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Social Housing (social + housing)
Selected AbstractsBRITISH SOCIAL HOUSING AND THE VOLUNTARY SECTORECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 2 2008Robert Whelan Housing for the poor was a thriving part of the voluntary sector in the nineteenth century, providing thousands of homes through hundreds of societies without subsidy. It was undermined by state action which has effectively driven other providers from the field. [source] Neoliberalism, Contingency and Urban Policy: The Case of Social Housing in OntarioINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006JASON HACKWORTH Various authors have argued that common understandings of neoliberalism are flawed because they do not adequately account for its geographical contingency or internal contradictions. Many have suggested that neoliberalism is either too internally riven with contradiction to be considered a singular consistent project, or that its implementation is so locally contingent that we cannot plausibly speak of one ideal-type placeless ideology. Primarily based on interviews with over half of the municipal housing providers in Ontario, this article explores the extent to which the meta-ideas of neoliberalism are filtered and manifest (or not) locally. Social policy has been neoliberalized in Ontario at least since the advent of the ,common sense revolution' in 1995, when a Tory government was elected on a platform of neoliberal reform. The experience of social housing in the province, before, after and during the transition offers a useful window into the debate about the dissonance (or lack thereof) between ideal-type and contingent neoliberalism. Based on this case, we argue that, despite its obvious conceptual flaws, it is politically and analytically important to understand ideal-type neoliberalism better. [source] The Alchemists' Search for the Philosophers' Stone: The Status of Registered Social Landlords under the Human Rights ActTHE MODERN LAW REVIEW, Issue 5 2003Jill Morgan Social housing in Great Britain is undergoing a radical transformation with the transfer of local authority housing to housing associations, more particularly registered social landlords (RSLs). While the former are clearly ,public authorities' for the purposes of the Human Rights Act (HRA), the status of the latter is less clear. The first part of this article addresses the increasingly important role played by housing associations in the provision of social housing, and the significant implications of the stock transfer process. It goes on to explore the meaning of ,public authority' for the purposes of claims under the HRA, taking into account available approaches to interpretation as well as the tests traditionally used to determine amenability to judicial review. It concludes that there is a strong case for acknowledging that RSLs are hybrid authorities for the purposes of the HRA, given in particular their ,publicness' and the fact that they are often carrying out the same functions as local authorities. [source] Assessing the Fiscal Costs and Benefits of A8 Migration to the UK,FISCAL STUDIES, Issue 1 2010Christian Dustmann J61; H20 Abstract This paper assesses the fiscal consequences of migration to the UK from the Central and Eastern European countries that joined the European Union in May 2004 (A8 countries). We show that A8 immigrants who arrived after EU enlargement in 2004 and who have at least one year of residence, and are therefore legally eligible to claim benefits, are 59 per cent less likely than natives to receive state benefits or tax credits and 57 per cent less likely to live in social housing. Furthermore, even if A8 immigrants had the same demographic characteristics as natives, they would still be 13 per cent less likely to receive benefits and 29 per cent less likely to live in social housing. We go on to compare the net fiscal contribution of A8 immigrants with that of individuals born in the UK, and find that in each fiscal year since enlargement in 2004, irrespective of the way that the net fiscal contribution is defined, A8 immigrants made a positive contribution to the public finances despite the fact that the UK has been running a budget deficit over the last few years. This is because they have a higher labour force participation rate, pay proportionately more in indirect taxes and make much less use of benefits and public services. [source] Stress differentially regulates the effects of voluntary exercise on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of miceHIPPOCAMPUS, Issue 10 2009Timal S. Kannangara Abstract It has been well-established that cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus (DG) can be regulated by voluntary exercise. Recent evidence has suggested that the effects of voluntary exercise can in turn be influenced by environmental factors that regulate the amount of stress an animal is exposed to. In this study, we use bromodeoxyuridine and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry to show that voluntary exercise produces a significant increase in cell proliferation in the adult mouse DG in both isolated and socially housed mice. This effect on proliferation translates into an increase in neurogenesis and neuronal branching of new neurons in the mice that exercised. Although social condition did not regulate proliferation in young adult mice, an effect of social housing could be observed in mice exposed to acute restraint stress. Surprisingly, only exercising mice housed in isolated conditions showed an increase in cellular proliferation following restraint stress, whereas socially housed, exercising mice, failed to show a significant increase in proliferation. These findings indicate that social housing may increase the effects of any stressful episodes on hippocampal neurogenesis in the mouse DG. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Privatising social housing in TaiwanINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 1 2007William D.H. Li This article first reviews how the concept of privatisation has been referred to in the current restructuring of the social housing system, especially in the case of the UK. The term ,privatisation' is then examined in greater detail and its wider meaning is discussed. By using the network approach, privatisation in relation to housing can be understood in terms of the changing combinations of agents involved in providing social housing, which gives rise to the commodified impact on the distribution of social housing. By using the privatisation process of social housing in Taiwan as an example, three distinct combinations in terms of providing social housing are identified. With an increasing number of social housing units being provided by the marketised social housing model where private agents control the process of providing social housing, along with more market rules being involved in the provision and the partial removal of means tests in relation to the distribution of social housing, the privatisation of social housing development in Taiwan is having a major impact on equity. [source] Neoliberalism, Contingency and Urban Policy: The Case of Social Housing in OntarioINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006JASON HACKWORTH Various authors have argued that common understandings of neoliberalism are flawed because they do not adequately account for its geographical contingency or internal contradictions. Many have suggested that neoliberalism is either too internally riven with contradiction to be considered a singular consistent project, or that its implementation is so locally contingent that we cannot plausibly speak of one ideal-type placeless ideology. Primarily based on interviews with over half of the municipal housing providers in Ontario, this article explores the extent to which the meta-ideas of neoliberalism are filtered and manifest (or not) locally. Social policy has been neoliberalized in Ontario at least since the advent of the ,common sense revolution' in 1995, when a Tory government was elected on a platform of neoliberal reform. The experience of social housing in the province, before, after and during the transition offers a useful window into the debate about the dissonance (or lack thereof) between ideal-type and contingent neoliberalism. Based on this case, we argue that, despite its obvious conceptual flaws, it is politically and analytically important to understand ideal-type neoliberalism better. [source] Holistic trajectories: a study of combined employment, housing and family careers by using multiple-sequence analysisJOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY: SERIES A (STATISTICS IN SOCIETY), Issue 1 2007Gary Pollock Summary., Social science applications of sequence analysis have thus far involved the development of a typology on the basis of an analysis of one or two variables which have had a relatively low number of different states. There is a yet unexplored potential for sequence analysis to be applied to a greater number of variables and thereby a much larger state space. The development of a typology of employment experiences, for example, without reference to data on changes in housing, marital and family status is arguably inadequate. The paper demonstrates the use of sequence analysis in the examination of multivariable combinations of status as they change over time and shows that this method can provide insights that are difficult to achieve through other analytic methods. The data that are examined here provide support to intuitive understandings of clusters of common experiences which are both life course specific and related to socio-economic factors. Housing tenure is found to be of key importance in understanding the holistic trajectories that are examined. This suggests that life course trajectories are sharply differentiated by experience of social housing. [source] From need to choice, welfarism to advanced liberalism?LEGAL STUDIES, Issue 1 2005Problematics of social housing allocation Drawing on studies in governmentality, this paper considers the ways in which the selection and allocatioii of households for social housing have been conceptualised and treated as problematic. The paper urgues that the notion of ,need' emerged relatively slowly over the course of the twentieth century as the organising criterion of social housing. Yet ,need' became established as a powerful tool used to place those seeking social housing in hierarchies, and around which considerable expertise developed. While the principle of allocation on the basis of need has come to occupy a hegemonic position, it has operated it continual tension with competing criteria based on notions of suitability. As a consequence, this paper identifies risk management as a recurrent theme of housing management practices. By the 1960s need-based allocation was proving problematic in terms of who was being prioritised; it was also unuble to resist the challenge ofdeviant behaviour by tenunts and the apparent unpopularity of the social rented sector. We argue that the tramition to advanced liberalism prefaced a shift to new forms of letting accommodation bused on household choice, which have been portrayed as addressing core problems with the bureaucratically-driven system. We conclude by reflecting on the tensions inherent in seeking to foster choice, while continuing to adhere to the notion of need. [source] Ghettos in Canada's cities?THE CANADIAN GEOGRAPHER/LE GEOGRAPHE CANADIEN, Issue 3 2006Racial segregation, ethnic enclaves, poverty concentration in Canadian urban areas Recent literature suggests a growing relationship between the clustering of certain visible minority groups in urban neighbourhoods and the spatial concentration of poverty in Canadian cities, raising the spectre of ghettoization. This paper examines whether urban ghettos along the U.S. model are forming in Canadian cities, using census data for 1991 and 2001 and borrowing a neighbourhood classification system specifically designed for comparing neighbourhoods in other countries to the U.S. situation. Ecological analysis is then performed in order to compare the importance of minority concentration, neighbourhood classification and housing stock attributes in improving our understanding of the spatial patterning of low-income populations in Canadian cities in 2001. The findings suggest that ghettoization along U.S. lines is not a factor in Canadian cities and that a high degree of racial concentration is not necessarily associated with greater neighbourhood poverty. On the other hand, the concentration of apartment housing, of visible minorities in general, and of a high level of racial diversity in particular, do help in accounting for the neighbourhood patterning of low income. We suggest that these findings result as much from growing income inequality within as between each visible minority group. This increases the odds of poor visible minorities of each group ending up in the lowest-cost, least-desirable neighbourhoods from which they cannot afford to escape (including social housing in the inner suburbs). By contrast, wealthier members of minority groups are more mobile and able to self-select into higher-status ,ethnic communities'. This research thus reinforces pleas for a more nuanced interpretation of segregation, ghettoization and neighbourhood dynamics. Il ressort de la littérature la plus récente qu'il existerait une association de plus en plus étroite entre la forte concentration en milieu urbain de personnes appartenant à des groupes de minorités visibles et la concentration spatiale de la pauvreté dans les villes canadiennes, phénomène qui n'est pas sans soulever le spectre de la ghettoïsation. C'est dans cette optique que ce papier examine si les ghettos urbains à l'américaine ont vu le jour dans les villes canadiennes, à partir des données des recensements de 1991 et de 2001 et à l'aide d'un système de classification des quartiers conçu spécifiquement pour établir des comparaisons entre les quartiers de différents pays et ceux des États-Unis. Une analyse écologique est ensuite menée afin de comparer l'importance de la concentration des minorités, la classification par quartier, et les caractéristiques du parc de logements et ainsi mieux comprendre la configuration spatiale des populations à faible revenu dans les villes canadiennes en 2001. Les résultats laissent entendre que la ghettoïsation à l'américaine n'est pas un facteur à prendre en compte en ce qui concerne les villes canadiennes, et que la tendance vers une concentration de groupes ethniques n'est pas nécessairement associée au niveau de pauvreté dans le voisinage. En revanche, la concentration d'immeubles à logements multiples, de minorités visibles en général et d'un niveau élevé de diversité raciale en particulier, expliquent, en partie, la distribution des personnes à faible revenu dans le voisinage. Ces résultats laissent entendre que la croissance de l'inégalité des revenus au sein des groupes de minorités visibles est aussi importante que l'inégalité qui existe entre eux. Ceci augmente les chances que les membres les plus défavorisés de tous les groupes de minorités visibles échouent dans un quartier précaire et moins que désirable duquel ils n'ont pas les moyens de s'échapper (y compris les logements sociaux dans les quartiers centraux). Par contre, les membres les plus aisés des groupes minoritaires peuvent choisir de vivre dans une ,communauté ethnique, dont le statut socio-économique est plus élevé. Cette recherche peut servir dans les plaidoyers en faveur d'une interprétation plus nuancée de la ségrégation, la ghettoïsation et les dynamiques de quartier. [source] Survey of environmental enhancement programs for laboratory primatesAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Kate C. Baker Abstract Animal welfare regulations in the United States require that nonhuman primate environmental enhancement plans be made in accordance with currently accepted professional standards; however, little information is available for quantifying common practice. Here we report the results of a 2003 survey that was sent to individuals overseeing enrichment programs at a variety of primate research institutions. The surveys requested information on program administration and management, implementation standards, procedures, and constraints pertaining to major categories of environmental enrichment, as well as intervention plans for animals exhibiting behavioral pathologies. Data were obtained on the management of 35,863 primates in 22 facilities. Behavioral scientists performed program oversight at the majority of facilities. Most programs reported recent changes, most commonly due to external site visits, and least commonly resulting from internal review. Most facilities' institutional animal care and use committees (IACUCs) included of individuals with behavioral expertise, and about two-thirds reported that enrichment issues could influence research protocol design. While most primates were reported to be housed socially (73%), social housing for indoor-housed primates appears to have changed little over the past 10 years. Research protocol issues and social incompatibility were commonly cited constraints. Implementation of feeding, manipulanda, and structural enrichment was relatively unconstrained, and contributions to these aspects of behavioral management generally included individuals in a wide variety of positions within a facility. In contrast, enrichment devices were used on a less widespread basis within facilities, and positive reinforcement programs that involved dedicated trainers were rare. We suggest that altering the role of the IACUC would be a productive avenue for increasing the implementation of social housing, and that an emphasis on prevention rather than intervention against behavioral pathology is warranted. The data from this survey may be useful for anticipating future program evaluations, establishing more effective internal evaluations, and assessing program progress and resource allocation. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1,18, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The Alchemists' Search for the Philosophers' Stone: The Status of Registered Social Landlords under the Human Rights ActTHE MODERN LAW REVIEW, Issue 5 2003Jill Morgan Social housing in Great Britain is undergoing a radical transformation with the transfer of local authority housing to housing associations, more particularly registered social landlords (RSLs). While the former are clearly ,public authorities' for the purposes of the Human Rights Act (HRA), the status of the latter is less clear. The first part of this article addresses the increasingly important role played by housing associations in the provision of social housing, and the significant implications of the stock transfer process. It goes on to explore the meaning of ,public authority' for the purposes of claims under the HRA, taking into account available approaches to interpretation as well as the tests traditionally used to determine amenability to judicial review. It concludes that there is a strong case for acknowledging that RSLs are hybrid authorities for the purposes of the HRA, given in particular their ,publicness' and the fact that they are often carrying out the same functions as local authorities. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||