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Slight Decline (slight + decline)
Selected AbstractsThe Effects of Differences in Point of View on the Story Production of Japanese EFL StudentsFOREIGN LANGUAGE ANNALS, Issue 2 2001Taeko Kamimura Japanese college EFL students wrote two narrative stories based on the same series of pictures, one in the first-person perspective and the other in the third-person perspective. The sample writings were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively in relation to the students' levels of English proficiency. The results showed that when the perspective was shifted from the first to the third person, the low-proficiency students' writings became poorer in quantity and quality, whereas the high-proficiency students' narratives exhibited no decrease in quantity and a slight decline in quality. On the other hand, when the perspective was switched from the third to the first person, the students' writings showed both quantitative and qualitative development, and this development was more clearly observed in the stories of those with high English proficiency. [source] QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF RAGI (ELEUSINE CORACANA)-INCORPORATED "CHAKLI", AN INDIAN DEEP-FRIED PRODUCTJOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION, Issue 5-6 2005LEENA SEBASTIAN ABSTRACT Ragi was incorporated at different levels (5, 15 and 25%) to a deep fat fried snack item namely "chakli" to study its effect on fat absorption, sensory and storage parameters. Three sets of products were prepared incorporating untreated, dry heat treated and gelatinized ragi flour. The control products were without ragi flour. Results indicated that the fat absorbed by the control was 19%. Ragi flour incorporation (5%) increased fat content to 24% but on further increase of ragi flour (15 and 25%), it decreased to 19.7 and 18%, respectively. Incorporation of untreated and dry heat treated ragi flour resulted in a slight decline in the sensory ratings of products. The effects were more adverse with higher level of incorporation. On incorporation of gelatinized ragi flour (5%), significantly higher ratings were obtained for texture, flavor and overall quality of products in comparison with the control. The free fatty acid content of products was very low on 0 day and increased during 4 weeks of storage. It can be concluded from the results that incorporation of higher amounts of ragi resulted in lower fat uptake but compromised the sensory quality of the product. However, incorporation at the 5% level had the opposite effect. Gelatinization as a pretreatment was found to improve the quality of the product. [source] Long-term effects of a psycholinguistic treatment for dyslexiaJOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN READING, Issue 2 2003Jurgen Tijms Short and long-term effects of a treatment for dyslexia are evaluated. The treatment is based on psycholinguistic theory and assumes that dyslexia is due to poor lexico-phonological processing of words. The treatment is computer-based and focuses on learning to recognise and to make use of the phonological and morphological structure of Dutch words. The results of the treatment were clear improvements in reading words, reading text and spelling. Effect sizes of standardised treatment gains were large (Cohen's d>0.80 for all variables). Following the treatment, participants attained an average level of text-reading and spelling. The attained level of reading words and reading text was found to be stable over a four-year follow-up period. Spelling showed a slight decline one year after the treatment, but remained stable thereafter.1 [source] An Assessment of British Science over the Twentieth Century,THE ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 538 2009Bruce A. Weinberg The twentieth century saw dramatic international shifts in scientific leadership. Despite these dramatic shifts Britain's position has been remarkably stable and strong. I study these changes using data on Nobel laureates in Chemistry, Medicine, and Physics. Raw data show a slight decline in British science, mainly in physics but once one accounts for the tremendous increase in the US, British science actually shows strong growth. I show that raw data and data that adjust for population and gross domestic product (per capita or total), consistently rank Britain as one of the top scientific performers. [source] Distribution and abundance of patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Laikipia, Kenya, 1979,2004AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 11 2007Lynne A. Isbell Abstract Patas monkeys may be especially vulnerable to local extinction because they live in relatively small, female-philopatric groups at low densities and are strongly polygynous. We assessed a patas monkey population in Kenya's 9,700 km2 Laikipia District over 25 years, using data collected in 1979,1981 and 1992,2004. The data were based on intensive observations of three study groups, "on the ground" counts, and surveys of Laikipia residents. In 1979,1981, a minimum of 415 patas monkeys lived in 14,15 groups. By 2000, the best estimate suggested 310,445 patas monkeys living in 13,17 groups over a greater surveyed area, suggesting that patas monkeys in Laikipia may have undergone a slight decline in numbers over time. Their distribution, however, was similar over time. The relative stability of this population has likely been the result of beneficial co-existence with large-scale cattle ranching. Outside Laikipia, substantial habitat alteration from rising human populations has coincided with the near disappearance of patas monkeys where they were previously more numerous. The small population in Laikipia, probably the largest remaining in Kenya, may therefore be critical to the continued existence of patas monkeys in that country and may be dependent on maintenance of large-scale ranches. Such land use provides patas monkeys with water and broad expanses of Acacia drepanolobium woodlands, the habitat to which patas are restricted in Laikipia. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1223,1235, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Phosphorus requirement of Catla (Catla catla Hamilton) fingerlings based on growth, whole-body phosphorus concentration and non-faecal phosphorus excretionAQUACULTURE RESEARCH, Issue 2 2009Krishna Sukumaran Abstract A 120-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary requirement of phosphorus for Indian major carp, catla (Catla catla) fingerlings. Four hundred and eighty fingerlings (mean body weight: 4.23±0.87 g) were randomly distributed among eight treatment groups with three replicates each. Eight isonitrogenous and isocaloric semi-purified diets (crude protein: 35% and crude lipid: 8.5%) were formulated with graded levels of phosphorus using KH2PO4 (T1: control, 0.1%; T2: 0.3%; T3: 0.5%; T4: 0.7%; T5: 0.9%; T6: 1.1%; T7: 1.3%; T8: 1.5%) and fed to the respective groups. Twenty fish were stocked in 150 L plastic tanks and fed to apparent satiation twice a day. Specific growth rate (SGR) significantly (P<0.05) increased with increasing dietary phosphorus concentration from 0.73% to 1.27%, after which there was a slight decline in growth at 1.1% available phosphorus (aP) and remained constant thereafter. The quadratic broken-line model based on growth was Y=317.5,581(0.64,x) (0.64,x); R2=0.73. Moisture and crude protein contents of whole body were similar among all the treatments. However, the ether extract in T1 group was significantly (P<0.05) higher than all the other treatments. The whole-body phosphorus content increased significantly (P<0.05) with an increase in phosphorus in the diets. The one-slope broken-line model based on whole-body phosphorus concentration was Y=4.07,1.63 (0.71,x); R2=0.48. The one-slope broken-line model for non-faecal phosphorus excretion as inorganic phosphorus (Pi) for 24 h revealed a trend of Y=12.67+73.96 (x,0.6); R2=0.81. Minimum aP requirements based on weight gain (%), whole-body phosphorus content and phosphorus excretion were 0.64%, 0.71% and 0.6%, respectively. Hence, the dietary aP requirement of catla fingerlings ranges from 0.6% to 0.71%. [source] Profit-sharing plans and affective commitment: Does the context matter?HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2009Alberto Bayo-Moriones Abstract This article analyzes the relationship between profit-sharing plans (PSP) and affective commitment and how it is affected by the context of the PSP application. Overall, there is a positive relationship between profit sharing and commitment that is strongest in very small firms. The efficacy of a PSP in improving employees' affective commitment appears to be greatest in firms with low job-related employee participation. Its application in workplaces where employees enjoy high levels of participation appears to have little impact and may even result in slight declines in affective commitment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] | ||||||||||