral attack. Images of AIDS continue to invoke concepts of "the Other," death, victimization, and culpability. It is difficult to discuss AIDS without accessing its stereotypes. [source] Social Representations of Retirement in France: A Descriptive StudyAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Christine Roland-Lévy The social representations of three social groups (students, people in the workforce, and retirees) are investigated. Comparison of the three samples allows one to describe how social representations of retirement differ according to age and employment status. It can be noted that both students and adults who are still working share some core elements in their representation of retirement, which is mainly perceived as a well-deserved time to rest. However, the central nucleus of those people who have recently retired excludes this idea of needing some time to rest and centers more around having less stress, and more freedom; the end of work might mean undesired inactivity. Les représentations sociales de la retraite de trois groupes sociaux (étudiants, individus issus de la population active et retraités) sont étudiées. La comparaison entre les trois échantillons permet de décrire comment les représentations sociales de la retraite diffèrent selon l'âge et le statut du sujet. On a pu noter que les étudiants et les adultes en activité partagent quelques éléments centraux de leur représentation sociale de la retraite, qui est essentiellement perçue comme un temps de repos bien mérité. Cependant, le noyau central des personnes récemment retraitées ne contient pas cette idée d'un besoin d'un temps de repos et se centre plus sur le fait d'être moins stressé et d'avoir plus de liberté; la fin du travail pourrait alors signifier une inactivité non désirée. [source] Social representations of organ donors and non-donorsJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2005Mary Anne Lauri Abstract This paper illustrates the empirical investigation of social representations by means of photographs as stimulus material and the technique of correspondence analysis to study the resulting data. The research was part of a campaign carried out to promote organ donation in Malta. The study tries to find out whether a public communication campaign could change perceptions. Five focus groups were held before the campaign and another five, two months after the campaign. Part of the data collected through these focus groups was analysed using correspondence analysis. The results showed that before the campaign, donors were generally perceived to be either young or important people or public personalities. After the campaign, donors were perceived more to be ordinary family people, educated, generous and religious. On the other hand, before the campaign, non-donors were seen as conservative, uncouth and uncaring, whereas after the campaign non-donors were generally perceived to be older, uninformed and uneducated people. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Social representations of democratic transition: Was the Philippine People Power a non-violent power shift or a military coup?ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Cristina Jayme MontielArticle first published online: 16 AUG 2010 This research looked at social representations of the 1986 People Power in the Philippines among Filipino civilians and the military. Using mixed qualitative,quantitative methods, the research collected military narratives, ran a survey of civilians and military personnel and reviewed newspaper accounts of People Power anniversary celebrations over 20 years. Civilians saw People Power as a strong and positive power shift, while the military viewed it as an aborted coup led by military officers that was weak and bad. The findings about the social representations of transition are linked to civilian,military social identities after 1986 and illuminate the subjective landscape of State power contests in a new democracy. [source] Social representations of history in Malaysia and Singapore: On the relationship between national and ethnic identityASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2002James H. Liu Social representations of history were investigated using surveys among university populations of ethnic Malays, Chinese, and Indians in Singapore and Malaysia. Representations of history and historical leaders tended to be hegemonic or consensual, showing low levels of conflict across ethnicity and nationality, even regarding the separation of these two nations. Tendencies towards in-group favoritism and ontogeny were slight, but statistically significant on some measures. National and ethnic identity were positively correlated, with ethnic identity stronger than national identity in Malaysia, and strongest among Malays in Malaysia. National identity was strongest among Chinese in Malaysia, followed by Chinese in Singapore. Results of regression analyses on national identity suggest that ethnicity is more sensitive in Malaysia than in Singapore. Results are interpreted through the frameworks provided by social representations theory and social identity theory. It is argued that hegemonic representations of history are associated with positive correlations between national and ethnic identity. [source] Sensitising Concept, Themata and Shareness: A Dialogical Perspective of Social RepresentationsJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 3 2004LI LIU This article aims at clarifying some critical, yet under-explored, conceptual issues of social representations from a dialogical perspective. The article recasts the notion of social representations as a sensitising, rather than a definitive, concept, based on the distinction between dialogical and monological epistemologies. It is argued that the introduction of the concept of themata into the theory suggests the dialogical interdependence between common thinking and social morphology, between the genesis and structure of social representations, and between implicit underlying themata and their pragmatic manifestations in structuring social representations. At the same time, the concept of themata implies that a social representation may be, at one and the same time, shared and communicated in hegemonic, emancipated and polemical ways in a complementary manner. These three ways of "sharing" are dialogically interrelated to each other. [source] Sex differences in social representations of aggression: Men justify, women excuse?AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 2 2003Sarah Astin Abstract Women tend to hold an expressive social representation of aggression (as a loss of self-control) while men tend to hold an instrumental representation (as a means of imposing control over others). Because expressive beliefs correspond to excuses and instrumental beliefs to justifications, it may be a sex difference in moral acceptability of aggression that informs social representation. Participants completed the Expagg questionnaire with reference to an episode of same-sex or cross-sex physical aggression and rated the moral acceptability of their behaviour. Women scored higher on Expagg (specifically lower than men on the instrumental scale) but there was no effect of target sex or participant-by-target interaction. Contrary to expectation, women rated their own aggression as more acceptable than did men and hence this could not explain their lower levels of instrumentality relative to men. Aggr. Behav. 29:128,133, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The Bishops' Ban of 1599 and the Ideology of English SatireLITERATURE COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2010William R. Jones On June 1, 1599, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of London banned the further printing of satires, epigrams, and unlicensed histories and plays. Furthermore, the order demanded the immediate recall and burning of specific works, many of which were verse imitations of the Roman satirist Juvenal. Although the order itself lacks specific motivational language, current explanations tend to foreground the potentially obscene and/or libelous nature of the recalled works. Comparatively little attention has been paid, however, to the internal ideologies of the banned satires themselves and to the dialogue between the satires and the cultural and political conditions that inspired them. Instead of an ad hoc response to any one particular transgression, this essay argues for the Ban as an attempt to stem the growing cultural influence of a particularly unorthodox mode of Juvenalian imitative satire expressed most forcefully in John Marston's banned work, The Scourge of Villanie. Marston's rejection of all established belief systems, especially the conservative literary traditions of native English and Horatian imitative satire, in favor of a highly individualistic and indecorous mode of social representation, was simply too ideologically destabilizing for the bishops to tolerate. In support of this reading, two relatively underexplored pieces of evidence are examined: first, the reprieve granted to Joseph Hall's imitative satire entitled Virgidemiarum, which attempts to negotiate an ideologically safe middle-ground between the radical Juvenalian mode and the conservative Horatian tradition; and second, the contemporary reflections on the bishops' prohibition within John Weever's 1599 Epigrams, his 1600 pastoral Faunus and Melliflora, and his 1601 direct attack on Marston in The Whipping of the Satyre. Weever's support of the bishops' actions derives from his identification of the banned Juvenalian mode as not merely morally offensive or personally defamatory, but as a tangible threat to the ideological stability of the English nation. [source] National Identity and Attitude Toward Foreigners in a Multinational State: A ReplicationPOLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Jaak Billiet An analysis of the 1995 Belgian General Election Survey indicates that the bipolar national identity variable, which contrasts citizens who identify exclusively with the Belgian nation with those who identify exclusively with the Flemish or Walloon subnation, measures not only the direction but also the intensity of national feelings. Respondents who are located at the middle of the scale tend to have a weak identification with both the nation and the subnation. On the basis of a structural equations modeling approach involving a test of the construct equivalence in the two regions and a control for agreeing-response bias, it is shown that the bipolar national identity variable and attitude toward foreigners are inversely related in Flanders and Wallonia. In Flanders, citizens with a strong subnational identification tend to have a negative attitude toward foreigners; those with a strong Belgian identification are more positive. This relationship became more pronounced after controlling for the respondents' level of education. In Wallonia, a reverse but less pronounced relationship was found. These findings support the hypothesis that the relationship between the variables of national identity and attitude toward foreigners is not intrinsic, but is at least partly determined by the social representation of the nation. [source] Between ideology and social representations: Four theses plus (a new) one on the relevance and the meaning of the political left and rightEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2009PIERGIORGIO CORBETTA This study analyses the relevance and the meaning given by Italians to the political labels ,left' and ,right' between 1975 and 2006. Based on responses to the open-ended question ,What do you mean by "left/right" in politics?', the study compares five alternative hypotheses on the meaning of the left-right axis and show that, despite the alleged end of ideologies, the relevance of the axis has increased over time. A core of abstract meanings persists throughout the thirty-year period considered. As the importance of abstract meanings has increased over time, reference to more concrete contents (such as ,parties' and ,leaders') has decreased. The findings thus support the hypothesis that the left-right axis has the functional characteristics of social representations. [source] A Social Representations Approach To The Communication Between Different Spheres: An Analysis Of The Impacts Of Two Discursive FormatsJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 4 2009SUSANA BATEL This paper discusses the potential of the notions of reification and consensualization as developed by the theory of social representations as analytical tools for addressing the communication between the lay and scientific spheres. Social Representations Theory started by offering an over-sharp distinction between the reified and the consensual universes of which science and common sense, respectively, were presented as paradigmatic. This paper, however, suggests that the notions of consensual and reified can be considered as describing two distinct communicative formats: reification implying the use of arguments which establish prescriptions for representations and action, and consensualization relying on arguments which recognize the heterogeneity of representation and action. We illustrate this proposal through the analysis of a case in which the expert and the lay spheres of a Lisbon neighborhood opposed each other regarding the new laws of public participation in community matters. This analysis showed how reification and consensualization can be used as discursive formats by both spheres. The implications of the use of reification and consensualization and how they may depend on several power resources and have different impacts on social change are discussed. [source] Sensitising Concept, Themata and Shareness: A Dialogical Perspective of Social RepresentationsJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 3 2004LI LIU This article aims at clarifying some critical, yet under-explored, conceptual issues of social representations from a dialogical perspective. The article recasts the notion of social representations as a sensitising, rather than a definitive, concept, based on the distinction between dialogical and monological epistemologies. It is argued that the introduction of the concept of themata into the theory suggests the dialogical interdependence between common thinking and social morphology, between the genesis and structure of social representations, and between implicit underlying themata and their pragmatic manifestations in structuring social representations. At the same time, the concept of themata implies that a social representation may be, at one and the same time, shared and communicated in hegemonic, emancipated and polemical ways in a complementary manner. These three ways of "sharing" are dialogically interrelated to each other. [source] Messiahs, Pariahs, and Donors: The Development of Social Representations of Organ TransplantsJOURNAL FOR THE THEORY OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR, Issue 2 2000Gail Moloney This longitudinal, qualitative study investigated the genesis and transformation of the social representations of organ transplants. A search of the West Australian newspaper, from 1954 to 1995 found 672 articles pertaining to organ transplants. Two distinct, but conflicting, representations emerged in the analyses. In the first representation, found from 1967/68, the surgeon was paramount and organ transplants were iconised as ,spare part surgery'. In the second representation, found from 1984/85, the role of the donor was emphasised and transplants iconised as a ,gift of life'. Both representations were discernible in 1994/95. We consider the question whether there are now two conflicting representations or one representation with two conflicting sets of beliefs at its core. The results are discussed in terms of anchoring, objectification, transformation, and structure, as well as Moscovici's (1993) notion of canonic themata. [source] Community as practice: social representations of community and their implications for health promotionJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2007Christine Stephens Abstract Health promotion researchers and practitioners have increasingly turned to community-based approaches. Although there has been much work around the diverse understandings of the term in areas such as community psychology and sociology, I am concerned with how such understandings relate directly to community health research and practice. From a discursive perspective ,community' is seen as a socially constructed representation that is used variously and pragmatically. However, from a wider view, community can be seen as a matter of embodied practice. This paper draws on social representations theory to examine the shifting constructions of ,community', the functional use of those understandings in social life, and the practices that suggest that it is important to attend to their use in particular contexts. Accordingly, the paper argues that meanings of community in the health promotion or public health context must be seen as representations used for specific purposes in particular situations. Furthermore, the broader notion of embodied practice in social life has implications for community participation in health promotion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Reframing applied disease stigma research: a multilevel analysis of diabetes stigma in GhanaJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 6 2006Ama de-Graft Aikins Abstract Research suggests that rural and urban Ghanaians living with uncontrolled diabetes,typified by extreme weight loss,experience HIV/AIDS-related stigma. This paper reports a multilevel analysis of this stigma within the broader context of diabetes handicap in two rural communities. Two key findings emerge. First, the content of stigma constitutes social representations of HIV/AIDS, and to internalized and projected collective attributions of protracted illness to witchcraft or sorcery. Thus the stigma experienced by people with uncontrolled diabetes is not specific to the disease category ,diabetes' and distant others affected by it. Second, extreme biophysical disruption, which precipitates misperceptions, stigma and/or discrimination, is both cause and consequence of financial destitution and psychosocial neglect. Both forms of handicap have deeper pre-stigma roots in poverty and the socio-psychological and cultural impact of long-term illness. Thus the actuality or threat of diabetes stigma has to be understood in terms of diabetes handicap, which in turn has to be understood as a product of shared responses to long-term illness in communities constantly negotiating financial, health and psychological insecurities. The scope for multifaceted/multilevel intervention is considered taking into account the biophysical and psychological impact of illness and the socio-psychological and structural realities of diabetes care in Ghana. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Social representations of organ donors and non-donorsJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 2 2005Mary Anne Lauri Abstract This paper illustrates the empirical investigation of social representations by means of photographs as stimulus material and the technique of correspondence analysis to study the resulting data. The research was part of a campaign carried out to promote organ donation in Malta. The study tries to find out whether a public communication campaign could change perceptions. Five focus groups were held before the campaign and another five, two months after the campaign. Part of the data collected through these focus groups was analysed using correspondence analysis. The results showed that before the campaign, donors were generally perceived to be either young or important people or public personalities. After the campaign, donors were perceived more to be ordinary family people, educated, generous and religious. On the other hand, before the campaign, non-donors were seen as conservative, uncouth and uncaring, whereas after the campaign non-donors were generally perceived to be older, uninformed and uneducated people. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Rhetorical representations of masculinities in South Africa: moving towards a material-discursive understanding of menJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2003Russell Luyt Abstract A material-discursive perspective holds advantage in understanding male realities. It seeks to integrate dominant approaches that appear anaemic in their failure to capture the interplay between the material and discursive realms of human existence. Three dominant metaphorical themes in the rhetorical representation of South African masculinities are described in an attempt to illustrate the complexity of embodied masculine experience. In this sense the discussion seeks to reveal the dynamic nature of masculine debate and lived experience across differing contexts. It serves to underline the importance of adopting a material-discursive perspective in understanding men, which recognizes that they do not exist as a homogeneous social group, and as such experience their masculinities in a variable and changing fashion. The theoretical amalgamation of social representations and rhetoric is argued to provide a useful analytical tool in an endeavour of this nature. It is suggested that the rhetorical approach problematizes an overly consensual view of social reality that social representations theory typically promotes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Representations of ethnicity in people's accounts of local community participation in a multi-ethnic community in EnglandJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2002Catherine Campbell Abstract In this paper we examine the impact of the social construction of ethnic identities on the likelihood of local community participation. We do so in the context of an applied interest in the current policy emphasis on partnerships between government and local communities in initiatives to reduce health inequalities, and a conceptual interest in the role of social representations in perpetuating unequal power hierarchies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 75 residents of a deprived multi-ethnic area in south England. Informants described themselves as African-Caribbean, Pakistani and White English; half men and half women, aged 15,75. We draw attention to the way in which ethnic identities may be constructed in ways that undermine the likelihood of local community participation. Stereotypical representations of ethnically defined ingroups and outgroups (the ethnic ,other') constituted key symbolic resources used by our informants in accounting for their low levels of engagement with local community networks. We examine the content of these stereotypes, and highlight how their construction is shaped by historical, economic and social forces, within the context of the ,institutional racism' that exists in England. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Comparing the perceived causes of the second Iraq war: a network analysis approachAGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 4 2006Umbereen Rafiq Abstract The objective of this research was to examine the representation by British students of 11 perceived causes of the invasion of Iraq. We used network analysis to develop a network of the pattern of causes that are involved. Overall most participants identified a nexus of causes that reciprocally linked religious prejudice, racism and the history of conflict in the Middle East. They identified a reciprocal link between religious prejudice and September 11th, indicating that it was a cause and effect of religious prejudice. They also supported a link between the personalities of Bush and Saddam and economic gain, and acknowledged the effect of the first Gulf war on Saddam. We also found that Muslim participants were significantly less in favour of the invasion than Christian participants, and produced different networks of the links between causes. The study demonstrates that network analysis can be used to compare and contrast representations of a political event, and thus extends its use in the study of social representations. Aggr. Behav. 32:321,329, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Sex differences in social representations of aggression: Men justify, women excuse?AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR, Issue 2 2003Sarah Astin Abstract Women tend to hold an expressive social representation of aggression (as a loss of self-control) while men tend to hold an instrumental representation (as a means of imposing control over others). Because expressive beliefs correspond to excuses and instrumental beliefs to justifications, it may be a sex difference in moral acceptability of aggression that informs social representation. Participants completed the Expagg questionnaire with reference to an episode of same-sex or cross-sex physical aggression and rated the moral acceptability of their behaviour. Women scored higher on Expagg (specifically lower than men on the instrumental scale) but there was no effect of target sex or participant-by-target interaction. Contrary to expectation, women rated their own aggression as more acceptable than did men and hence this could not explain their lower levels of instrumentality relative to men. Aggr. Behav. 29:128,133, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Original brands and counterfeit brands,do they have anything in common?JOURNAL OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR, Issue 2 2008Elfriede Penz Consumer decisions to purchase fakes instead of originals has developed into a major concern for brand manufacturers worldwide. This research looks at the customers' understanding of the key concepts "original brand" and "counterfeit brand." Using the theory of social representations helped to gain rich insight into the consumers' perception of counterfeit brands in the light of their counterpart original brands, to determine the main differences and similarities, and to identify core aspects and relative evaluations of these two concepts. Taken collectively, the results indicate that, based on single associations, respondents' mental maps of the two concepts do not overlap. It seems that they have a clear picture of what they get with the purchase of original brands versus counterfeits. Although similar attributes to evaluate "original brand" and "counterfeit brand" were used (quality and price), they contribute differently to the nature of the concepts. The benefits of both categories are strongly related to consumers' norms prevalent in their social environment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Spousal Abuse Among Immigrants From Ethiopia in IsraelJOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 5 2006Lea Kacen This ethnographic study obtains first-hand information on spousal abuse from Ethiopian immigrants in Israel. Data include 23 interviews with male and female immigrants of various ages and 10 professionals who worked with this community as well as observations and documents. The findings, verified by participants, show that during cultural transition, the immigrants' code of honor, traditional conflict-solving institutions, and family role distribution disintegrate. This situation, exacerbated by economic distress, proved conducive to women's abuse. Lack of cultural sensitivity displayed by social services actually encouraged women to behave abusively toward their husbands and destroy their families. Discussion focuses on communication failures in spousal-abuse discourse between immigrants from Ethiopia and absorbing society, originating in differences in values, behavior, social representations, and insensitive culture theories. [source] Is there Nationalism after Ernest Gellner?NATIONS AND NATIONALISM, Issue 4 2003An exploration of methodological choices This paper explores the advance of the study of nationalism with particular reference to hitherto neglected methodologies. After suggesting what might be the lesson to be learned from Ernest Gellner's critique of Wittgensteinian linguistic philosophy, I set out some of the considerations and questions which guide my own attempt at a definition of nationalism after Gellner. These are essentially concerned with the function of meaning for ,real people', that is, with the substantiation of the nation through the study of ideologies and feelings, links between interest and identity, conditions of responsiveness and the differential success of mass mobilisation. In the remainder of the paper, I explore the benefit that may be achieved from adopting the methodologies of the so-called Cambridge school of the history of political thought and of social representations in social psychology. [source] Social Representations of Retirement in France: A Descriptive StudyAPPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Christine Roland-Lévy The social representations of three social groups (students, people in the workforce, and retirees) are investigated. Comparison of the three samples allows one to describe how social representations of retirement differ according to age and employment status. It can be noted that both students and adults who are still working share some core elements in their representation of retirement, which is mainly perceived as a well-deserved time to rest. However, the central nucleus of those people who have recently retired excludes this idea of needing some time to rest and centers more around having less stress, and more freedom; the end of work might mean undesired inactivity. Les représentations sociales de la retraite de trois groupes sociaux (étudiants, individus issus de la population active et retraités) sont étudiées. La comparaison entre les trois échantillons permet de décrire comment les représentations sociales de la retraite diffèrent selon l'âge et le statut du sujet. On a pu noter que les étudiants et les adultes en activité partagent quelques éléments centraux de leur représentation sociale de la retraite, qui est essentiellement perçue comme un temps de repos bien mérité. Cependant, le noyau central des personnes récemment retraitées ne contient pas cette idée d'un besoin d'un temps de repos et se centre plus sur le fait d'être moins stressé et d'avoir plus de liberté; la fin du travail pourrait alors signifier une inactivité non désirée. [source] Social representations of democratic transition: Was the Philippine People Power a non-violent power shift or a military coup?ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Cristina Jayme MontielArticle first published online: 16 AUG 2010 This research looked at social representations of the 1986 People Power in the Philippines among Filipino civilians and the military. Using mixed qualitative,quantitative methods, the research collected military narratives, ran a survey of civilians and military personnel and reviewed newspaper accounts of People Power anniversary celebrations over 20 years. Civilians saw People Power as a strong and positive power shift, while the military viewed it as an aborted coup led by military officers that was weak and bad. The findings about the social representations of transition are linked to civilian,military social identities after 1986 and illuminate the subjective landscape of State power contests in a new democracy. [source] Penser la connaissance de sens commun dans la modernité avancée,CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY/REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE, Issue 3 2001Geneviève Daudelin In this article, a reappraisal of S. Moscovici's theory of social representations is proposed, a reappraisal based on J. Habennas' and A. Giddens' theoretical approaches. The author argues that S. Moscovici's common-sense knowledge theorization remains relevant, as long as it is read and understood in light of the conditions peculiar to modern advanced societies, where doubt and discussion are exacerbated to the detriment of immediate trust and a supposedly unproblematic consensus. The construction of "common sense" has to be understood in a way that embraces the exigencies of the contemporary context. L'auteure propose une relecture de la théorie des représentations sociales de S. Moscovici à la lumière des perspectives de J. Habermas et de A. Giddens. La théorisation de la connaissance de sens commun proposée par Moscovici demeure pertinente à la condition, selon l'au-teure, de la replacer dans les conditions des sociétés modernes avancées, lesquelles font s'exacerber le doute et la discussion au détriment de la confiance immédiate et du consensus présumé non problématique. La formation des «lieux communs» doit être pensée de façon à tenir compte des exigences imposées par le contexte contemporain. [source] The Intersection of Conversation, Cognitions, and Campaigns: The Social Representation of Organ DonationCOMMUNICATION THEORY, Issue 1 2009Susan E. Morgan Social representations theory (SRT) has been underused in the communication field. This theory helps explain the interrelationships between interpersonal communication, cognition, and the mass media, particularly in situations where a new phenomenon emerges that requires some kind of social response. Because organ donation is still poorly understood by the public, in large part because of entertainment television, SRT is well suited to helping researchers and practitioners understand the complex interplay of factors within a population(s) that contribute to reluctance to donate organs after death. In this paper, it is argued that public communication campaigns should include strategies to provoke interpersonal communication about the topic as a means of creating social representations that promote behaviors that support public health. Résumé Au croisement des conversations, de la cognition et des campagnes de communication : La représentation sociale du don d'organes La théorie des représentations sociales (TRS) demeure sous-utilisée dans les sciences de la communication. Cette théorie aide à expliquer les relations entre la communication interpersonnelle, la cognition et les médias de masse, surtout dans les situations où l'émergence d,un nouveau phénomène requiert une certaine réaction sociale. Puisque le don d'organes demeure mal compris du public, en grande partie à cause de la télévision récréative, la TRS est utile pour aider les chercheurs et les intervenants à comprendre l,interaction complexe, dans une population, de facteurs contribuant à une réticence à donner ses organes après son décès. Dans cet article, il est soumis que les campagnes de communication publique devraient inclure des stratégies visant à provoquer la communication interpersonnelle sur le sujet, de manière à créer des représentations sociales qui promeuvent les comportements en appui à la santé publique. Abstract Die Schnittstelle zwischen persönlichem Gespräch, Kognitionen und Kampagnen: Die soziale Repräsentation von Organspende Bislang fand die Theorie der sozialen Repräsentation in der Kommunikationswissenschaft nur ungenügend Anwendung. Die Theorie erklärt die Beziehungen zwischen interpersonaler Kommunikation, Kognition und den Massenmedien, insbesondere in Situationen, in denen ein neues Phänomen zu Tage tritt, das eine bestimmte Art sozialer Reaktion erfordert. Da die Organspende vor allem aufgrund des Unterhaltungsfernsehens in der Öffentlichkeit immer noch eher schlecht verstanden ist, trägt die Theorie der sozialen Repräsentation dazu bei, dass Forscher und Praktiker das komplexe Zusammenspiel der Faktoren besser verstehen, welches die Zurückhaltung gegenüber der Spende von Organen nach dem Tod in verschiedenen Populationen beeinflusst. In diesem Artikel wird deshalb argumentiert, dass öffentliche Kommunikationskampagnen auch Strategien beinhalten sollten, die interpersonale Kommunikation zum Thema anregen, was wiederum als Mittel dient, soziale Repräsentationen herzustellen und Verhaltensweisen zu fördern, die der öffentlichen Gesundheit zuträglich sind. Resumen La Intersección entre la Conversación, las Cogniciones, y las Campañas: La Representación Social de la Donación de Órganos La teoría de las representaciones sociales (SRT) ha sido poco usada en el campo de la comunicación. Esta teoría ayuda a explicar las interrelaciones entre la comunicación interpersonal, la cognición y los medios de comunicación, particularmente en situaciones donde un nuevo fenómeno, que requiere algún tipo de respuesta social, emerge. Dado que la donación de órganos es poco comprendida por el público, en gran parte debido a la televisión de entretenimiento, la teoría de representación social (SRT) es apropiada para ayudar a los investigadores y los profesionales a entender la complejidad de la interacción de los factores que dentro de una población (o poblaciones) contribuyen a la renuencia a donar órganos después de la muerte. Este artículo sostiene que la comunicación pública de las campañas debería incluir estrategias que provoquen la comunicación interpersonal acerca del tema como un medio para crear representaciones sociales que promuevan los comportamientos de apoyo a la salud pública. ZhaiYao Yo yak [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||