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Single-photon Emission Tomography (single-photon + emission_tomography)
Selected AbstractsWhat imaging tells us about violence in anti-social menCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 3 2010Mairead C. DolanArticle first published online: 8 JUN 2010 This paper provides an overview of imaging studies in samples of men with personality disorder (PD) who have been violent. Mention is also made of the work of two groups that have looked at the neural correlates of violence across diagnostic categories, including schizophrenia and anti-social PD given their relevance in the field. The paper focuses on the notion that aggressive behaviour can be conceptualised in terms of at least two types, reactive and pro-active, and that few studies separate them. The neuro-anatomical basis of aggression and associated neurobehavioural theories are discussed in relation to clinical disorders (mainly anti-social personality pathology) associated with these different types of aggressive behaviour. Structural (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) and functional (positron emission tomography, fMRI, single-photon emission tomography) studies with violent people variously characterised as anti-social or having psychopathy will be critically reviewed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Parietal Lobe Epilepsy: The Semiology, Yield of Diagnostic Workup, and Surgical OutcomeEPILEPSIA, Issue 6 2004Dong Wook Kim Summary: Purpose: To characterize the clinical features, the prognostic value, and diagnostic sensitivities of various presurgical evaluations and the surgical outcomes in parietal lobe epilepsy (PLE), we describe 40 patients who were diagnosed as having PLE, including 27 surgically treated patients. Methods: The diagnosis was established by means of a standard presurgical evaluation, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorodeoxyglucose,positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), ictal single-photon emission tomography (SPECT), and scalp video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring, with additional intracranial EEG monitoring in selected cases. Results: Among the 40 patients, 27 experienced at least one type of aura. The most common auras were somatosensory (13 patients), followed by affective, vertiginous, and visual auras. The patients had diverse manifestations. Eighteen patients showed simple motor seizure, followed by automotor seizure, and dialeptic seizure. Two patients manifested generalized tonic,clonic seizures only, and 19 patients experienced more than one type of seizure. The surgical outcome was favorable in 22 of 26 patients including 14 who were seizure free. Patients with localized MRI abnormality had a higher probability to be seizure free, with marginal significance (p = 0.062), whereas other diagnostic modalities failed to predict the surgical outcome. In the seizure-free group, localization sensitivity was 64.3% by MRI, 50% by PET, 45.5% by ictal SPECT, and 35.7% by ictal EEG. The concordance rate of the various diagnostic modalities was higher in the seizure-free group than in the non,seizure-free group, although it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Seizures, in the case of PLE, can manifest themselves in a wider variety of ways than was previously thought. Surgical outcome was favorable in most of the patients. MRI abnormality and concordance of different diagnostic modalities were associated with high seizure-free rate. [source] Functional magnetic resonance imagery (fMRI) in fibromyalgia and the response to milnacipranHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue S1 2009Yves MainguyArticle first published online: 28 MAY 200 Abstract Functional imaging has been used to study response to pain in fibromyalgia patients. Functional magnetic resonance imagery (fMRI) which tracks local changes in blood flow has a higher spatial and temporal resolution than other techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission tomography (SPECT). fMRI studies in fibromyalgia patients suggest that similar levels of subjective pain result in similar central nervous system (CNS) activation in both fibromyalgia patients and controls. For a similar stimulus, however, fibromyalgia patients have a greater subjective sensation of pain. This increased sensitivity is accompanied with a decreased activity in brain regions implicated in the descending pain inhibitory pathways. The hypothesis that increased sensitivity to pain is due to decreased activity of the descending inhibitory pathways is supported by results with milnacipran. Fibromyalgia patients treated with the serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, milnacipran, exhibited a reduction in pain sensitivity and a parallel increase in activity in brain regions implicated in the descending pain inhibitory pathways compared to placebo-treated patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Dopamine Transporter in vitro Binding and in vivo Imaging in the BrainBASIC AND CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY, Issue 6 2001Kim A. Bergström Recent findings indicate that dopamine reuptake is more like a highly regulated than a constitutive determinant of dopamine clearance. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission tomography (SPET) offer unique methods to study dopamine transporter function. Results from in vivo PET and SPET studies correspond well with in vitro studies performed on post mortem human brain tissue. Considering some of the variances between in vitro and in vivo receptor binding phenomena it may be that the role of a compound to alter binding to monoamine uptake sites in vitro does not indicate its potential to affect monoamine transporters after administration in vivo. This discrepancy may be better understood taking into account recent studies indicating the possibility of a rapid regulation of transporter function and surface expression. Furthermore, the dopamine transporter is a fruitful target for CNS drug discovery. Fundamental nature of drug actions in vivo may be studied using demonstrated in vitro and in vivo imaging methods. [source] Quantification of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction from gated 99mTc-MIBI SPECT: MRI validation of the exini heart software packageCLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTIONAL IMAGING, Issue 2 2009Oliver H. Winz Summary The aim of the study was to validate the accuracy of the exini heart software (exini) package in assessing left ventricular end-diastolic/systolic volumes (EDV, ESV) and ejection fraction (LVEF) from gated 99mTc-MIBI single-photon emission tomography (SPECT). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) was used as reference. Furthermore, effects of perfusion defects and image quality in SPECT on correlation between gated SPECT and magnetic resonance imaging were investigated. Methods:, Seventy patients were examined using gated SPECT (rest study, eight gates per cardiac cycle). EDV, ESV and LVEF were calculated from gated SPECT using exini. Directly before or after SPECT, cMRI (20 gates cardiac per cycle) was performed. EDV, ESV and LVEF were calculated using Simpson's rule. Perfusion defects were quantified using the summed-rest-score (SRS). Total number of myocardial counts were used to rate image quality. Results:, Correlation between results of gated SPECT and cMRI was high for EDV (R = 0·89) and ESV (R = 0·94) and good for LVEF (R = 0·78). ESV (exini 54 ± 31 ml versus cMRI 57 ± 34 ml) and LVEF (exini 62·9 ± 11·7% versus cMRI 60·6 ± 13·9%) did not differ significantly whereas exini overestimated EDV significantly compared with cMRI (exini 144 ± 41 ml versus cMRI 137 ± 36 ml; P<0·005). No correlation was found between absolute differences of the results given by gated SPECT and cMRI and SRS or total myocardial counts (R < 0·18). Conclusion:, End-diastolic volume, ESV and LVEF calculated from gated SPECT using exini agree with cMRI over a wide range of values. Correlation between both the methods was good for EDV and ESV, and acceptable for LVEF. No relevant influence of image quality or SRS on the accuracy of exini results was found. [source] | ||||||||||