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Social Outcomes (social + outcome)
Selected AbstractsSocial outcomes of children with AD/HD: Contributing factors and implications for practicePSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 6 2001Melissa Stormont The purposes of this article are to provide a review of the literature in the area of social characteristics of children with AD/HD, and to outline interventions for working with specific social problems. Research has consistently documented that children with AD/HD are more rejected and less accepted by their peers. Possible reasons for this peer rejection will be presented in this article and include inappropriate social behavior, social knowledge deficits and biases, and negative interactions with peers and teachers. Because children with AD/HD are at risk for negative social outcomes, multiple intervention options are necessary. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Five-year follow-up during antipsychotic treatment: efficacy, safety, functional and social outcomeACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2007E. Lindström Objective:, Explore the long-term course of schizophrenia and related disorders. Method:, Naturalistic study of 225 patients initially treated with risperidone (monotherapy or in combination with other psychotropic drugs) over 5 years. Results:, Stable symptomatology and side effects were observed. Clinician GAF scores were 55,61, but patients' self-ratings were higher. Clinician and patient CGI scores were at the same level. Annual in-patient days decreased but days in sheltered accommodations increased still more. Only 12% of the patients studied or worked full-time. One in four had no social contacts except with staff. Eight patients died during the 5 years. Conclusion:, The findings underline the chronicity and seriousness of psychotic disorders in terms of social outcome and, indirectly, the low quality of life of this group of persons. Patients were generally well aware of their illness and able to sort out symptoms from drug side effects. This opens for more active involvement of patients in monitoring their own treatment. [source] De novo epileptic confusion in the elderly: A 1-year prospective studyEPILEPSIA, Issue 6 2010Olivier Veran Summary Purpose:, Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is clinically difficult to diagnose, especially in old patients without epilepsy, and requires electroencephalography (EEG) for diagnosis. Its incidence among elderly patients with confusion of unknown origin (CUO) remains undetermined. Methods:, A 1-year prospective study was conducted in patients aged 60 years or older, for whom EEG was requested because of confusion considered to be of unknown origin after initial clinical, biologic, and imaging investigations. Diagnosis criteria included a validated clinical assessment scale to confirm confusion. Results:, Of 44 patients with confirmed CUO, 7 presented with de novo NCSE. NCSE population had a mean age of 76 years (range, 60,97 years). No statistically significant differences were found between NCSE patients and others for age, drugs, presence of myoclonia, eyelid myoclonia, tachycardia, or agitation. In contrast, an acute onset (<24 h), gender (100% female among NCSE patients), and lack of clinical response to simple commands were significantly associated with NCSE. No differences between the two groups were evidenced for mortality and morbidity (length of hospitalization, social outcome, and so on). Discussion:, Almost 16% of patients aged 60 or older with confusion of unknown origin had NCSE, according to this first prospective study. Female patients with rapid onset (<24 h) of symptoms and lack of response to simple commands were at a higher risk of presenting with NCSE. [source] A Theory of Migration as a Response to Relative DeprivationGERMAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 2 2000Oded Stark We model migration as a response to relative deprivation. We present a specific configuration of incomes in which the process of migration in response to relative deprivation reaches a steady state. However, for the general configuration of incomes we show that it is impossible to prove the existence of a steady state. We study the social welfare implications of the two cases and show that if individuals are left to pursue their betterment, the resulting state falls short of the best social outcome. We present several implications of the model including federalism and the demand for secession. [source] Treatment with intravenous hyperalimentation for severely anorectic patients and its outcomePSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES, Issue 3 2004TAKASHI TONOIKE md Abstract In treating patients with severe anorexia nervosa, it is important to improve their physical condition first. Patients who had lost close to 60% standard bodyweight (SBW) were candidates for inpatient treatment due to the mortality risk. With 80% SBW as the target for therapy, they were given both intravenous hyperalimentation and food by oral intake in order to improve their physical condition. In total, 51 patients were admitted. One died and four patients dropped out in the course of treatment. Forty-six patients who completed the inpatient treatment were reviewed. Although ,admitted ,with ,an ,average ,weight ,of ,approximately ,60%,SBW, ,they ,were ,discharged with a weight of approximately 80% SBW after approximately 60 days. An average follow up of 25.0 months was conducted, and two patients were found to have died. The mean weight, percentage resuming menstruation, and rehospitalization rate of the 44 survivors were 79% SBW, 23%, and 32%, respectively. The patients with the restricting type of anorexia had an earlier onset of the disorder and a better social outcome. Patients in whom onset occurred at a younger age had a better social outcome. After being discharged, the majority of the patients continued treatment as outpatients. Although the results were similar to those of conventional studies in terms of outcome, the shorter hospitalization was significant. Overall, in the treatment of patients with severe anorexia nervosa, it is important to begin psychotherapy while trying to improve their physical condition. [source] BENEFITS AND COSTS OF INTENSIVE FOSTER CARE SERVICES: THE CASEY FAMILY PROGRAMS COMPARED TO STATE SERVICESCONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 3 2009RICHARD O. ZERBE The foster care system attempts to prepare children and youth who have suffered child maltreatment for successful adult lives. This study documents the economic advantages of a privately funded foster care program that provided longer term, more intensive, and more expensive services compared to public programs. The study found significant differences in major adult educational, health, and social outcomes between children placed in the private program and those placed in public programs operated by Oregon and Washington. For the outcomes for which we could find financial data, the estimated present value of the enhanced foster care services exceeded their extra costs. Generalizing to the roughly 100,000 adolescents age 12-17 entering foster care each year, if all of them were to receive the private model of services, the savings for a single cohort of these children could be about $6.3 billion in 2007 dollars. (JEL D61, H75) [source] Early identification of non-remission in first-episode psychosis in a two-year outcome studyACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 5 2010E. Simonsen Simonsen E, Friis S, Opjordsmoen S, Mortensen EL, Haahr U, Melle I, Joa I, Johannessen JO, Larsen TK, Røssberg JI, Rund BR, Vaglum P, McGlashan TH. Early identification of non-remission in first-episode psychosis in a two-year outcome study. Objective:, To identify predictors of non-remission in first-episode, non-affective psychosis. Method:, During 4 years, we recruited 301 patients consecutively. Information about first remission at 3 months was available for 299 and at 2 years for 293 cases. Symptomatic and social outcomes were assessed at 3 months, 1 and 2 years. Results:, One hundred and twenty-nine patients (43%) remained psychotic at 3 months and 48 patients (16.4%) remained psychotic over 2 years. When we compared premorbid and baseline data for the three groups, the non-remitted (n = 48), remitted for <6 months (n = 38) and for more than 6 months (n = 207), duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) was the only variable that significantly differentiated the groups (median DUP: 25.5, 14.4 and 6.0 weeks, respectively). Three months univariate predictors of non-remission were being single, longer DUP, core schizophrenia, and less excitative and more negative symptoms at baseline. Two-year predictors were younger age, being single and male, deteriorating premorbid social functioning, longer DUP and core schizophrenia. In multivariate analyses DUP, negative and excitative symptoms predicted non-remission at 3 months, but only DUP predicted at 2 years. Conclusion:, Long DUP predicted both 3 month and 2-year non-remission rates in first-episode psychosis. [source] Targeting Inflation with a Role for MoneyECONOMICA, Issue 288 2005Ulf Söderström This paper demonstrates how a target for money growth can be beneficial for an inflation-targeting central bank acting under discretion. Because the growth rate of money is closely related to the change in the interest rate and the growth of real output, delegating a money growth target to the central bank makes discretionary policy more inertial, leading to better social outcomes. This delegation scheme is also compared with other schemes suggested in the literature. The results indicate that stabilizing money growth around a target can be a sensible strategy for monetary policy, although other delegation schemes are often more efficient. [source] Health and social care costs for young adults with epilepsy in the UKHEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY, Issue 5 2010Jennifer Beecham PhD Abstract Maintaining contact with services will help improve clinical and social outcomes as children with epilepsy move into their adult lives. This study has collated evidence on the extent to which young adults with epilepsy are supported by health and social care services posttransition, and the costs of such support. UK prevalence and service use data were taken from policy and research literature, as well as national data sets and reports. Costs were attached to these data to arrive at agency and overall total costs. There are approximately 42 000 young adults (18,25 years) with epilepsy costing the UK health and social care budgets £715.3 million per annum, on average £17 000 per young adult with epilepsy. A further £61 million falls to the social security budget. Most young adults with epilepsy will rarely use these services, but those with additional health needs have high and often long-term support needs, including supported accommodation and personal care. Current resources used by these young adults are summarised but deficits in service availability can mean long waiting times and sub-optimal treatment. Young adults also want more support to help them take advantage of education and employment opportunities and more information about managing the impacts of epilepsy on their lives. Improving services will cost money, but has the potential to lead to better outcomes for young adults. [source] The Law of the Land or the Law of the Land?: History, Law and Narrative in a Settler SocietyHISTORY COMPASS (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2004Bain Attwood This article considers the influence of a controversial historical work on the law, politics and society of a settler nation. It argues that the impact of Henry Reynolds's 1987 The Law of the Land on legal consideration of indigenous rights to land in Australia can be attributed to the fact that it is best described as juridical history. As such, it told a lego-historical story that provided the High Court of Australia with a new way of interpreting its own traditional narrative, which had long denied Aboriginal people their rights to land, thus enabling it to make a new determination of those rights as well as resolve a crisis of legitimacy for the law and the nation. This article also contends that this history-making came to be accepted by many settler Australians because it provided the nation with a newly redemptive, liberal myth narrative. It assesses the cost of a story of this kind, asking whether such simple histories can have an enduring effect, especially where their authors are reluctant to signpost the historical or literary form of their texts. Finally, it suggests that histories truer to the complexities of the past might produce better political and social outcomes. [source] Venture capitalists and entrepreneurs become venture philanthropistsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NONPROFIT & VOLUNTARY SECTOR MARKETING, Issue 3 2005John PepinArticle first published online: 19 AUG 200 Non-traditional charitable sources of revenue may be categorised as follows: Venture philanthropy: Human resources and funding invested as donation in the charity by entrepreneurs, venture capitalists, trusts and corporations in search of a social return on their investment. It involves high engagement over many years with fixed milestones and tangible returns and exit achieved by developing alternative, sustainable income. Commercial ventures: They seek a financial return on investment by creating a social enterprise operated by charities and their trading/holding companies alone or in partnership with the corporate sector, venture capitalists or investors to provide funding. Venture philanthropists may also ,invest' without establishing an equity position in the commercial enterprise. Any profits are re-directed to mission-related activity, although the business activity may or may not be mission related. Social venture capital: It funds commercial ventures (as above) but may not seek a complete return on investment; instead the investor may off set some or all of the investment against social outcomes. Within the context of venture philanthropy, this paper demonstrates how charities, venture capitalists and entrepreneurs may work together in strategic alliances. It explores venture philanthropy from the perspective of venture capitalists and entrepreneurs, giving examples. Charities are shown how to prepare themselves to take advantage of these entrepreneurial opportunities. Although the emphasis in this paper is on venture philanthropy, the processes outlined may be used to help a charity take advantage of opportunities within the broader social entrepreneurial context. Successful venture capitalists and entrepreneurs have demonstrated the ability to turn outline business ideas into big results, frequently in highly competitive business environments. A common characteristic that appears to unite these individuals when they divert their interest toward social ventures is a desire to apply their business-like approach, which includes planning processes, milestones and outcome measurement to their social venture activity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Adolescent motherhood: a Q-methodological re-evaluation of psychological and social outcomesJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 5 2007Jan Richards Abstract Traditionally, adolescent motherhood has been associated with numerous negative social, psychological and societal outcomes. However, in recent years there has been a gradual acceptance that there are many positive features to adolescent motherhood, but methodological issues have been identified within the field. This study aimed to examine adolescent motherhood from the mothers' own perspectives, exploring their attitudes towards the issues that they described as being important in their lives, by using Q-methodology in an attempt to counter some of these methodological limitations. The mothers within the study appeared to be coping positively in their role in that levels of symptomatology, as determined from questionnaire assessment, appeared to be relatively low and they indicated through Q-sort analysis that motherhood had been beneficial to their lives. Three independent factors (clusters of attitudes) were identified within the sample (N,=,23) which differed over the dimensions of: employment, social support, coping, partner co-habitation, financial support, maternal role satisfaction, aspirations for the future, as well as the nature of the relationship with their child(ren)'s father and their satisfaction with the fathers' role. The significance of these findings with regard to educational and social services is discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Online Communication and Adolescent Social Ties: Who benefits more from Internet use?,JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, Issue 3 2009Sook Jung Lee Literature suggests 4 hypotheses to explain social outcomes of online communication among adolescents: displacement, increase, rich-get-richer, and social-compensation hypotheses. The present study examines which hypothesis is supported, considering differences in social ties (time vs. quality of social relationships; parent-child relationships; friendships; school connectedness). This study's sample was 1,312 adolescents ages 12 to 18. Displacement hypothesis predicted negative associations between time in online communication and time with parents, but time with friends was not displaced. Examination of relationships among earlier sociability, online communication, and cohesive friendships supported the rich-get-richer hypothesis. That is, adolescents who already had strong social relationships at earlier ages were more likely to use online communication, which in turn predicted more cohesive friendships and better connectedness to school. [source] Social goals and conflict strategies of individuals with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities who present problems of aggressionJOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH, Issue 5 2008C. Pert Abstract Background A few recent studies have adopted a social cognitive perspective to explore how individuals with intellectual disabilities (IDs), who present problems of aggression, view their social world. The focus has mainly been on participants' perceptions of others' behaviour within conflict situations. The present exploratory study aims to compliment existing research by exploring social cognitive factors that may influence how individuals respond to conflict. Methods Study was carried out with 20 aggressive and 20 non-aggressive men and women who have a mild to moderate ID. The ,Social Goals and Strategies for Conflict' (SGASC) assessment was devised to explore whether group or gender differences could be found in participants' expected outcomes of aggressive strategies, their expected outcomes of submissive strategies and their emotional reaction to these outcomes. Participants' social goals within hypothetical situations of conflict were also explored. Results It was found that aggressive and non-aggressive participants have different social goals. There were no significant differences for expected outcomes of aggression or submissiveness. Nevertheless, a number of trends suggest that more aggressive participants expect negative outcomes for submissiveness compared with their non-aggressive peers. Conclusions While the findings of this study are tentative, investigating the social outcomes that are valued by individuals with ID who present problems of aggression appears to be a promising area for further research, with possible implications for clinical assessment and treatment. [source] More on the effectiveness of public spending on health care and education: a covariance structure modelJOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2003Emanuele Baldacci Using data for a sample of developing countries and transition economies, this paper estimates the relationship between government spending on health care and education and selected social indicators. Unlike previous studies, where social indicators are used as proxies for the unobservable health and education status of the population, this paper estimates a latent variable model. The findings suggest that public spending is an important determinant of social outcomes, particularly in the education sector. Overall, the latent variable approach yields better estimates of a social production function than the traditional approach, with higher elasticities of social indicators with respect to income and spending, therefore providing stronger evidence that increases in public spending do have a positive impact on social outcomes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Capital at Home and at School: A Review and SynthesisJOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY, Issue 4 2010Toby L. Parcel Human, financial, and social capital from several contexts affects child and adolescent well-being. Families and schools are among the most important, and research is increasingly studying how effects of capital across such contexts affect child and adolescent academic and social outcomes. Some research suggests that families may be more powerful than schools in promoting child and adolescent well-being. Additional research is needed to more fully understand how capital across institutions interacts in producing child well-being, when and why multiple institutions or levels of analysis are relevant, and how several contexts can form chains of causation. Theories of social capital may promote increased conversation among researchers who study the same outcomes yet focus their analyses on different contexts. [source] Epidemiological Personology: The Unifying Role of Personality in Population-Based Research on Problem BehaviorsJOURNAL OF PERSONALITY, Issue 6 2000Robert F. Krueger Epidemiological personology refers to a paradigm in which a developmental perspective on individual differences is paired with a population-based sampling frame to yield insights about the role of personality in consequential social outcomes. We review our work in epidemiological personology, linking personality to diverse, problematic social outcomes: Mental disorders, health-risk behaviors, and violence. We conclude that broad-band personality measurement is both feasible and fruitful in large-scale research on problem behaviors, and we call for increased collaboration between personality psychologists and researchers in fields such as public health, epidemiology, and sociology. [source] Consequences of an Adolescent Onset and Persistent Course of Alcohol Dependence in Men: Adolescent Risk Factors and Adult OutcomesALCOHOLISM, Issue 5 2010Brian M. Hicks Background:, While there is an extensive literature on the correlates of alcohol use disorders (AUD; alcohol abuse and dependence), there are relatively few prospective studies of representative birth cohorts that have examined the unique effects of an adolescent onset and persistent course of AUD on a wide range of psychosocial variables. Methods:, A longitudinal, community-based sample of 530 men was used to examine the impact of an adolescent onset (AUD+ at age 17) and persistent course (AUD+ at age 29) of AUD on adolescent and adult functioning including substance use, antisocial behavior, mental health problems, overall psychosocial functioning, environmental risk and protective factors, and social outcomes such as peer and romantic relationships, marriage, educational and occupational attainment, and parenthood. Results:, An adolescent onset of AUD (n = 57) was associated with severe deficits across multiple domains of psychosocial functioning in adolescence. Measures of behavioral disinhibition in adolescence were strong predictors of a persistent course of AUD (n = 93). Nearly 40% of men with an adolescent onset were able to desist by age 29, and were similar, but not identical to men who never experienced an AUD in terms of adult functioning. Men with an adolescent onset and persistent course of AUD exhibited the most severe deficits in functioning. Conclusion:, Results emphasize the importance of examining developmental course to understand the etiology of AUD. Our findings are optimistic in that individuals who desist from AUD are able to achieve high levels of psychosocial functioning. Our findings suggest that future research on the persistence of AUD into adulthood should focus on the contributions of behavioral disinhibition and social environment variables including peer and romantic relationships. [source] Mental Health Problems Among Single Mothers: Implications for Work and Welfare ReformJOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES, Issue 4 2000Rukmalie Jayakody Welfare reform's emphasis on work and self-sufficiency assumes that poor single mothers are similar in their status and functioning to the rest of the population. However, we find that their status is quite distinct. Logistic regression results reveal that the likelihood of working is 25% lower for those with a psychiatric disorder. Mental health problems may prevent women from undertaking the tasks necessary to find employment, or women with these problems may lack the self-confidence needed to take on new challenges. Our findings suggest that mental health problems among single mothers deserve greater attention as a barrier to self-sufficiency and highlight the need for more effective intervention and treatment efforts to improve economic and social outcomes. [source] The Self,Concept of Students with Learning Disabilities: A Meta,Analysis of Comparisons Across Different PlacementsLEARNING DISABILITIES RESEARCH & PRACTICE, Issue 4 2002Batya ElbaumArticle first published online: 17 DEC 200 Although placement in less restrictive settings is generally believed to be associated with more positive social outcomes for students with disabilities, the empirical research has yielded equivocal findings. The purpose of this study was to synthesize the empirical research comparing the self,concept of students with learning disabilities (LD) in different educational placements. Meta,analysis revealed no overall association between self,concept and educational placement for four out of five comparisons: regular class vs. resource room, regular class vs. self,contained class, resource room vs. self,contained class, and regular class vs. special school. Students with LD receiving instruction in self,contained classrooms in regular schools exhibited lower self,concept compared to students with LD attending special schools. Follow,up analyses were conducted to explore whether the variability of effect sizes in regular class,resource room comparisons was associated with any of several potential moderator variables; the only variable for which the association approached significance was whether students in the regular classroom were provided with appropriate special education supports and services. The findings are discussed in light of documented individual variation in students' placement preferences. [source] Variations in male parenting behavior and physiology in the common marmosetAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 6 2009Toni E. Ziegler Infant survival and wellbeing is dependent upon good parenting skills. In some species of primates, fathers are necessary to ensure both positive developmental and social outcomes for their offspring. Common marmosets and the related cotton-top tamarin monkeys provide extensive paternal care of multiple offspring and are essential for infant survival. However, we have found significant variation in a father's motivation to respond to infant stimuli. Additionally, marmoset males who are experienced fathers are significantly more motivated to respond to infants and infant stimuli than adult males who have yet to be fathers. Expectant fathers appear to be preparing for their energetic role in infant care by responding with increases in multiple reproductive hormones and showing weight gain during their mate's pregnancy. Male marmosets have been shown to be hormonally responsive to scent signals. Males show increased testosterone shortly after smelling periovulatory scents and lower levels of testosterone following presentation of their own infant's scent. These two inverse testosterone responses combined indicate that paternal males have a flexible system of responding to socially relevant odor cues. Thus males can be ready to mate when their mate is fertile while continuing to be responsive to their infants when these two events occur simultaneously. A male's hormonal and physical responsiveness to parenting may be due to pair bonding between the male and his mate. Examining the variability between males in their behavioral, physical, and hormonal responses to their mate's pregnancy, and infant stimuli provides the means for determining the mechanisms of good parenting in fathers. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Social outcomes of children with AD/HD: Contributing factors and implications for practicePSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS, Issue 6 2001Melissa Stormont The purposes of this article are to provide a review of the literature in the area of social characteristics of children with AD/HD, and to outline interventions for working with specific social problems. Research has consistently documented that children with AD/HD are more rejected and less accepted by their peers. Possible reasons for this peer rejection will be presented in this article and include inappropriate social behavior, social knowledge deficits and biases, and negative interactions with peers and teachers. Because children with AD/HD are at risk for negative social outcomes, multiple intervention options are necessary. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [source] Does Maternal Age Affect Children's Test Scores?THE AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, Issue 1 2010Andrew Leigh We estimate the relationship between maternal age and child outcomes, using indices aimed at measuring overall outcomes, learning outcomes and social outcomes. In all cases, we find evidence that children of older mothers have better outcomes. Not only do children born to mothers in their twenties do better than children born to teen mothers, but children born to mothers in their thirties do better than children born to mothers in their twenties. However, when we control for other socioeconomic characteristics, such as family income, parental education and single parenthood, the coefficients on maternal age become small and statistically insignificant. The only exception is an index of social outcomes, which is positively associated with maternal age, even controlling for socioeconomic factors. For cognitive outcomes, young motherhood appears to be a marker, not a cause, of poor child outcomes. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||