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Slow Evolution (slow + evolution)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences60%

Selected Abstracts

Slow evolution of cerebellar degeneration and chorea in a man with anti-Yo antibodies

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 3 2006
P. Krolak-Salmon
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

The Branchiopoda (Crustacea: Anomopoda, Ctenopoda and Cyclestherida) of the rain forests of Cameroon, West Africa: low abundances, few endemics and a boreal,tropical disjunction

JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Issue 9 2005
George Y. Chiambeng
Abstract Aim, We provide the first in-depth study of the Branchiopoda of the rain forests of Cameroon and also of the African continent. Location, Surface water environments, Cameroon. Methods, Qualitative plankton samples were collected in all types of surface water environments present, ranging from big lakes to water collected in rock crevices or fallen fruit cavities. A tow or hand-held plankton net of mesh size 100 ,m was used, and water volumes filtered were at least several m3 in large water bodies, or half to whole water volume in small water bodies. Results, We recorded 61 species (53 first records for the country), based on 700+ samples collected between September 1998 and March 2002. Anomopoda (92%) was the dominant order, followed by Ctenopoda (6.5%) and Cyclestherida (1.5%). Chydoridae (67%) was the most speciose family followed by Macrothricidae (6.5%) and Daphniidae (5%). Alona (11%) was the dominant genus followed by Chydorus (10%) and Pleuroxus (8%). Several species of Chydorinae, especially of the genus Pleuroxus, are shared with continental Eurasia,North America, but are absent from the Mediterranean and desert,steppe,savanna zones of Africa (boreal,tropical disjunction). Daphnia was absent, as in most tropical lowlands. No single species was really abundant, and a majority were rare to very rare, and of restricted occurrence within the rain forest patches. Comparing Africa, South America and Southeast Asia, we found a current total of 196 species for the combined rain forest areas, out of a world total of 500+ species. Systematic trends in richness at three taxonomic levels were the same for all continents: Anomopoda,Ctenopoda,Cyclestherida at ordinal level, Chydoridae,Daphniidae,Macrothricidae,Sididae at family level and Alona,Chydorus,Macrothrix,Diaphanosoma at genus level. Southeast Asia was richest (111 species, 14 endemics) with South America a close second (110 species, 27 endemics). Africa was the most species-poor (95 species, of which only 5 are endemics). Main conclusions, We hypothesize that the post-Miocene cooling and aridization of the world climate hit the freshwater biota of Africa particularly hard, with more extinction here than elsewhere, and little recolonization. Most extinction occurred in the savanna-desert belt, and eight disjunct boreal species (four Pleuroxus, Picripleuroxus laevis, Kurzia latissima, Alonella exigua, and Monospilus dispar) survive morphologically unchanged since pre-Pleistocene times in the Cameroon rain forest. Slow evolution thus appears typical of these cyclic parthenogenetic branchiopods in which sexual recombination occurs only at intervals. Illustrative of the same slow evolution is the fact that the two endemic cladocerans of Cameroon (Nicsmirnovius camerounensis and Bryospilus africanus) belong to tropicopolitan genera of Gondwanan age. [source]

Controversies in the management of the cutaneous T cell lymphomas

DERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 5 2009
John A. Zic
ABSTRACT The primary cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) encompass all malignancies of the T cell where the skin is the primary organ of involvement. The diagnosis of a CTCL variant can be detoured by a number of obstacles including the slow evolution of the disease into a classic clinical and pathologic pattern. A realistic goal of early stage treatment is to reduce the likelihood of progression to a more advanced stage, not to achieve a cure. No studies have adequately compared the different systemic agents in patients with advanced CTCL so the clinician is left to act in the best interest of the patient with what evidence is available. When using the systemic agents, a "start low and go slow" strategy may offer patients several advantages. Dermatologists are uniquely trained to diagnose and to manage all but the most advanced stage patients with CTCL. [source]

The Branchiopoda (Crustacea: Anomopoda, Ctenopoda and Cyclestherida) of the rain forests of Cameroon, West Africa: low abundances, few endemics and a boreal,tropical disjunction

JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Issue 9 2005
George Y. Chiambeng
Abstract Aim, We provide the first in-depth study of the Branchiopoda of the rain forests of Cameroon and also of the African continent. Location, Surface water environments, Cameroon. Methods, Qualitative plankton samples were collected in all types of surface water environments present, ranging from big lakes to water collected in rock crevices or fallen fruit cavities. A tow or hand-held plankton net of mesh size 100 ,m was used, and water volumes filtered were at least several m3 in large water bodies, or half to whole water volume in small water bodies. Results, We recorded 61 species (53 first records for the country), based on 700+ samples collected between September 1998 and March 2002. Anomopoda (92%) was the dominant order, followed by Ctenopoda (6.5%) and Cyclestherida (1.5%). Chydoridae (67%) was the most speciose family followed by Macrothricidae (6.5%) and Daphniidae (5%). Alona (11%) was the dominant genus followed by Chydorus (10%) and Pleuroxus (8%). Several species of Chydorinae, especially of the genus Pleuroxus, are shared with continental Eurasia,North America, but are absent from the Mediterranean and desert,steppe,savanna zones of Africa (boreal,tropical disjunction). Daphnia was absent, as in most tropical lowlands. No single species was really abundant, and a majority were rare to very rare, and of restricted occurrence within the rain forest patches. Comparing Africa, South America and Southeast Asia, we found a current total of 196 species for the combined rain forest areas, out of a world total of 500+ species. Systematic trends in richness at three taxonomic levels were the same for all continents: Anomopoda,Ctenopoda,Cyclestherida at ordinal level, Chydoridae,Daphniidae,Macrothricidae,Sididae at family level and Alona,Chydorus,Macrothrix,Diaphanosoma at genus level. Southeast Asia was richest (111 species, 14 endemics) with South America a close second (110 species, 27 endemics). Africa was the most species-poor (95 species, of which only 5 are endemics). Main conclusions, We hypothesize that the post-Miocene cooling and aridization of the world climate hit the freshwater biota of Africa particularly hard, with more extinction here than elsewhere, and little recolonization. Most extinction occurred in the savanna-desert belt, and eight disjunct boreal species (four Pleuroxus, Picripleuroxus laevis, Kurzia latissima, Alonella exigua, and Monospilus dispar) survive morphologically unchanged since pre-Pleistocene times in the Cameroon rain forest. Slow evolution thus appears typical of these cyclic parthenogenetic branchiopods in which sexual recombination occurs only at intervals. Illustrative of the same slow evolution is the fact that the two endemic cladocerans of Cameroon (Nicsmirnovius camerounensis and Bryospilus africanus) belong to tropicopolitan genera of Gondwanan age. [source]

Delayed Onset of Brown,Sequard Syndrome Involving Upper Extremity Pain

PAIN PRACTICE, Issue 2 2009
Nelson Tang MD
Abstract Report of a case: A 60-year-old white male with a history of C3,C4 spinal cord injury with subsequent C3,C4 fusion complained of right upper extremity painful spasms of 2 years duration with associated hyperspasticity, motor weakness and poor positional and vibrational sense. The patient was diagnosed with Brown,Sequard syndrome (BSS) and treated with botulinum toxin type A injections distributed into the affected muscle groups that provided substantial and lasting relief. This case is unique in that the patient's trauma occurred 28 years before the development of the BSS suggesting a slow evolution of the condition. [source]