			Home About us Contact

Social Acceptance (social + acceptance)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	35%
Humanities and Social Sciences	28%
Psychology	21%

Selected Abstracts

Gender, Delinquent Status, and Social Acceptance as Predictors of the Global Self-Esteem of Teens

FAMILY & CONSUMER SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL, Issue 3 2005
William Scott Forney
The combinations of gender, delinquent status, and social acceptance were examined as predictors of the global self-esteem of teens. Participants (N = 225) were aged 13 to 17 and included juvenile delinquents (n = 60) and high school students (n = 165) in one county in a southwest state. Factor analyses identified two dimensions of social acceptance (social verification, social interaction) and global self-esteem (self-respect, self-acceptance). Multiple regression analyses revealed the combination of gender (males) as a weak predictor and social verification as a strong predictor for self-acceptance and social interaction as a strong predictor for self-respect. Delinquent status did not predict global self-esteem. For these teens, the findings support the role of self-confirming feedback in the development of self-acceptance and the importance of socialization in forming self-respect. Implications for building self-esteem among teens are drawn for parents, high school teachers, and secondary schools. [source]

The need for an evidence-based decision-making process with regard to control of hepatitis A

JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS, Issue 2008
A. Gentile
Summary., Universal hepatitis A (HA) vaccination was implemented by the Argentinean Ministry of Health in June 2005 with a single dose at age 12 months. The decision was made taking into account the following factors. (1) Disease burden: The incidence rate for the disease increased from 2003 to 2004; the northern and western regions of the country were the most affected. Sero-prevalence data for children 1,15 years old was 54% for the whole country, with differences per region and age. From May 1982 to September 2002, 210 patients were recruited with acute hepatic failure; HA was the aetiology in 61% of them. (2) Cost-effectiveness: Compared with no vaccination, the one-dose schedule would save US$15.3 millions, with regional variations. (3) Vaccine features: Immunization with one-dose schedule HA vaccine confers good immunogenicity and effectiveness. (4) Programmatic feasibility: The National Immunizations Program has appropriate distribution system for vaccines, with adequate cold chain. (5) Social acceptance and political compromise: The population largely accepts HA vaccination and the national authorities should be committed to providing it regularly. The main global issue is that hepatitis A virus infection remains the most commonly reported vaccine-preventable disease in many parts of the world despite the availability of vaccines. [source]

Aggressive behaviour and social problem-solving strategies: a review of the findings of a seven-year follow-up from childhood to late adolescence

CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 4 2001
Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen PhD Professor
Objectives In a seven-year follow-up study, the author and colleagues examined the development of social skills from childhood to late adolescence, with a particular focus on aggressive behaviour. This paper presents a review of the most important findings of the project. Results and conclusions Social strategies explained aggressive behaviour, and changes of strategies predicted changes of behaviour. Aggressive behaviour was, however, very stable, and spontaneous change from an aggressive child to a sociable adolescent was not observed. This emphasizes an importance of early prevention of aggression. Disagreement between the children's and their parents' problem-solving strategies was apparent, suggesting that interventions to reduce a child's aggression should be augmented by educating the parents about their children's behaviour. The role of peers was important because the child's concept of his or her strategies was dependent on his or her social acceptance, and this should be taken into account in interventions. Finally, as approval or disapproval of aggression is related to behaviour, moral cognitions should be included in the interventions. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source]

THE THERAPEUTIC EXCEPTION: ABORTION, STERILIZATION AND MEDICAL NECESSITY IN COSTA RICA

DEVELOPING WORLD BIOETHICS, Issue 2 2007
MARÍA CARRANZA
ABSTRACT Based on the case of Rosa, a nine-year-old girl who was denied a therapeutic abortion, this article analyzes the role played by the social in medical practice. For that purpose, it compares the different application of two similar pieces of legislation in Costa Rica, where both the practice of abortion and sterilization are restricted to the protection of health and life by the Penal Code. As a concept subject to interpretation, a broad conception of medical necessity could enable an ample use of the therapeutic exception and a liberal use of both surgeries. The practice of therapeutic sterilization has been generalized in Costa Rica and has become the legitimate way to distribute contraceptive sterilization. In contrast, therapeutic abortion is very rarely practiced. The analysis carried out proposes that it is the difference in social acceptance of abortion and sterilization that explains the different use that doctors, as gatekeepers of social morality, make of medical necessity. [source]

Does sports participation during adolescence prevent later alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use?

ADDICTION, Issue 1 2009
Tove Wichstrøm
ABSTRACT Aims To study whether participation in organized sports during adolescence predicts increased smoking of tobacco, alcohol intoxication and cannabis use from late adolescence to adulthood when controlling for potential confounders. Moreover, to study whether such increased drug use varies according to type of sport (team versus individual), main skills needed (endurance, strength or technical) and level of competition. Design, setting and participants Survey of national sample of Norwegian high school students (aged 13,19 years) in 1992 (T1) followed-up in 1994 (T2), 1999 (T3) and 2006 (T4) (n = 3251). Measurements Outcome measures included smoking of tobacco and 12-month prevalences of alcohol intoxication and cannabis use, respectively. Confounders included pubertal timing, friends' drug use, perceived social acceptance, grades and parental socio-economic status. Findings Latent growth curve analyses showed that initial level of participation in organized sports predicted growth in alcohol intoxication. Those involved initially in team sports had greater growth in alcohol intoxication, but lower growth in tobacco use and cannabis use, during the adolescent and early adult years compared to those involved in technical or strength sports. Practising endurance sports, as opposed to technical or strength sports, predicted reduced growth in alcohol intoxication and tobacco use. Conclusions Sports participation in adolescence, and participation in team sports in particular, may increase the growth in alcohol intoxication during late adolescent and early adult years, whereas participation in team sports and endurance sports may reduce later increase in tobacco and cannabis use. [source]

One size does not fit all: how the tobacco industry has altered cigarette design to target consumer groups with specific psychological and psychosocial needs

ADDICTION, Issue 11 2003
Benjamin Lê Cook
ABSTRACT Aims To identify whether the tobacco industry has targeted cigarette product design towards individuals with varying psychological/psychosocial needs. Design Internal industry documents were identified through searches of an online archival document research tool database using relevancy criteria of consumer segmentation and needs assessment. Findings The industry segmented consumer markets based on psychological needs (stress relief, behavioral arousal, performance enhancement, obesity reduction) and psychosocial needs (social acceptance, personal image). Associations between these segments and smoking behaviors, brand and design preferences were used to create cigarette brands targeting individuals with these needs. Conclusions Cigarette brands created to address the psychological/psychosocial needs of smokers may increase the likelihood of smoking initiation and addiction. Awareness of targeted product development will improve smoking cessation and prevention efforts. [source]

Pathos and Patina: The Failure and Promise of Constitutionalism in the European Imagination

EUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 1 2003
Ulrich Haltern
Legal studies react to the Union's social legitimacy deficit either by funnelling the problem to empirical sociology (accompanied by the familiar call for more transparency and democracy), or by ignoring it altogether. This article argues that the crisis in social acceptance can be traced back to the texture of EU law. Law is more than a body of rules: it is a social practice, a structure of meaning, and a system of beliefs. In this light, national law has a richly textured fabric of cultural resources to rely on, which makes it ,ours'. In contrast, EU law embodies the fluid surface of consumer identity and appears less ,ours'. The Union's counter,measures,adding pathos and patina to neutralise our distrust,have proven unsuccessful. Neither will a new written Constitution be particularly helpful. The way out, rather, is coming to terms with the market citizen, rather than believing in, and forcing upon the consumer, stories of shared values and historically situated commonality. [source]

Gender, Delinquent Status, and Social Acceptance as Predictors of the Global Self-Esteem of Teens

The patient movement as an emancipation movement

HEALTH EXPECTATIONS, Issue 2 2008
Charlotte Williamson OBE MA PhD
Abstract Objective, To suggest that the patient movement is an emancipation movement. Background, The patient movement is young and fragmented; and it can seem confusing because it lacks an explicit ideology with intellectual and theoretical underpinnings. Methods, Drawing mainly on the experiences and the published writings of patient activists, the author identified eight aspects of the patient movement that could be compared with aspects of recognized emancipation movements: the radicalization of activists; the creation of new knowledge; the identification of guiding principles; the sense of direction; the unmasking of new issues; schisms within the movement and allies outside it; and the gradual social acceptance of some of the ideas (here standards of health care) that activists work to promote. Results, Similarities between certain aspects of the patient movement and of the recognized emancipation movements were close. Conclusion, The patient movement can be regarded as an emancipation movement, albeit an immature one. [source]

Attitudes of mental health professionals about mental illness: a review of the recent literature

JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
Otto Wahl
A large body of research has documented public attitudes toward people with mental illness. The current attitudes of the people who provide services to those with psychiatric disorders are important to understand, as well. The authors review what studies over the past 5 years reveal about the attitudes of psychiatric professionals. Empirical studies of the attitudes of mental health professionals, published since 2004, were identified and reviewed. Only 19 such studies were found. Most of these studies revealed overall positive attitudes among mental health professionals. However, evidence of negative attitudes and expectations was also found, particularly with respect to social acceptance of people with mental illness. Results indicate a need for greater research attention to mental health professionals' views and for improved attitudes among caregivers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescence: Their Relations with Classroom Problem Behavior and Peer Status

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 4 2002
Jeff Kiesner
It has been suggested that early antisocial behavior plays a causal role in the development of depression during childhood and adolescence through pervasive failures in social competence and social acceptance (Patterson & Capaldi, 1990). The present study was conducted to test this hypothesis by examining longitudinal data from a sample of 215 Italian middle school students. Analyses revealed that Time 1 (T1) problem behavior predicted both Time 2 (T2) peer status and T2 depressive symptoms, even after controlling for T1 peer status and depressive symptoms, respectively. Moreover, T1 peer status predicted depressive symptoms at T2, even after controlling for prior levels of depressive symptoms. However, analyses did not support the hypothesis that peer rejection mediates the effects of problem behavior on depression. [source]

Biohistorical approaches to "race" in the United States: Biological distances among African Americans, European Americans, and their ancestors,

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
Heather J.H. Edgar
Abstract Folk taxonomies of race are the categorizations used by people in their everyday judgments concerning the persons around them. As cultural traditions, folk taxonomies may shape gene flow so that it is unequal among groups sharing geography. The history of the United States is one of disparate people being brought together from around the globe, and provides a natural experiment for exploring the relationship between culture and gene flow. The biohistories of African Americans and European Americans were compared to examine whether population histories are shaped by culture when geography and language are shared. Dental morphological data were used to indicate phenotypic similarity, allowing diachronic change through United States history to be considered. Samples represented contemporary and historic African Americans and European Americans and their West African and European ancestral populations (N = 1445). Modified Mahalanobis' D2 and Mean Measure of Divergence statistics examined how biological distances change through time among the samples. Results suggest the social acceptance for mating between descendents of Western Europeans and Eastern and Southern European migrants to the United States produced relatively rapid gene flow between the groups. Although African Americans have been in the United States much longer than most Eastern and Southern Europeans, social barriers have been historically stronger between them and European Americans. These results indicate that gene flow is in part shaped by cultural factors such as folk taxonomies of race, and have implications for understanding contemporary human variation, relationships among prehistoric populations, and forensic anthropology. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC) in Palliative Surgery of Head and Neck Malignancies

THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 7 2002
Ulrich Hauser MD
Abstract Objectives Surgical reduction of bulky disease is an important treatment option in patients with incurable head and neck malignancies. In general, conventional tumor ablation is associated with significant hemorrhage, and the resulting tumorous wound surface entails aftercare problems. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) represents a novel technique providing effective hemostasis and wound sealing. Thus, APC features requirements of particular interest in palliative surgery of the head and neck. Study Design Using APC, we performed 18 palliative tumor resections in a series of 8 consecutive patients with recurrent head and neck lesions. Five patients received repeated APC treatment up to five times. Methods APC as non-contact, high-frequency electrosurgery under inert argon plasma atmosphere allows dissection, hemostasis, and desiccation of tumor tissue in a one-step procedure. In consideration of the limited and heterogeneous group of patients, results are interpreted descriptively. Results In every case of palliative surgery, APC caused efficient hemostasis, which helped significantly to reduce both time exposure of the operation and intraoperative loss of blood. Only one APC-unrelated complication occurred (transient rhino-liquorrhea), and none of the patients developed postoperative hemorrhage. Finally, APC produced dry and clean wound surfaces facilitating surgical aftercare. The achieved esthetic and functional improvements strengthened the patient's autonomy and social acceptance. Conclusion APC is highly recommended for palliative surgery of head and neck malignancies. [source]

Children's understanding of mental illness: an exploratory study

CHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 1 2008
C. Fox
Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate children's thinking about mental illness by employing a well-established framework of adult illness understanding. Methods The study adopted a semistructured interview technique and a card selection task to assess children's responses to causes, consequences, timeline and curability of the different types of mental illness. The children were aged between 5 and 11 years. Results Results indicated a developmental trend in the children's thinking about mental illness; there was an increase in the children's understanding of the causes, consequences, curability and timeline of mental illness with age. The older children demonstrated a more sophisticated and accurate thinking about mental illness compared with the younger children, who tended to rely on a medical model in order to comprehend novel mental illnesses. Furthermore, the girls exhibited more compassion, showing greater social acceptance compared with the boys. Conclusions The Leventhal model provides a useful framework within which to investigate children's knowledge and understanding of mental illness. Limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed. [source]