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BMI Values (bmi + value)
Selected AbstractsHepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis B patients is associated with metabolic factors more than viral factorsJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 7pt1 2008Dandan Peng Abstract Background and Aims:, Hepatic steatosis is commonly seen in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. It has been reported to be associated with both metabolic factors and viral factors, and affects the severity of fibrosis in CHC. However, the relationship between hepatic steatosis and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of hepatic steatosis in CHB patients, to identify the factors associated with its presence, and assess the relationship between the stage of steatosis and the severity of fibrosis. Methods:, Medical records of 153 adult patients with CHB who had undergone a liver biopsy within the past 4 years were included in the study. Results:, Body mass index (BMI) and age of CHB patients with steatosis was significantly higher than the patients without steatosis (P < 0.05), as determined by the univariate analysis. Steatosis was found to correlate with the BMI values and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and ALT levels were associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV),DNA levels and histology activity index (HAI) scores, stages of fibrosis were associated with the HAI score and HBV,DNA, as determined by the multivariate analysis. In contrast, there was no significant association between advanced stages of fibrosis and steatosis. Conclusion:, Our data indicate that hepatic steatosis is more frequently present in CHB patients than in the general population. We hypothesize that steatosis in CHB patients may be due to metabolic factors and the ability of HBV to indirectly facilitate the development of steatosis. In the present study, steatosis in CHB patients was not found to be associated with the severity of fibrosis. [source] Anthropometric and cephalometric measurements in X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasiaORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 4 2007MO Lexner Structured Abstract Authors,,, Lexner MO, Bardow A, Bjorn-Jorgensen J, Hertz JM, Almer L, Kreiborg S. Objective,,, To describe the somatic development and craniofacial morphology in males affected with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) and female carriers and to find clinical markers for early clinical diagnosis of possible female carriers. Design,,, A clinical and radiographic examination of the affected males and the female carriers. Setting and sample population,,, Twenty-four affected males and 43 female carriers with a known mutation in the ED1 gene were examined in a dental clinic in either Copenhagen or Aarhus, Denmark. Experimental variables,,, Height, body mass index (BMI) and head circumference. Cephalometric analysis of the craniofacial morphology. Outcome measure,,, Data on the somatic and craniofacial development in the affected males and female carriers. Results,,, No difference was observed regarding body height in the affected males and female carriers, BMI values were lower than the mean in most affected boys and adolescence and head circumference was somewhat decreased in both groups compared to normative data. The cephalometric analysis showed a reduced maxilla length and prognathism, a normal size and shape of the mandible and a reduced sagittal jaw relationship in both HED groups. Furthermore, affected males had a retroclined nasal bone and a more anteriorly inclined maxilla. A short nose, protruding lips, reduced facial convexity and facial height, characterized the soft tissue profile of the affected males. In female carriers, the lips were significantly retruded when compared with controls. Conclusion,,, No specific somatic or cephalometric markers could be observed, in the female carrier group. [source] The trend of mean BMI values of US adults, birth cohorts 1882,1986 indicates that the obesity epidemic began earlier than hitherto thoughtAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2010John Komlos Background: The trend in the body mass index (BMI) values of the US population has not been estimated accurately because the time series data are unavailable and the focus has been on calculating period effects. Objectives: To estimate the trend and rate of change of BMI values by birth cohorts stratified by gender and ethnicity born 1882,1986. Methods: We use loess additive regression models to estimate age and trend effects of BMI values of US-born black and white adults measured between 1959 and 2006. We use all the National Health Examination Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Results: The increase in BMI was already underway among the birth cohorts of the early 20th century. The rate of increase was fastest among black females; for the three other groups under consideration, the rates of increase were similar. The generally persistent upward trend was punctuated by upsurges, particularly after each of the two world wars. The estimated rate of change of BMI values increased by 71% among black females between the birth cohorts 1955 and those of 1965 is indicative of the rapid increases in their weight. Conclusions: We infer that transition to postindustrial weights was a gradual process and began considerably earlier than hitherto supposed. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:631,638, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The transition to post-industrial BMI values among US childrenAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2009John Komlos The trend in the BMI values of US children has not been estimated very convincingly because of the absence of longitudinal data. Our objective is to estimate time series of BMI values by birth cohorts instead of measurement years. We use five regression models to estimate the BMI trends of non-Hispanic US-born black and white children and adolescents ages 2,19 between 1941 and 2004. The increase in BMIZ values during the period considered was 1.3, (95% CI: 1.16,; 1.44,) among black girls, 0.8, for black boys, 0.7, for white boys, and 0.6, for white girls. This translates into an increase in BMI values of some 5.6, 3.3, 2.4, and 1.5 units, respectively. While the increase in BMI values started among the birth cohorts of the 1940s among black girls, the rate of increase tended to accelerate among all four ethnic/gender groups born in the mid-1950s to early-1960s. Some regional evidence leads to the conjecture that the spread of automobiles and radios affected the BMI values of boys already in the interwar period. We suppose that the changes in lifestyle associated with the labor saving technological developments of the 20th century are associated with the weight gains observed. The increased popularity of television viewing was most prominently associated with the contemporaneous acceleration in BMI gain. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Secular changes in stature and body mass index for Chinese youth in sixteen major cities, 1950s,2005AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2008Cheng-Ye Ji Evidence shows a secular trend in physical growth in China in recent years. We analyze the secular trend of stature and body mass index (BMI) for the period 1950s,2005 to provide biological evidence for policy-makers to identify measures for improving Chinese children's health. Data come from the historical records in 1950s and the successive cycles of the Chinese National Survey on Student's Constitution and Health. Subjects were 7- to 18-year-old youth from 16 cities. Sex,age differences in mean stature and BMI values between the surveys were analyzed, and the increments per decade were compared. An overall positive secular trend was found in 1950s,2005. Mean stature of the 18-year olds increased from 166.6 to 173.4 cm for males and from 155.8 to 161.2 cm for females, yielding rates of 1.3 and 1.1 cm/decade; the overall increments of BMI values were 2.6 for males and 1.8 for females, yielding rates of 0.8 and 0.6/decade, respectively. The most significant changes occurred during puberty. The overall positive secular trend is closely associated with the socioeconomic progress and the improvement of livelihood. Strong evidence suggests that in China this trend will be continued for many years. Further studies are needed to explore how to ensure healthy changes for poorer rural youth. Effective preventive strategies and measures should be taken to prevent the progressive increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity accompanying this trend. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Comparison of methods to evaluate changes in relative body mass index in pediatric weight controlAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Rocco A. Paluch Our objective was to compare three BMI-based adiposity measures to assess change in pediatric weight control: LMS z -BMI, BMI sympercent, and percent overBMI. Comparison 1 presents changes of +1.0, ,1.0, and ,2.0 BMI units for 36 hypothetical children (7-, 11-, and 15-year-old children with BMI values from 19,39 kg/m2). Comparison 2 presents effect sizes over 12 months and the relationship between baseline and change for 140 8,12-year-old children with BMI values ranging from 21 to 37 kg/m2. Comparison 1 showed smaller changes in z -BMI than BMI sympercent or percent overBMI for equal changes in BMI when initial BMI values are greater. Comparison 2 showed similar effect sizes for the three measures, since there is a reduction in both standard deviation and magnitude of LMS z -BMI values as the BMI values increase. The three measures perform differently when considering the relationship of initial value to change. Initial percent overBMI shows a negative relationship with change, as heavier children show larger changes, LMS z -BMI shows a positive relationship, as children with lower baseline values show larger changes, and BMI sympercent changes were inconsistently related to baseline BMI sympercent values. Although all three measures result in similar effect sizes when evaluating treatment over time, we conclude that LMS z -BMI is less appropriate for comparing individuals and percent overBMI is the only measure that shows heavier children have greater change. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19:487,494, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Childhood overweight problem in a selected school district in HawaiiAMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2003Dennis Chai Anthropometric measurements were collected from 1,437 public school students in a selected school district in Hawaii every year from 1992 to 1996. Results showed that boys and girls of Hawaiian ancestry (HA) are generally taller in stature and somewhat heavier in weight than their non-Hawaiian counterparts (Non-HA). Also, there are no clear differences between the two groups in BMI, sums of skinfolds, waist and hip circumferences, and waist/hip circumference ratios. When compared to data from NHANES III (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), the median statures of HA boys and girls are very close to the median statures of NHANES III, but the body weights of HA are heavier at most ages. Also, the BMI values of HA are distinctly higher and their medians are closer to the 75th percentile of NHANES III. In addition, the values of the sums of skinfolds and the waist and hip circumferences of HA are also higher at most ages than NHANES III. These multiple anthropometric indicators suggest that there might be more overweight children and adolescents of HA. When compared to the statistics in NHANES III, there are twice as many HA and Non-HA boys and girls classified as obese. Clearly, a serious childhood problem exists among the children in this selected school district in Hawaii. More research is needed in other school districts in Hawaii. Also, it is suggested in this study that using multiple anthropometric indicators, rather than a single one, may be more accurate and appropriate in determining overweight problems in a youth population. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:164,177, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Sex-specific association between leptin receptor polymorphisms and leptin levels and BMI in healthy adolescents,ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 10 2010P Riestra Abstract Aim:, To examine the relationship of three common polymorphisms in the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene, implicated in the regulation of body weight, with leptin levels and obesity-related phenotypes in a population-based sample of healthy pubertal children in Spain. Methods:, The study included 806 boys and girls aged 12,16 whose anthropometrical data and body composition were recorded. Serum leptin levels were determined by ELISA. The LEPR Q223R, K109R and K656N polymorphisms were determined by TaqMan® allelic discrimination assays. Results:, When analysing the Q223R polymorphism, we observed that female carriers of the RR genotype had significantly higher plasma leptin levels (18.2 vs. 15.1 ng/mL p = 0.016) and significantly higher mean BMI values (22.5 vs. 21.3 Kg/m2 p = 0.032) than QR carriers. Furthermore, the frequency of the RR genotype in overweight-obese girls was significantly higher than that found in normal-weight girls. No significant differences were observed in boys. Neither boys nor girls showed significant differences when comparing leptin levels, anthropometric variables or body composition by K109R or K656N genotype. Conclusion:, The fact, that the Q223R polymorphism in the LEPR gene is significantly associated with leptin levels and BMI only in girls, suggests a sex-specific influence of this polymorphism on these variables. [source] International comparison of blood pressure and BMI values in schoolchildren aged 11,16 yearsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2 2010Á Baráth Abstract Aims:, This study comprised part of a larger cross-sectional survey performed in Hungary in the period 2005,2006, which was designed first to reveal the representative age-, gender- and height-specific percentile values for the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in Hungarian children aged 11,16 years. The second aim was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Methods:, Analyses were performed on 14 290 Hungarian children aged 11,16 years. All blood pressure (BP) measurements were made with a validated, automated, digital device. The criteria recommended by international guidelines were used. Results:, The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the Hungarian children was found to be 23.4% (3347 adolescents; International Obesity Task Force criteria). Previous studies have reported that the strongest correlation is observed between the BP values and weight, and our results are in accordance with this. Conclusions:, Regional differences in morphometry (different prevalences of overweight and obesity) and the genetic background, disparate eating habits and other cultural factors may account for the differences in BP levels during childhood. As the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide, it is important that countries carefully monitor the weight and BP status of their children and adolescents. [source] Parental perception of children's weight in a paediatric primary care settingCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 6 2007E. R. Wald Abstract Objective To determine how parents of overweight children perceived their children's weight status compared with actual body mass index (BMI). Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study assessed parental perception of and concern about weight, diet and physical activity of 3,12-year-olds. BMI values ,85th and <95th percentile and ,95th percentile were considered at risk for overweight and overweight respectively. Differences between groups were tested with chi-squared analyses or Fishers exact test as appropriate and further explored using logistic regression analysis. Results Questionnaires were completed at 612 health maintenance visits (278 girls). Overall, 15% of both boys and girls were at risk for overweight and 22% of boys and 24% of girls were overweight. Forty-nine per cent of parents recognized their overweight children as overweight. Perceptions were more often correct for parents of girls than boys (63% versus 36%, P < 0.001) and for older compared with younger children (61.7% versus 17.5%, P < 0.001). Conclusions Parents of overweight children frequently did not perceive their children as exceeding healthy weight standards. Targeting parental perception as a point of intervention is necessary. [source] Cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index values in 9-year-old rural Norwegian childrenACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 4 2009GK Resaland Abstract Aim: To describe cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index (BMI) values in a representative population of 9-year-old Norwegian children in two rural communities and compare present values with previous findings. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-nine 9-year-old children were invited, and 256 participated in this study. Maximal oxygen uptake was directly measured during a continuous progressive treadmill protocol. Body mass and height were also measured. Results: The mean ± SD relative maximal oxygen uptake was 52.8 ± 6.5 for boys and 46.9 ± 7.2 mL/kg/min for girls. Eight percent of the boys and 16.8% of the girls were classified as overweight, and 1.6% of the boys and 6.9% of the girls as obese. Mean age, body mass, height and Ponderal index were not significantly different between sexes. Girls had a higher BMI than boys (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Compared to earlier Norwegian studies, children's BMI values seem to have increased substantially. This increase is most pronounced in girls. When assessing these differences using the PI, this increase is less marked. Comparing maximal oxygen uptake data with that in earlier Nordic studies, there is no evidence that fitness has declined among 9-year olds. However, the limitations of the few earlier studies make reliable comparisons difficult. [source] Relationship between intraocular pressure and systemic health parameters in a Korean populationCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Jong Soo Lee MD Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and age and obesity, adjusted for systemic health parameters such as sex and mean blood pressure, in a Korean population. Methods: A total of 13 212 healthy participants underwent automated multiphasic tests, including tonometry, automated perimetry, fundus photography, blood pressure and body mass index (BMI). Six age groups were used, divided by decades ranging from 20,29 years to 70+ years. The association between IOP and systemic health parameters was examined using cross-sectional analysis. Results: The median age of participants was 47.6 years (range 20,84 years), and 6684 (50.6%) of participants were men. The mean IOP of participants was 15.5 mmHg. The mean IOP, blood pressure and BMI values were significantly higher in men than in women (P < 0.05). The overall prevalence of ocular hypertension, defined as IOP >21 mmHg without signs of glaucomatous visual field loss or optic disc damage, was 6.1% in men and 2.5% in women. Intraocular pressure was associated with mean blood pressure, sex, age and BMI by multiple regression analysis (P < 0.05). The relationship between IOP and age adjusted for sex, mean blood pressure and BMI had a significantly negative tendency for both sexes (P < 0.05). Body mass index had a significantly positive relation with IOP after controlling for age, sex and mean blood pressure in men (P < 0.05), but not in women. Conclusions: In this Korean population, after multiple adjustment, IOP was found to decrease with age and to increase with BMI in men. [source] Reference values for change in body mass index from birth to 18 years of ageACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 6 2003J Karlberg Body mass index (BMI) has become the measure of choice for determination of nutritional status during the paediatric years, as in adults. Recently, several cross-sectional BMI childhood reference values standards have been published. In order precisely to evaluate childhood nutritional interventions, reference values allowing for the evaluation of changes in BMI values are also needed. For the first time, such reference values can be presented based on 3650 longitudinally followed healthy Swedish children born full term. The reference values for the change in BMI are given as the change in BMI standard deviation scores. The reference values are given as means of mathematical functions adjusting for gender, age of the child and the length of the interval between two measurements for interval lengths of 0.25 to 1.0 y before 2y of age and of 1 to 5 y between birth and 18 y. The usefulness of the reference values is proved by a graph that forms a part of a clinical computer program; the -2 to +2 standard deviation range of the predicted change in BMI can be computed for an individual child and drawn in the graph as an extended support for clinical decision-making. Conclusion: For the first time this communication gives access to BMI growth rate values that can be used both in research and in the clinic to evaluate various interventions, be they nutritional, surgical or therapeutic. [source] | ||||||||||