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Smirnov Test (smirnov + test)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	40%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	40%

Selected Abstracts

Data construction method for the analysis of the spatial distribution of disastrous earthquakes in Taiwan

INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS IN OPERATIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2009
Hsiao-Fan Wang
Abstract Considering a disastrous earthquake as a rare event, the aim of this study is to apply the proposed data construction method (DCM) to determine the possible distribution pattern of disastrous earthquakes in Taiwan. Owing to the availability of only a limited amount of data and based on the multiset division of DCM, virtual samples have been generated. The procedure is illustrated by a numerical experiment that consists of data from 12 disastrous earthquakes in Taiwan from 1990 to 1999. The results show that the pattern constructed by DCM is geologically consistent with the actual phenomenon, which was caused by the collision of the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Continental Plate. A case study of disastrous earthquakes in East Taiwan is then conducted by studying three near-source regions. Based on the Kolmogorov,Smirnov test, the constructed spatial distribution has shown its validity and capability in providing useful information for the risk assessment of disastrous earthquakes as rare events. [source]

Influence of blood sampling on protein profiling and pattern analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry

BJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2007
Alexandre E. Pelzer
OBJECTIVE To describe the influence of blood sampling/sampling tubes on mass spectrometric and clustering results, and on clinical blood variables, in blood samples collected from healthy volunteers and patients with prostate cancer. PATIENTS, SUBJECTS AND METHODS Two venous blood samples were taken from 12 healthy volunteers and 12 patients with localized prostate cancer. Two blood samples were taken from each participant using two different venepuncture systems (group A and group B). The Kolmogorov,Smirnov test was used to identify the peaks distinguishing the different groups. In a 10-fold cross-validation study, decision trees for identifying discriminatory peaks that separate the benign from the malignant were constructed. RESULTS The decision tree separated samples measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) from healthy volunteers from those of patients with prostate cancer, with a sensitivity of 93.6% and a specificity of 91.6%. Of special interest is that one peak at 6941 m/z was produced during blood sample preparation and had a very powerful influence on the results of the classification. CONCLUSION The results clearly showed that blood-sampling systems have a great influence on the recorded MALDI MS traces, and thus can markedly influence and confound the results of the MS analysis, whereas clinical variables might remain unchanged. MS profiling is a promising method of marker discovery, but as it could be shown well-designed studies are critical to allow proper interpretation for the identification of key variables as well as for the clinical use. [source]

Preliminary testing for normality: some statistical aspects of a common concept

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2006
V. Schoder
Summary Background., Statistical methodology has become an increasingly important topic in dermatological research. Adequacy of the statistical procedure depends among others on distributional assumptions. In dermatological articles, the choice between parametric and nonparametric methods is often based on preliminary goodness-of-fit tests. Aim., For the special case of the assumption of normally distributed data, the Kolmogorov,Smirnov test is the most popular choice. We investigated the performance of this test on four types of non-normal data, representing the majority of real data in dermatological research. Methods., Simulations were run to assess the performance of the Kolmogorov,Smirnov test, depending on sample size and severity of violations of normality. Results., The Kolmogorov,Smirnov test performs badly on data with single outliers, 10% outliers and skewed data at sample sizes <,100, whereas normality is rejected to an acceptable degree for Likert-type data. Conclusion., Preliminary testing for normality is not recommended for small-to-moderate sample sizes. [source]

Consistent Tests for Stochastic Dominance

ECONOMETRICA, Issue 1 2003
Garry F. Barrett
Methods are proposed for testing stochastic dominance of any pre,specified order, with primary interest in the distributions of income. We consider consistent tests, that are similar to Kolmogorov,Smirnov tests, of the complete set of restrictions that relate to the various forms of stochastic dominance. For such tests, in the case of tests for stochastic dominance beyond first order, we propose and justify a variety of approaches to inference based on simulation and the bootstrap. We compare these approaches to one another and to alternative approaches based on multiple comparisons in the context of a Monte Carlo experiment and an empirical example. [source]

Growth of functional cranial components in rats submitted to intergenerational undernutrition

JOURNAL OF ANATOMY, Issue 2 2006
María F. Cesani
Abstract The aim of the present study was to discover how intergenerational undernutrition affects the growth of major and minor functional cranial components in two generations of rats. Control animals constituted the parental generation (P). The undernourished generations (F1 and F2) were fed 75% of the control diet. Animals were X-rayed every 10 days from 20 to 100 days of age. The length, width and height of the major (neurocranium and splanchnocranium) and minor (anterior-neural, middle-neural, posterior-neural, otic, respiratory, masticatory and alveolar) cranial components were measured on each radiograph. Volumetric indices were calculated to estimate size variations of these components. Data were processed using the Kruskal,Wallis and Kolmogorov,Smirnov tests for two samples. Impairment in splanchnocranial and neurocranial growth was found, the latter being more affected than the former in F1. Comparison between F2 and F1 animals showed cumulative effects of undernutrition in both major and minor components (anterior-neural, respiratory, masticatory and alveolar in males, and middle-neural and respiratory in females). Such differential effects on minor components may reflect a residual mechanical strain resulting from the linkage between components. This phenomenon was clearly observed in the neurocranium and could be understood as an adaptive response to the demands of the associated functional matrices. [source]