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Slide Surfaces (slide + surface)

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Life Sciences40%

Selected Abstracts

Slope stability analysis based on elasto-plastic finite element method

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 14 2005
H. Zheng
Abstract The paper deals with two essential and related closely processes involved in the finite element slope stability analysis in two-dimensional problems, i.e. computation of the factors of safety (FOS) and location of the critical slide surfaces. A so-called ,,v inequality, sin ,,1 , 2v is proved for any elasto-plastic material satisfying Mohr,Coulomb's yield criterion. In order to obtain an FOS of high precision with less calculation and a proper distribution of plastic zones in the critical equilibrium state, it is stated that the Poisson's ratio v should be adjusted according to the principle that the ,,v inequality always holds as reducing the strength parameters c and ,. While locating the critical slide surface represented by the critical slide line (CSL) under the plane strain condition, an initial value problem of a system of ordinary differential equations defining the CSL is formulated. A robust numerical solution for the initial value problem based on the predictor,corrector method is given in conjunction with the necessary and sufficient condition ensuring the convergence of solution. A simple example, the kinematic solution of which is available, and a challenging example from a hydraulic project in construction are analysed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Microchannels Constructed on Rough Hydrophobic Surfaces

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (CET), Issue 8 2008
M. Watanabe
Abstract A microchannel was constructed between two glass slides, taking advantage of their surface properties. The channel geometry was defined by a line that was previously printed on the slide surface using a highly water-soluble liquid [2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol] as the ink. Water, which acted as the working fluid flowed along this line. Although the channel did not have any sidewalls, the water was fixed along the printed line due to the large contact-angle hysteresis of the slide surface whose properties were rough and hydrophobic. Such roughness was more advantageous over smoothness due to the large contact-angle hysteresis of water and the good wettability of the ink. Using a syringe pump, the water was able to continuously flow through a 1,mm wide and 0.13,mm deep channel without flooding. [source]

Slope stability analysis based on elasto-plastic finite element method

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING, Issue 14 2005
H. Zheng
Abstract The paper deals with two essential and related closely processes involved in the finite element slope stability analysis in two-dimensional problems, i.e. computation of the factors of safety (FOS) and location of the critical slide surfaces. A so-called ,,v inequality, sin ,,1 , 2v is proved for any elasto-plastic material satisfying Mohr,Coulomb's yield criterion. In order to obtain an FOS of high precision with less calculation and a proper distribution of plastic zones in the critical equilibrium state, it is stated that the Poisson's ratio v should be adjusted according to the principle that the ,,v inequality always holds as reducing the strength parameters c and ,. While locating the critical slide surface represented by the critical slide line (CSL) under the plane strain condition, an initial value problem of a system of ordinary differential equations defining the CSL is formulated. A robust numerical solution for the initial value problem based on the predictor,corrector method is given in conjunction with the necessary and sufficient condition ensuring the convergence of solution. A simple example, the kinematic solution of which is available, and a challenging example from a hydraulic project in construction are analysed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Disruption of fungal and bacterial biofilms by lauroyl glucose

LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2008
D.H. Dusane
Abstract Aim:, The ability of enzymatically synthesized lauroyl glucose to disrupt fungal (Candida albicans, Candida lipolytica) and bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Pseudomonas aureofaciens) biofilms was investigated. Methods and Results:, Preformed biofilms of C. albicans and C. lipolytica in polystyrene microtitre plates were disrupted upto 45% and 65%, respectively, while P. aeruginosa and P. aureofaciens biofilms were disrupted by 51% and 57%. Precoating of the microtitre wells with lauroyl glucose affected cell attachment and biofilm growth of all the cultures to a lesser extent. With C. albicans and C. lipolytica, there was 11% and 32% decrease in the development of biofilms, respectively. With P. aeruginosa and P. aureofaciens, the reduction was 21% and 12% after 48 h. Lauroyl glucose effectively inhibited the formation of biofilms on glass slide surfaces when added along with the inoculum. Analysis by confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the growth of the biofilms was lesser as compared with the control experiments. Lauroyl glucose displayed minimum inhibitory concentration values >500 ,g ml,1 for the test cultures and was comparable to that obtained with acetyl salicylate. Conclusion:, Lauroyl glucose reduces biofilm growth of all the four test cultures on polystyrene and glass surfaces. Significance and Impact of the Study:, This report is a novel application of the enzymatically synthesized, environmental-friendly nonionic surfactant. [source]

Control of microbial attachment by inhibition of ATP and ATP-mediated autoinducer-2

BIOTECHNOLOGY & BIOENGINEERING, Issue 1 2010
Huijuan Xu
Abstract In this study, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), a typical chemical uncoupler, was employed to investigate the possible roles of ATP and autoinducer-2 (AI-2) of suspended microorganisms in attachment onto nylon membrane and glass slide surfaces. Results showed that DNP could disrupt ATP synthesis, subsequently led to a reduced production of AI-2 which is a common signaling molecule for cellular communication. Attachment of suspended microorganisms exposed to DNP was significantly suppressed as compared to microorganisms without contact with DNP. These suggest that an energized state of suspended microorganisms would favor microbial attachment to both nylon membrane and glass slide surfaces. The extent of microbial attachment was found to be positively related to the AI-2 content of microorganisms. This study offers insights into the control of biofouling by preventing initial microbial attachment through inhibition of energy metabolism. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 31,36. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]