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Sodium Sulphate (sodium + sulphate)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Leukocyte rolling is exclusively mediated by P-selectinin colonic venules

BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY, Issue 7 2002
Ming Xiu Wan
The objective of the present study was to examine the role of the endothelial selectins (i.e. P- and E-selectin) in leukocyte-endothelium interactions in colonic venules by use of intravital microscopy. Balb/c mice were exposed to dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in the drinking water for 5 days or treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with tumour necrosis factor-, (TNF-,) for 3 h. In DSS-treated mice, mRNA of both P- and E-selectin were expressed and leukocyte rolling and adhesion was increased to 27±3 cells min,1 and 36±8 cells mm,1, respectively. An anti-P-selectin antibody abolished DSS-induced leukocyte rolling, whereas an antibody against E-selectin had no effect. Established leukocyte adhesion was insensitive to inhibition of the selectins. DSS markedly increased production of TNF-, in the colon. TNF-, increased leukocyte rolling to 22±3 cells min,1 and adhesion to 45±4 cells mm,1. Only inhibition of P-selectin significantly reduced (>94%) leukocyte rolling provoked by TNF-,. Leukocyte adhesion was not changed by late anti-P-selectin antibody treatment. In contrast, pretreatment with the anti-P-selectin antibody not only abolished leukocyte rolling but also completely inhibited firm adhesion in response to TNF-,. This study demonstrates that P-selectin plays an important role in leukocyte rolling in colonic venules, both in experimental colitis and when stimulated with TNF-,. Moreover, P-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling was found to be a precondition for TNF-,-induced firm adhesion. Thus, these findings suggest that P-selectin may be a key target to reduce pathological recruitment of inflammatory cells in the colon. British Journal of Pharmacology (2002) 135, 1749,1756; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704638 [source]

Insulin-like growth factor 1-coated sutures improve anastomotic healing in an experimental model of colitis,

BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 2 2010
E. Rijcken
Background: Exogenously applied insulin-like growth factor (rhIGF-1) may improve normal intestinal healing. This study examined the effect of rhIGF-1-coated sutures on anastomotic healing in experimental colitis. Methods: Acute colitis was induced in rats by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). Inflammation was assessed by clinical Disease Activity Index (DAI), myeloperoxidase (MPO) measurement and histological examination. A distal colonic anastomosis was performed using sutures coated with rhIGF-1 dissolved in poly(D,L -lactide) (PDLLA) under general anaesthetic. Anastomotic healing was evaluated histologically, and by hydroxyproline measurement and bursting parameters after 1, 3 and 7 days, and compared with healthy, DSS and DSS + PDLLA controls. Results: DAI, MPO and histological inflammation scores were significantly increased in all animals treated with DSS. Bursting occurred less often within the anastomotic line on day 3 in the IGF group than in DSS controls (three versus eight of ten). On day 7, the IGF group had significantly increased histological healing scores (mean(s.e.m.) 12·5(0·7) versus 9·2(0·8) (P < 0·050)) and hydroxyproline content (4·6(0·3) versus 3·6(0·1) mg/g tissue; P < 0·050) compared with DSS controls. Conclusion: IGF-1-coated sutures improve important aspects of anastomotic healing in rats with experimental colitis. Copyright © 2010 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Interferon-gamma is causatively involved in experimental inflammatory bowel disease in mice

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
R. Ito
Summary Cytokines may be crucially involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but it remains controversial whether interferon (IFN)-,, a typical proinflammatory cytokine, is an essential mediator to cause the disorders. In the present study, IFN-,,/, and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were fed 2·5% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days, in order to investigate DSS-induced intestinal inflammation. The DSS-treated WT mice exhibited a robust production of IFN-, in the gut, a remarkable loss of body weight, as well as high rate of mortality (60%). In striking contrast, IFN-, deficient mice did not develop DSS-induced colitis, as indicated by the maintenance of body weight and survival rate of 100%. Severe intestinal inflammation was demonstrated exclusively in WT animals in terms of the shortening of the bowel as well as the elevation of the disease activity index, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and serum haptoglobin level. Histological study of DSS-treated WT intestine revealed disruption of mucosal epithelium and massive infiltration of inflammatory cells, while the organ from IFN-,,/, mice remained virtually normal in appearance. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses indicated abundant production of three chemokines, i.e. monokine induced by interferon-, (MIG), interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), in the DSS-irritated intestine of WT but not of IFN-,,/, mice. The present results demonstrate clearly that IFN-, plays indispensable roles in the initiation of DSS colitis, and some chemokines are produced in an IFN-,-dependent fashion. [source]

A study on the spectral changes of reactive textile dyes and their implications for online control of dyeing processes

COLORATION TECHNOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
Jorge G Santos
Evidence is presented that confirms the colour changes of a widely used trichromatic mixture of bifunctional reactive dyes (Levafix CA) under alkaline conditions, showing that they occur slowly and throughout the dyeing time, and not instantly after alkali addition to the dyebath. Thus, it is impossible to determine the specific absorptivity of the dyes at each moment of the dyeing process. An investigation into the relationship of the type of reactive group to the dye and the visible spectral changes over time was undertaken. Model reactive dyes were studied. The samples collected from the simulated dyebaths were monitored online using an automated system and their absorption on the whole of the visible spectrum was measured. The studies of dyes that included halo- s -triazinyl groups revealed the existence of hypochromic shifts in the spectra of the dyes in the presence of an electrolyte (sodium chloride or sodium sulphate) and bathochromic and hyperchromic shifts, when evaluated in the presence of alkaline agents. However, the vinylsulphonyl derivatives present a more stable spectral profile. The use of buffer solution at pH 5 was an efficient method to stabilise the absorption profile of Levafix CA trichromatic samples. [source]

Effects of a cationic diblock copolymer derived from [2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride in the dyeing of cotton with reactive dye

COLORATION TECHNOLOGY, Issue 4 2008
Shin Young Han
A cationic diblock copolymer (PEO45 -MeDMA) derived from [2-(methacryloyloxy)-ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MeDMA) gave a positive charge to a cotton surface and provided strong attraction to an anionically charged reactive dye. PEO45 -MeDMA was used as the cotton pretreatment. The dyeability of cationised cotton fabrics using CI Reactive Blue 250 was found to be dependent on the PEO45 -MeDMA concentration. The colour strength and fastness properties of the dyed fabrics using the PEO45 -MeDMA copolymer and sodium sulphate were compared. The dyeability of the cotton fabrics pretreated with PEO45 -MeDMA indicated higher dye uptake than that of sodium sulphate. This suggests that the pretreatment of cotton by PEO45 -MeDMA diblock copolymer can be considered as an alternative to the use of the exhausting agent sodium sulphate. [source]