Skin Surface Temperature (skin + surface_temperature)

Distribution by Scientific Domains


Selected Abstracts


Thermographic assessment of tumor growth in mouse xenografts

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 5 2007
Chengli Song
Abstract In human breast tumors, a 1,2°C increase in skin surface temperature is usually observed at the periphery; it has been proposed that this change is due to the hypervascularity and increased blood flow resulting from tumor-associated angiogenesis. Here we tested the hypothesis that thermal imaging might represent a useful adjunctive technique in monitoring the growth dynamics of human tumor xenografts. Xenografts were established in immunocomprised nude mice using MDA-MB-231 or MCF7 breast cancer cells. We exploited the inherent noncontact and noninvasive advantages of infrared thermography to detect skin surface temperature changes. Continuous thermographic investigation was performed to detect and monitor tumor growth in vivo and high resolution digital images were analyzed to measure the tumor temperature dynamics. In contrast to the skin temperature increases associated with human breast cancer, a consistent temperature decrease was found in the xenograft mice. In one case, a smaller secondary tumor, otherwise undetectable, was clearly evident by thermal imaging. The tumors were cooler than the surrounding tissue with a maximum temperature reduction of 1.5°C for MDA-MB-231 tumor and 3°C for MCF7 tumors observed on day 14. In addition, the temperature of the xenograft tumors decreased progressively as they grew throughout the observation period. It was demonstrated that thermographic imaging could detect temperature changes as small as 0.1°C on the skin surface at an early stage of tumor development. The findings of the study indicate that thermographic imaging might have considerable potential in monitoring human tumor xenografts and their response to anticancer drugs. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Temperature controlled burn generation system based on a CO2 laser and a silver halide fiber optic radiometer

LASERS IN SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Issue 5 2003
Meir Cohen MD
Abstract Background and Objectives Experimental animal study of burns is dependent on a reliable burn generation system. Most of the experimental systems used today are unable to produce precise partial thickness burns. This limits the ability to study minor changes associated with burn care. The aim of the study was to develop a method for generating burns with a fixed depth using a CO2 laser burn generation system. Materials and Methods The burn generation system was composed of two components: a burn generation device and a temperature sensing and control system. These components were designed to operate together in order to keep a constant, predetermined skin surface temperature during prolonged burn generation. One hundred thirty-eight spot burns were generated on the back of five shaved 450 g male Wistar rats. The rat skin was exposed to a 70°C for 5,60 seconds. The burned areas were excised and underwent evaluation by hematoxylin-eosin-stained slide microscopy. Results A linear correlation was found between the duration of exposure and the average burn depth (r,=,0.93). This correlation is represented by the equation: burn depth in millimeters,=,0.012×,(duration in seconds of skin exposure at 70°C). Conclusions The fiber-optic-controlled laser burn generation system studied is a reliable tool for creating partial thickness as well as full thickness skin burns in rats. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:413,416, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]


Influence of blood flow and millimeter wave exposure on skin temperature in different thermal models

BIOELECTROMAGNETICS, Issue 1 2009
S.I. Alekseev
Abstract Recently we showed that the Pennes bioheat transfer equation was not adequate to quantify mm wave heating of the skin at high blood flow rates. To do so, it is necessary to incorporate an "effective" thermal conductivity to obtain a hybrid bioheat equation (HBHE). The main aim of this study was to determine the relationship between non-specific tissue blood flow in a homogeneous unilayer model and dermal blood flow in multilayer models providing that the skin surface temperatures before and following mm wave exposure were the same. This knowledge could be used to develop multilayer models based on the fitting parameters obtained with the homogeneous tissue models. We tested four tissue models consisting of 1,4 layers and applied the one-dimensional steady-state HBHE. To understand the role of the epidermis in skin models we added to the one- and three-layer models an external thin epidermal layer with no blood flow. Only the combination of models containing the epidermal layer was appropriate for determination of the relationship between non-specific tissue and dermal blood flows giving the same skin surface temperatures. In this case we obtained a linear relationship between non-specific tissue and dermal blood flows. The presence of the fat layer resulted in the appearance of a significant temperature gradient between the dermis and muscle layer which increased with the fat layer thickness. Bioelectromagnetics 30:52,58, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]