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B Member (b + member)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	75%

Selected Abstracts

New assay to detect low-affinity interactions and characterization of leukocyte receptors for collagen including leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1)

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 4 2009
Lei Jiang
Abstract Leukocyte activity is controlled by numerous interactions between membrane receptors and ligands on the cell surface. These interactions are of low affinity making detection difficult. We developed a sensitive assay that could readily detect extremely weak interactions such as that between CD200 and the activating receptor CD200RLa (Kd>500,,M) at the protein level. We used the new technology to screen for interactions of inhibitory receptors for collagens. We confirmed that both human and mouse leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor-1, and in addition the related inhibitory leukocyte Ig-like receptor subfamily B member 4 (CD85K, Gp49B), bound collagen specifically, whereas other cell surface proteins gave no binding. The monomeric affinities of the interactions were then determined to allow comparison with other leukocyte interactions and indicate conditions when these interactions might lead to inhibitory signals. [source]

Hindlimb adaptations in Ourayia and Chipetaia, relatively large-bodied omomyine primates from the Middle Eocene of Utah

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 3 2006
Rachel H. Dunn
Abstract North American omomyids represent a tremendous Eocene radiation of primates exhibiting a wide range of body sizes and dietary patterns. Despite this adaptive diversity, relatively little is known of the postcranial specializations of the group. Here we describe hindlimb and foot bones of Ourayia uintensis and Chipetaia lamporea that were recovered from the Uinta B member (early Uintan Land Mammal Age), Uinta Formation, Utah. These specimens provide insights into the evolution of postcranial adaptations across different body sizes and dietary guilds within the Eocene primate radiation. Body mass estimates based on talar measurements indicate that Ourayia uintensis and Chipetaia lamporea weighed about 1,500,2,000 g and 500,700 g, respectively. Skeletal elements recovered for Ourayia include the talus, navicular, entocuneiform, first metatarsal, and proximal tibia; bones of Chipetaia include the talus, navicular, entocuneiform, and proximal femur. Both genera had opposable grasping big toes, as indicated by the saddle-shaped joint between the entocuneiform and first metatarsal. Both taxa were arboreal leapers, as indicated by a consistent assemblage of characters in all represented bones, most notably the somewhat elongated naviculars, the high and distinct trochlear crests of the talus, the posteriorly oriented tibial plateau (Ourayia), and the cylindrical head of the femur (Chipetaia). The closest resemblances to Ourayia and Chipetaia are found among the Bridger omomyines, Omomys and Hemiacodon. The results of our comparisons suggest that the later, larger, more herbivorous omomyines from Utah retained a skeletal structure characteristic of earlier, smaller North American omomyids. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Association of ABCB1 polymorphisms with the efficacy of ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting

ANAESTHESIA, Issue 10 2010
E. M. Choi
Summary We investigated whether the 2677G>T/A and 3435C>T polymorphisms of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) affect the efficacy of ondansetron to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. One hundred and ninety-eight patients undergoing general anaesthesia were enrolled. Thirty minutes before the end of surgery, 0.1 mg.kg,1 ondansetron was administered intravenously. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was compared between genotypes in the 2677G>T/A and 3435C>T polymorphisms of ABCB1. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was lower in patients with the 2677TT genotype (TT vs Non-TT = 25.9% vs 53.0%, p = 0.01) and 3435TT genotype (CC + CT vs TT = 52.6% vs 21.7%, p = 0.01) during the first 2 h after surgery. There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting between the different genotype groupings during period between 2 and 24 h after surgery. In conclusion, ABCB1 genotypes may be a clinical predictor of responsiveness for ondansetron. [source]

Immunohistochemical analysis of NF-,B signaling proteins IKK,, p50/p105, p52/p100 and RelA in prostate cancers

APMIS, Issue 8 2009
SEONG IL SEO
Seo SI, Song SY, Kang MR, Kim MS, Oh JE, Kim YR, Lee JY, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Immunohistochemical analysis of NF-,B signaling proteins IKK,, p50/p105, p52/p100 and RelA in prostate cancers. APMIS 2009; 117:623,8. Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-,B) signaling is considered an important mechanism in the development of prostate cancers. A recent study revealed that I,B kinase epsilon (IKK,), an activator of NF-,B, was overexpressed in breast cancers and acted as an oncogene. Expression of NF-,B members has been reported in prostate cancer tissues, but expression of IKK, has not yet been studied in prostate cancers. In this study, we attempted to explore as to whether expressions of IKK, and NF-,B members p50/105, p52/p100 and RelA are altered in prostate cancers. We analyzed the expression of IKK,, p50/105, p52/p100 and RelA in 107 prostate adenocarcinoma tissues by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray (TMA) method. In the TMA, IKK, is expressed in basal cells, but not in alveolar cells in normal prostate glands. IKK, is expressed in 60.0% of prostate intraepithelial neoplasm (PIN) and 70.1% of the prostate cancers in the cytoplasm. Nuclear immunostainings of NF-,B members p50/105, p52/p100 and RelA, which are considered activation of NF-,B signaling, were observed respectively in 28.0%, 18.7% and 37.4% of the cancers. Nuclear staining was detected neither in normal alveolar cells nor in PIN. However, none of the expression of p50/105 nor p52/p100 nor RelA nor IKK, was associated with pathologic characteristics, including size of the cancers, age, Gleason score and stage. The increased cytoplasmic expression of IKK, as well as the increased nuclear expressions of p50/105, p52/p100 and RelA in the prostate cancers compared to normal alveolar cells suggested that overexpression of these proteins may be related to activation of the NF-,B pathway and might play a role in tumorigenesis of prostate cancers. [source]