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Smoker Patients (smoker + patient)
Selected AbstractsEffects of smoking and gingival inflammation on salivary antioxidant capacityJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 3 2006Nurcan Buduneli Abstract Aim: This study evaluated possible effects of smoking and gingival inflammation on salivary antioxidants in gingivitis patients. Methods: Twenty otherwise healthy gingivitis patients (10 self-reported smokers) and 20 periodontally and systemically healthy volunteer subjects were enrolled in the study. Whole saliva samples and full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained at baseline and one month following initial phase of treatment in gingivitis patients. Salivary cotinine, glutathione and ascorbic acid concentrations, and total antioxidant capacity were determined, and the data generated were tested by non-parametric tests. Results: Salivary cotinine measurements resulted in re-classification of three self-reported non-smokers as smokers. Smoker patients revealed significantly higher probing depths but lower bleeding values than non-smoker patients (p=0.044 and 0.001, respectively). Significant reductions in clinical recordings were obtained in non-smoker (all p<0.05) and smoker (all p<0.01) patients following periodontal treatment. Salivary total glutathione concentrations were reduced following therapy in gingivitis patients who smoke (p<0.01). Otherwise, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in biochemical parameters at baseline or following treatment (p>0.05). Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, neither smoking nor gingival inflammation compromised the antioxidant capacity of saliva in systemically healthy gingivitis patients. [source] Alternative splicing of MDM2 mRNA in lung carcinomas and lung cell linesENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS, Issue 1 2005Mao-Wen Weng Abstract The MDM2 gene is overexpressed in several human tumors and its product may be processed into various isoforms. Recently, alternative splicing forms of MDM2 mRNA have been detected in various types of tumors. In this study, lung tissue from human non small cell lung cancers was examined for MDM2 mRNA splicing variants by nested RT-PCR. Of the 117 lung cancer tissue samples analyzed, a total of 31 (26.5%) had splice variants for the MDM2 gene, while 59 (50.4%) had undetectable levels of MDM2 transcript. Further analysis indicated that the predominant variant for 26 of the 31 samples with alternative MDM2 splicing products was MDM2-657, a splice variant lacking exons 3,11. Significant associations were found between the frequency of alternative splicing and the gender and smoking habits of the patients. Approximately 36% of male patients had alternative splicing of MDM2 compared with only 9.5% of female patients (P = 0.008); 44.2% of the smoker patients had alternative MDM2 splice forms versus 16.2% of nonsmokers (P = 0.003). Furthermore, most normal lung cell lines examined possessed only full-length MDM2 mRNA, while among several lung cancer cell lines, only H1355 and CaLu-1 cells lacked alternatively spliced MDM2 transcripts. When H1355 cells were treated in vitro with the cigarette smoke carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) or the B[a]P metabolite benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide (BPDE), three MDM2 splicing products were detected by nested RT-PCR. Finally, with the use of several specific inhibitors, we found that BPDE-induced MDM2 mRNA alternative splicing in H1355 cells may occur through the PI3K or MAPK pathway. Overall, our results suggest that carcinogens present in cigarette smoke increase the risk of alternative MDM2 splicing, which is highly associated with lung cancer. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Establishment of OC3 oral carcinoma cell line and identification of NF-,B activation responses to areca nut extractJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 2 2004Shu-Chun Lin Background:, Cell lines derived from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) exposed to variable etiological factors can bestow advantages in understanding the molecular and cellular alterations pertaining to environmental impacts. Most OSCC cell lines have been established from smoker patients or areca chewing/smoker patients, carrying the genomic alterations in p53. Methods:, A new cell line, oral carcinoma 3 (OC3), was established from an OSCC in a long-term areca (betel) chewer who does not smoke. Cellular and molecular features of OC3 were determined by variable assays. Results:, The cultured monolayer cells were mainly polygonal and had the expression of cytokeratin 14. The chromosomal analysis using comparative genomic hybridization has revealed the gain in chromosomes 1q, 5q, and 8q, the loss in 4q, 6p, and 8p as well as the gain of entire chromosome 20. Loss of heterozygosity and instability in multiple microsatellite markers in chromosome 4q were also noted. OC3 cells bear wild-type p53 coding sequence and have a high level of p53 expression. Its p21 expression was similar to that in normal human oral keratinocyte (NHOK). Interestingly, activation of nuclear factor ,B (NF-,B) in OC3 cells following the treatment of areca nut extract was observed. Conclusion:, OC3 cell line could be valuable in understanding the genetic impairments and phenotypic changes associated with areca in oral keratinocyte. [source] Adverse reactions of anti-tuberculosis drugs in hospitalized patients: incidence, severity and risk factors,PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 10 2007Mohammad Reza Javadi Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) has been a common chronic infectious disease in human communities. Besides disease-related complications, there could be serious adverse reactions due to anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug therapy. Objectives To assess the incidence and severity of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) induced by anti-TB drugs. To determine possible covariates associated with detected ADRs. Methods All patients with respiratory TB admitted to a teaching hospital who received anti-TB drugs during the research period entered the study and were monitored for ADRs. Socio-demographic and medical history of patients were used as independent covariates. The relationship between independent covariates with frequency and severity of ADRs was analysed using multivariate logistic regression. Preliminary analyses of the Mann,Whitney, Chi-square, Kruskal,Wallis and the Fisher's exact tests were applied to determine factors unlikely associated with the independent variables. Results Among 204 patients admitted, there were 92 patients (45.1%) with ADRs induced by anti-TB drugs. Patients with a previous history of anti-TB drugs usage (OR,=,5.81, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.31,25.2), patients with a history of drug allergy (OR,=,6.68, CI: 1.28,36.2), those from Afghani ethnic (OR,=,4.91, 95%CI: 1.28,18.30) as well as smoker patients with concurrent diseases (OR,=,19.67, CI: 1.24,341.51) had a higher rate of ADR incidence. Being female (OR,=,1.63, 95%CI: 1.96,36.40) and having previous history of ADR (OR,=,17.46, 95%CI: 1.96,20.42) were identified as risk factors. Conclusion Anti-TB drugs could cause severe and frequent adverse effects. Females, those with a previous history of ADRs to anti-TB drugs and Afghani patients, should be considered as high-risk groups. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||