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B1 Levels (b1 + level)
Selected AbstractsEffects of crossbreeding indigenous Hair Goat with Saanen on carcass measurements and meat quality of kids under an intensive production systemANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, Issue 4 2009Alper YILMAZ ABSTRACT The aim of study was to investigate the effect of genotype on carcass measurements and meat quality characteristics of purebred Hair Goat, Saanen × Hair Goat (F1 and B1) kids under an intensive production system. In total, 24 kids were slaughtered at the age of approximately 133 days. Kids were fattened for 56 days immediately after weaning. Hot carcass weights were 6.78, 7.61 and 7.02 kg and dressing percentages were 49.71, 49.27 and 48.78%, respectively (P > 0.05). Differences between genotypes for carcass measurements and indexes were not significant. Effect of genotype on pH measurements, drip loss, water holding capacity, cooking loss and Warner Bratzler shear force values were not significant. Meat lightness values at 0 h, 1 h and 1 day after cutting were higher in crossbred kids than Hair Goat kids (P < 0.05). Redness value was significantly higher in meat samples of Hair goat kids at 0 h, 1 h and 1 day measurements (P < 0.05). Kid genotype had no significant effect on meat sensory characteristics, except tenderness. Panelists gave lower scores for meat tenderness to F1 and B1 crosses compared to purebred Hair Goat kids. In conclusion, higher meat lightness values of crossbred kids, at particularly B1 level, might have a positive effect on the consumer choices. [source] Control of Aspergillus growth and aflatoxin production using antioxidants at different conditions of water activity and pHJOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 2 2003A. Nesci Abstract Aims: The effect of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), trihydroxybutyrophenone (THB) and propyl paraben (PP) (at concentrations of 1, 10 and 20 mmol l,1) on germination, growth and aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus section Flavi was evaluated. Methods and Results: Studies on the percentage of spore germination, elongation rate, growth rate and aflatoxin B1 production were carried out in vitro in relation to water activity (aw) at 0·982, 0·937, 0·809 and 0·747 values. At 0·809 and 0·747aw values none of the isolates was able to germinate. Overall, PP and BHA were the antioxidants most effective at inhibiting germination of both species. In the presence of the lowest concentration of BHA and PP (1 mmol l,1) the conidial germination percentage ranged from 2 to 19% after 15 h of incubation at the highest water activity tested. BHA and PP at 10,20 mmol l,1 completely inhibited conidial germination. The antioxidants more efficient in controlling Aspergillus elongation rate were PP, BHT and BHA. All strains were much more sensitive to all antioxidants tested on the percentage of spore germination and growth rate at 0·937aw. The antioxidants PP and BHA completely inhibited aflatoxin B1 production by all strains when added at 1 mmol l,1. Decreased aflatoxin B1 levels in comparison with the control, were observed with BHT at 1, 10 and 20 mmol,1 with the strain T20 at 0·982aw. In contrast, stimulation was observed with the antioxidant THB at 10 and 20 mmol l,1 at 0·937aw with the strains T20 and T23. The effect of BHA and PP at 1 mmol l,1 on lag phase and growth rate was maintained in the pH range between 6 and 8. At all pH values the inhibitory effect of BHA was higher than PP. No aflatoxin B1 was detected at all pH values. Conclusions: The data show that BHA and PP could be considered as effective fungitoxicants for A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Significance and Impact of the Study: The information obtained show promise for controlling growth and aflatoxin B1 in stored maize. Futher studies should be carried out to examine the potential for antioxidants, such as BHA and PP to effectively control both growth and aflatoxin production. [source] Sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rapid one-step immunochromatographic strip for fumonisin B1 in grain-based food and feed samplesJOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE, Issue 6 2010Chang-Min Shiu Abstract BACKGROUND: Maize contaminated with mycotoxin fumonisin B1 poses a global threat to agricultural production. In this study, polyclonal antibodies (pAb) specific to fumonisin B1 were generated from rabbits immunised with fumonisin B1,keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). These antibodies were used to establish a sensitive competitive direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cdELISA) and gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic strip for detecting fumonisin B1 levels in maize-based foods and feeds. RESULTS: In cdELISA, fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 at concentrations of 0.42, 0.58 and 81.5 ng mL,1 respectively caused 50% inhibition (IC50) of binding of fumonisin B1,horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to the antibodies. Effective on-site detection of fumonisin B1 was achieved by developing a rapid and sensitive pAb-based gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic strip. This strip had a detection limit of 5 ng mL,1 for fumonisin B1 in maize-based samples. Additionally, the whole analytical process could be completed within 10 min. Close examination of 15 maize-based samples by cdELISA revealed that 11 were fumonisin-positive, with a mean concentration of 435 ± 20.1 ng g,1. These results correlated well with those obtained by immunochromatographic strip. CONCLUSION: Both cdELISA and immunochromatographic strip methods established in this study are sensitive for rapid detection of fumonisins in agricultural commodities. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry [source] Control of Aspergillus growth and aflatoxin production using natural maize phytochemicals under different conditions of water activityPEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 8 2006Andrea V Nesci Abstract The effects of the natural phytochemicals trans -cinnamic acid (CA) and ferulic acid (FA) alone at concentrations of 1,25 mM and in 16 combinations (M: mixtures) on growth and aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus Link and A. parasiticus Speare were evaluated. Studies on growth rate and aflatoxin B1 production were carried out in vitro in relation to a water activity aw of 0.999, 0.971, 0.955 and 0.937. Overall, CA at concentrations of 10 and 20 mM and FA,CA mixtures M3 (20 + 5 mM respectively), M8 (25 + 5 mM), M9 (1 + 10 mM), M10 (10 + 10 mM), M11 (20 + 10 mM), M12 (25 + 10 mM), M13 (1 + 20 mM), M14 (10 + 20 mM), M15 (20 + 20 mM) and M16 (25 + 20 mM) were the treatments most effective at inhibiting growth of the four species assayed. All strains were much more sensitive to all natural phytochemicals tested on growth rate at aw = 0.937. CA and the FA,CA mixtures M1 (1 + 1 mM respectively), M4 (25 + 1 mM), M5 (1 + 5 mM), M6 (10 + 1 mM), M7 (20 + 1 mM), M8 (25 + 5 mM), M9 (1 + 10 mM), M10 (10 + 10 mM), M11 (20 + 10 mM), M12 (25 + 10 mM), M13 (1 + 20 mM), M14 (10 + 20 mM), M15 (20 + 20 mM) and M16 (25 + 20 mM) completely inhibited aflatoxin B1 production by all strains at aw = 0.999, 0.971, 0.955 and 0.937. Decreased aflatoxin B1 levels in comparison with the control were observed with FA at 1, 10, 20 and 25 mM with the strains RCM89, RCM108 and RCM38 at aw = 0.971, 0.955 and 0.999 respectively. The data show that CA and FA can be considered as effective fungitoxicants for A. flavus and A. parasiticus in in vitro assay. The information obtained is part of an ongoing study to determine their application at the storage level. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry [source] | |||||||||||||