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Soxhlet Method (soxhlet + method)
Selected AbstractsEVALUATION OF EXTRACTS FROM BAMBOO FOR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CULEX PIPIENS PALLENSINSECT SCIENCE, Issue 4 2004Hai-qun Cao Abstract The extracts from 7 species of bamboo were tested for larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens pallens. At the tested concentration, the extracts of selected bamboo had different degree of toxic effects on the fourth instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens. Among them, the extracts of Pleioblastus juxianensis, Brachystachyum albostriatum, Phyllostachys platyglossa and Pleioblastus amarus were found to be effective with LC50values at 24 h of 30.65 mg/L, 53.94 mg/L, 41.21 mg/L and 54.49 mg/L respectively, against Culex pipiens pallens larvae. The extract of Pleioblastus juxianensis by Soxhlet method showed stronger activity than the extract obtained by interval-shaking, the LC50 of which were 30.65 mg/L and 48.34 mg/L, respectively. The diethyl ether extract of Pleioblastus juxianensis exhibited better larvicidal activity than the methanol extract and the petroleum ether extract. The results would help to provide the basis for the study of environment acceptable pesticide for mosquito control, and also help to comprehensively utilize the source of bamboo. [source] Comparison of mesenteric and tissue fat content in relation to sexual cycle of the sardine, Sardina pilchardus (Walb., 1792), in the eastern Middle Adriatic fishery grounds (Croatia)JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY, Issue 5 2009B. Musta Summary The study objective was to analyse Sardina pilchardus (Walb., 1792) for mesenteric fat, which is easier to evaluate than the muscle lipid, for comparisons thereof with the sexual cycle and condition of the examined specimens. Fat reserves, moisture and the sexual cycle of sardines were studied from monthly random samples of purse seine catches from March 2004 to February 2005. A total of 1209 specimens were collected (668 males; 541 females). Total length and mass ranged from 13.0 to 19.0 cm and from 16.7 to 51.5 g, respectively. Lipid analyses in muscle tissues were done using the Soxhlet method. An inverse relation between fat content and the sexual cycle was established. Greatest fat quantities were observed in August (72%) during the gonadal resting phase; lowest values were noted in winter, and in spring during the spawning period peak. Moisture content and sexual cycle were positively correlated (r = 0.7913). Total lipids in sardine tissues were higher in females than in males; however, the moisture content was higher in males than in females. [source] Trans Fatty Acid Content of Selected Foods in an African-American CommunityJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 6 2006Z. Huang ABSTRACT:,Trans fatty acid content was examined in several grocery foods and fast foods in an African-American community. Food samples were selected based on the frequency of use among this population group in the local community. Samples were collected 3 times with an interval of 1 wk. Total fat content was analyzed by Soxhlet method. Fatty acids profile, including trans fatty acids, was analyzed by GC,MS. In grocery foods, no trans fatty acids were detected in fish sticks, salad dressing, mayonnaise, muffin, and potato chips. Margarine contained the highest trans fatty acid at a level of 19.13%. The trans fatty acid level in crackers, cookies, butter, chicken patties, and biscuits mix ranged from 0.51% to 1.77%. In fast foods, no trans fat was detected in dressing. All the fried food and bakery food sampled in this study contain trans fat. The level varied from 2.07% to 10.30%. The principal trans fatty acid was trans 18:1. Other trans fatty acids found were trans 18:2, trans 19:1, and trans 16:1. In a total of 23 food samples, 16 of them were found to contain trans fatty acid. The results demonstrated that trans fat is commonly found in foods of the African-American community. The trans fatty acids content in tested samples varied from 0% to 19.13%. [source] Preferential extractability of ,-oryzanol from dried soapstock using different solventsJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 2 2009Raj R Kumar Abstract BACKGROUND: ,-Oryzanol from rice bran has lately gained potential importance because of its proven health benefits. Thus the extractability of ,-oryzanol from the soapstock of crude rice bran oil is important from the perspective of future large-scale production, which would give value addition to this by-product obtained from the rice bran oil industry. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extraction of ,-oryzanol from the drum-dried soapstock of rice bran oil using various solvents. RESULTS: It was found that ,-oryzanol could be extracted most effectively using ethyl acetate, followed by dichloromethane and ethyl methyl ketone. All components of ,-oryzanol have an alcohol group in the ferulate portion giving rise to relatively high polarity, thereby increasing the extraction in more polar solvents efficiently. Ethyl acetate showed maximum extractability of ,-oryzanol by the Soxhlet method. To quantify ,-oryzanol, reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used for fingerprinting the ,-oryzanol analogues with respect to standard ,-oryzanol. CONCLUSION: A new RP-HPLC method for determining the individual components of ,-oryzanol has been reported that can be used for performing an online characterisation of ,-oryzanol analogues by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Selective ultrasound-assisted extractions of lipophilic constituents from Betula alleghaniensis and B. papyrifera wood at low temperaturesPHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, Issue 4 2007J.-M. Lavoie Abstract Betula alleghaniensis and B. papyrifera are widely distributed in the province of Québec (Canada) and, since these trees are valuable exports for the local lumber industry, large amounts of their residual ligneous biomass are available for further exploitation. Betula species are well known for their significant concentrations of triterpenes, some of which were recently discovered to present promising bioactivity. The secondary transformation of birch biomass could therefore become important for many industries, particularly the pharmaceutical industry. In the present study, extracts from birch sawdust were obtained using an optimised ultrasound-assisted extraction in which the careful choice of temperature permitted a selective extraction of the targeted triterpenes. Moreover, compared with the classical Soxhlet method, higher extraction yields were obtained in a shorter time. The lipophilic extracts obtained using dichloromethane as a solvent were analysed by GC-MS and the major compounds identified as lupane-type cyclic triterpenoids accompanied by the non-cyclic triterpene squalene. Numerous aliphatic long-chain fatty acids were also found in the extracts together with phytosterols. Betulonic acid and squalene, the major extract constituents for both B. alleghaniensis and B. papyrifera, are both bioactive molecules. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||