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Small Footprint (small + footprint)
Selected AbstractsApplication of kinoform lens for X-ray reflectivity analysisJOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, Issue 2 2010M. K. Tiwari In this paper the first practical application of kinoform lenses for the X-ray reflectivity characterization of thin layered materials is demonstrated. The focused X-ray beam generated from a kinoform lens, a line of nominal size ,50,µm × 2,µm, provides a unique possibility to measure the X-ray reflectivities of thin layered materials in sample scanning mode. Moreover, the small footprint of the X-ray beam, generated on the sample surface at grazing incidence angles, enables one to measure the absolute X-ray reflectivities. This approach has been tested by analyzing a few thin multilayer structures. The advantages achieved over the conventional X-ray reflectivity technique are discussed and demonstrated by measurements. [source] Microfabricated devices: A new sample introduction approach to mass spectrometryMASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS, Issue 4 2006Iulia M. Lazar Abstract Instrument miniaturization is one way of addressing the issues of sensitivity, speed, throughput, and cost of analysis in DNA diagnostics, proteomics, and related biotechnology areas. Microfluidics is of special interest for handling very small sample amounts, with minimal concerns related to sample loss and cross-contamination, problems typical for standard fluidic manipulations. Furthermore, the small footprint of these microfabricated structures leads to instrument designs suitable for high-density, parallel sample processing, and high-throughput analyses. In addition to miniaturized systems designed with optical or electrochemical detection, microfluidic devices interfaced to mass spectrometry have also been demonstrated. Instruments for automated sample infusion analysis are now commercially available, and microdevices utilizing chromatographic or capillary electrophoresis separation techniques are under development. This review aims at documenting the technologies and applications of microfluidic mass spectrometry for the analysis of proteomic samples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 25:573,594, 2006 [source] Measuring the plasma environment at Mercury: The fast imaging plasma spectrometerMETEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE, Issue 9 2002P. L. KOEHN Three primary populations of ions exist at Mercury: solar wind, magnetospheric, and pickup ions. These pickup ions are generated through the ionization of Mercury's exosphere or are sputtered particles from the Mercury surface. A comprehensive mission to Mercury, such as MESSENGER (MErcury: Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, Ranging), should include a sensor that is able to determine the dynamical properties and composition of all these plasma components. An instrument to measure the composition of these ion populations and their three-dimensional velocity distribution functions must be lightweight, fast, and have a very large field of view. The fast imaging plasma spectrometer (FIPS) is an imaging mass spectrometer, part of NASA's MESSENGER mission, the first Mercury orbiter. This versatile instrument has a very small footprint, and has a mass that is ,1 order of magnitude less than other comparable systems. It maintains a nearly full-hemisphere field of view, suitable for either spinning or three-axis-stabilized platforms. The major piece of innovation to enable this sensor is a new deflection system geometry that enables a large instantaneous (,1.5,) field of view. This novel electrostatic analyzer system is then combined with a position sensitive time-of-flight system. We discuss the design and prototype tests of the FIPS deflection system and show how this system is expected to address one key problem in Mercury science, that of the nature of the radar-bright regions at the Hermean poles. [source] Development of a new high-efficiency simple structure cycloneTHE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 3 2009Z. Tan Abstract A novel uniflow cyclone design was evaluated using three prototype cyclones. For the first two, the efficiency and Euler number were determined using airborne solid particles with a number mean diameter of 12.5 µm. Then a larger scale prototype based on the optimized geometry was compared with an existing conventional high efficiency cyclone and a vane-induced uniflow cyclone, using mineral oil droplets with a number mean diameter of 8.9 µm. Both sets of experiments showed that the newly designed cyclone had a higher efficiency at a higher pressure requirement, in addition to the feature of a small footprint. Un nouveau modèle de cyclone uniflow a été évalué à l'aide de trois cyclones prototypes. Pour les deux premiers cyclones, l'efficacité et la perte de charge ont été déterminées avec des particules solides transportées par le gaz de diamètre moyen en nombre de 12,5 micromètres. Puis un prototype à plus grande échelle basé sur la géométrie optimisée a été comparé à un cyclone conventionnel existant à haute efficacité et à un cyclone uniflow à ailettes, en utilisant des gouttelettes d'huile minérale d'un diamètre moyen en nombre de 8,9 micromètres. Les deux séries d'expériences montrent que le nouveau modèle de cyclone a une plus grande efficacité ou une demande de pression moins grande, en plus d'être plus compact. [source] | ||||||||||