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Sleep Onset (sleep + onset)
Terms modified by Sleep Onset Selected AbstractsExploratory Analysis of Cerebral Oxygen Reserves During Sleep Onset in Older and Younger AdultsJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 5 2008Barbara W. Carlson RN OBJECTIVES: To explore differences in cerebral oxygen reserves during sleep in old and young adults. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING: General clinical research center. PARTICIPANTS: Nine old (aged 65,84) and 10 young (aged 21,39) adults. MEASUREMENTS: Subjects were monitored during the first nightly sleep cycle using standard polysomnography, including measures of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2). Changes in regional cerebral oxyhemoglobin saturation (rcSO2) were used to estimate cerebral oxygen reserves. General linear models were used to test group differences in the change in SaO2 and rcSO2 during sleep. RESULTS: Older subjects had lower SaO2 than young subjects before sleep (baseline) (F(1,18)=5.1, P=.04) and during sleep (F(1,18)=10.7, P=.01). During sleep, half of the older subjects and none of the younger ones had SaO2 values below 95%. In addition, the older subjects had more periods of oxygen desaturation (drops in SaO2,4%) (chi-square=24.3, P=.01) and lower SaO2 levels during desaturation (F(1,18)=11.1, P<.01). Although baseline values were similar, rcSO2 decreased during sleep 2.1% in older subjects (F(1,8)=3.8, P=.05) but increased 2.1% during sleep in younger subjects (F(1,9)=4.6, P=.04). When the older subjects awakened from sleep, rcSO2, but not SaO2, returned to baseline; both returned to baseline in younger subjects. CONCLUSION: This exploratory analysis generated the hypothesis that lower SaO2, combined with declines in regional blood flow, contributes to decline in cerebral oxygen reserves during sleep in older subjects. Further study will assess the effects of factors (e.g., medical conditions, subclinical disorders, and sleep architecture) that might account for these differences. [source] Short-term nocturnal hypoglycaemia increases morning food intake in healthy humansDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 2 2008S. M. Schmid Abstract Aims Hypoglycaemia during wakefulness increases hunger and food intake. Patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus are at high risk of recurrent hypoglycaemia and weight gain. Given the background of frequent hypoglycaemic episodes during night-time sleep in diabetic patients, we investigated morning food intake after nocturnal hypoglycaemia. Methods We tested 16 healthy normal-weight subjects (eight women) on three nights. A linear fall in plasma glucose to a nadir of 2.2 mmol/l within 60 min was induced by insulin infusion immediately after sleep onset (,early hypo') or after about 3.5 h of sleep (,late hypo'). On a control night, no hypoglycaemia was induced. Spontaneous food intake at a breakfast buffet was registered on the subsequent morning. Results Compared with the control condition (700 ± 93 kcal), subjects ate more after ,late hypo' (867 ± 108 kcal; P = 0.041), but not after ,early hypo' (852 ± 111 kcal; P = 0.130). Analyses of macronutrient fractions revealed that in comparison with the control condition, subjects ate significantly more carbohydrates after both ,late hypo' (277 ± 25 kcal vs. 206 ± 23 kcal, P < 0.001) and ,early hypo' (245 ± 23 kcal, P = 0.048), with this effect being more pronounced after late than early nocturnal hypoglycaemia (P = 0.026). Conclusions In healthy subjects, nocturnal hypoglycaemia during sleep stimulates spontaneous food intake the following morning, with carbohydrate intake being especially affected. Effects were more pronounced after ,late hypo', suggesting the influence of temporal dynamics. Although healthy non-diabetic subjects were studied, similar mechanisms may contribute to the frequently observed body weight gain in insulin-treated diabetic patients. [source] Indiplon: the development of a novel therapy for the treatment of sleep onset and sleep maintenance insomniaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 6 2007A. Lankford Summary Indiplon is a novel non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic that modulates the GABAA receptor complex. It appears to be more selective for the ,1-receptor subunit, associated with sedation, than other hypnotics. Two different formulations of indiplon have been developed: an immediate release (IR) version targeting sleep onset insomnia and a modified release (MR) version addressing sleep maintenance insomnia. Early results from clinical trials indicate that both formulations are well tolerated and effective at improving both objective and subjective measures of sleep. As of May 2006 indiplon-IR has been provisionally approved for use in the US market and discussions are continuing with the FDA regarding the MR formulation. [source] Sleep disturbances among nursing home residentsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 7 2002Arne Fetveit MD Abstract Study objectives This study assesses the prevalence and characteristics of sleep disturbances among an entire nursing home population, consisting of 29, mainly demented, long-term patients. Design and setting Sleep was evaluated for 14 consecutive days using actigraphic measurements and nursing staff observations. No alterations were made in every-day routines or medications during the observation period. Measurements and results Actigraphy showed a mean sleep onset latency of one hour and a mean wake after sleep onset of more than two hours, while there was no findings of early morning awakening. Mean sleep efficiency was 75%, and more than 13 hours were spent in bed. 72% of the subjects had sleep efficiency below 85%. Nursing staff reported sleep onset latency of more than 30 minutes in 158 of the 203 analysed days, while early morning awakening was reported in only 12 of 203 days. Actigraphical measurements and nursing staff observations gave similar results. The validity of actigraphy in this population is discussed. Conclusion Sleep disturbances were common among the residents in this nursing home. Sleep onset latency was prolonged, and the patients experienced frequent wake bouts after sleep onset. The diminished ability of sustained sleep may have been influenced by the prolonged time in bed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Association Between Sleep and Physical Function in Older Men: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Sleep StudyJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 9 2008Thuy-Tien L. Dam MD OBJECTIVES: To determine whether sleep quality is associated with physical function in older men. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Six U.S. centers. PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand eight hundred sixty-two community-dwelling men. MEASUREMENTS: Total hours of nighttime sleep (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep latency (SL), and sleep efficiency (SE) measured using actigraphy; sleep stage distribution, respiratory disturbance index (RDI), and hypoxia measured using polysomnography; measures of physical function: grip strength, walking speed, chair stand, and narrow walk. RESULTS: In age-adjusted models, <6 or >8 hours TST, SE less than 80%, WASO of 90 minutes or longer, RDI of 30 or greater, and hypoxia were associated with poorer physical function. (Mean grip strength was 2.9% lower and mean walking speed was 4.3% lower in men with WASO ,90 minutes than men with WASO <90 minutes.) After adjusting for potential covariates, differences in grip strength and walking speed remained significantly associated with WASO of 90 minutes or longer, SE less than 80%, and hypoxia but not with TST or RDI of 30 or greater. CONCLUSION: Greater sleep fragmentation and hypoxia are associated with poorer physical function in older men. [source] Individualized and time-variant model for the functional link between thermoregulation and sleep onsetJOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Issue 2 2006STIJN QUANTEN Summary This study makes use of control system model identification techniques to examine the relationship between thermoregulation and sleep regulation. Specifically, data-based mechanistic (DBM) modelling is used to formulate and experimentally test the hypothesis, put forth by Gilbert et al. [Sleep Med. Rev.8 (2004) 81], that there exists a connection between distal heat loss and sleepiness. Six healthy sleepers each spent three nights and the following day in the sleep laboratory: an adaptation, a cognitive arousal and a neutral testing day. In the cognitive arousal condition, a visit of a television camera crew took place and subjects were asked to be interviewed. During each of the three 25-min driving simulator tasks per day, the distal-to-proximal gradient and the electroencephalogram are recorded. It is observed from these experimental data that there exists a feedback connection between thermoregulation and sleep. In addition to providing experimental evidence in support of the Gilbert et al. (2004) hypothesis, the authors propose that the nature of the feedback connection is determined by the nature of sleep/wake state (i.e. NREM sleep versus unwanted sleepiness in active subjects). Besides this, an individualized and time-variant model for the linkage between thermoregulation and sleep onset is presented. This compact model feeds on real-time data regarding distal heat loss and sleepiness and contains a physically meaningful parameter that delivers an individual- and time-depending quantification of a well known biological features in the field of thermoregulation: the thermoregulatory error signal Thypo(t),Tset(t). A validation of these physical/biological features emphasizes the reliability and power of DBM in describing individual differences related to the sleep process. [source] Childhood chronic sleep onset insomnia and late sleep onset: What's the difference?JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH, Issue 2 2005Kristiaan B. van der Heijden [source] Rhythmic movement disorder (head banging) in an adult during rapid eye movement sleepMOVEMENT DISORDERS, Issue 6 2006Kirstie N. Anderson MD Abstract Sleep-related rhythmic movements (head banging or body rocking) are extremely common in normal infants and young children, but less than 5% of children over the age of 5 years old exhibit these stereotyped motor behaviors. They characteristically occur during drowsiness or sleep onset rather than in deep sleep or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. We present a 27-year-old man with typical rhythmic movement disorder that had persisted into adult life and was restricted to REM sleep. This man is the oldest subject with this presentation reported to date and highlights the importance of recognizing this nocturnal movement disorder when it does occur in adults. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society [source] Do mobile phone base stations affect sleep of residents?AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2010Results from an experimental double-blind sham-controlled field study Objectives: The aim of the present double-blind, sham-controlled, balanced randomized cross-over study was to disentangle effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) and non-EMF effects of mobile phone base stations on objective and subjective sleep quality. Methods: In total 397 residents aged 18,81 years (50.9% female) from 10 German sites, where no mobile phone service was available, were exposed to sham and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications, 900 MHz and 1,800 MHz) base station signals by an experimental base station while their sleep was monitored at their homes during 12 nights. Participants were randomly exposed to real (GSM) or sham exposure for five nights each. Individual measurement of EMF exposure, questionnaires on sleep disorders, overall sleep quality, attitude towards mobile communication, and on subjective sleep quality (morning and evening protocols) as well as objective sleep data (frontal EEG and EOG recordings) were gathered. Results: Analysis of the subjective and objective sleep data did not reveal any significant differences between the real and sham condition. During sham exposure nights, objective and subjective sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and subjective sleep latency were significantly worse in participants with concerns about possible health risks resulting from base stations than in participants who were not concerned. Conclusions: The study did not provide any evidence for short-term physiological effects of EMF emitted by mobile phone base stations on objective and subjective sleep quality. However, the results indicate that mobile phone base stations as such (not the electromagnetic fields) may have a significant negative impact on sleep quality. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:613,618, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Triadic bed-sharing and infant temperatureCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2002H. L. Ball Abstract The effects on infants of sleeping with their parents is currently the subject of much debate. One concern regarding infants who sleep in their parents' bed involves the possibility of overheating. Previous research reported a significantly greater core temperature of 0.1°C among a cohort of bed-sharing infants compared with a matched cohort of infants sleeping alone. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the overnight rectal temperature of 12 of the 20 infants who were monitored sleeping alone and with their parents on separate nights at the University of Durham Parent-Infant Sleep Lab. No significant differences were found in all night rectal temperature, or temperature from 2 h after sleep onset between bed-sharing and cot sleeping nights. These preliminary analyses suggest a night-time difference in rectal temperature between routine bed-sharers and routine cot sleepers, however, these findings will be further explored in the full analyses for this study. [source] | ||||||||||