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Single Shot (single + shot)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	50%

Selected Abstracts

Simple devices for measuring complex ultrashort pulses

LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS, Issue 3 2009
R. Trebino
Abstract We describe experimentally simple, accurate, and reliable methods for measuring from very simple to potentially very complex ultrashort laser pulses. With only a few easily aligned components, these methods allow the measurement of a wide range of pulses, including those with time-bandwidth products greater than 1000 and those with energies of only a few hundred photons. In addition, two new, very simple methods allow the measurement of the complete spatio-temporal intensity and phase of even complex pulses on a single shot or at a tight focus. [source]

Enhanced glutathione production by using low-pH stress coupled with cysteine addition in the treatment of high cell density culture of Candida utilis

LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 5 2008
G. Liang
Abstract Aims:, To investigate the effects of pH stress coupled with cysteine addition on glutathione (GSH) production in the treatment of high cell density culture of Candida utilis. Methods and Results:, We have previously observed that most Candida utilis cells remained viable after being subjected to pH at 1·2 for 3 h and that some intracellular GSH leaked into the medium. A cysteine addition strategy was applied in fed-batch production of GSH. A single cysteine addition resulted in higher GSH yield than two separate additions without pH stress. An increase in intracellular GSH content triggered inhibition of ,-glutamylcysteine synthetase (,-GCS). A strategy that combines cysteine addition with low-pH stress was developed to relieve the inhibition of ,-GCS. Conclusion:, Without pH stress, single shot and double shot cysteine addition yielded a total GSH of 1423 and 1325 mg l,1. In comparison, a low-pH stress counterpart resulted in a total GSH of 1542 and 1730 mg l,1, respectively. With low-pH stress, we observed GSH secretion into the medium at 673 and 558 mg l,1 and an increase in the ,-GCS activity by 1·2- and 1·5-fold, respectively. The specific GSH production yield increased from 1·76% to 1·91% (w/w) for single shot, and 1·64% to 2·14% for double shots. Significance and Impact of the Study:, Low-pH shift was applied to alleviate the feedback inhibition of intracellular GSH on ,-GCS activity by secreting GSH into the medium. This strategy is coupled with cysteine addition to enhance GSH production in Candida utilis. [source]

Continuous sciatic block for leg and foot surgery in 160 children

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 11 2005
LAKSHMI VAS MD
Summary Background:, The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of continuous sciatic block for lower limb surgery in children. Methods:, A total of 160 pediatric patients aged 4 months to 12 years weighing 3.5,50 kg, were given continuous sciatic block plus single shot 3-in-1 block for leg and foot surgery. After general anesthesia, the sciatic nerve was located by using loss of resistance to saline by the mid-thigh approach. An 18 gauge epidural needle was introduced at the junction of the proximal two-third with the distal one-third of a line extending from the apex of popliteal triangle to the midpoint of the line joining the greater trochanter and the ischial tuberosity. A 20 g catheter was threaded through the needle for 5,10 cm and 0.25% bupivacaine 0.75 ml·kg,1 was injected. A single shot 3-in-1 block was also given to facilitate the use of a tourniquet with 0.25% bupivacaine 0.25 ml. In 20 patients a nerve stimulator was used in addition to loss of resistance. The intraoperative sedation comprised propofol and ketamine infusions and 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen by LMA. Results:, Eight-two percent of patients showed no response to surgery; 14% patients showed some response to the medial incision over the ankle and needed additional bolus doses of ketamine and propofol. Block was considered to have failed in 4% who required an increase in propofol and ketamine infusions. A total of 154 patients had good postoperative pain relief for 72 h with continuous infusion of 0.05% bupivacaine. The other six were given oral codeine and diclofenac. There were no complications attributable to sciatic block in any patient. Conclusions:, Sciatic block with a single shot 3-in-1 block for tourniquet pain and light general anesthesia provides good intraoperative conditions for leg and foot surgery and adequate postoperative pain relief. Additional sedation to minimize the discomfort of a cast may be a consideration in the first 24 h. [source]

Bacterial colonization of stimulation electrode wires in patients undergoing temporary sacral nerve stimulation

COLORECTAL DISEASE, Issue 2 2010
T. Dudding
Abstract Objective, In patients undergoing sacral nerve stimulation (SNS), a temporary percutaneous stimulation wire is often used to assess the clinical response to therapy prior to chronic stimulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of bacterial colonization of screening wires and risk of clinical infection in patients undergoing prolonged temporary SNS screening. Method, Data were collected prospectively on a consecutive series of patients undergoing temporary SNS for bowel dysfunction. Procedures were performed using a standardized percutaneous technique with a single shot of either co-amoxyclav 1.2 g or cefuroxime 1.5 g given intravenously on induction. Adherent polyurethane dressings were applied to secure the wire. At the end of the screening period the wire and dressings were removed, the skin entry site was cleaned using an alcohol wipe and the wire removed via an aseptic technique. The distal tip of the wire was then cut and sent for culture. Results, Thirteen wires were removed at a median of 21 (range 16,29) days following insertion. There were no signs of local or systemic infection. Seven of the thirteen wires (54%) were found to have deep bacterial colonization. The commonest organisms isolated were staphylococcus species. There was no correlation between the length of time the lead had been implanted and the incidence of bacterial colonization. Conclusion, Bacterial colonization of the temporary stimulation wire is common but appears to be associated with a low risk of clinical infection. A single peri-operative dose of antibiotics does not appear to prevent colonization. [source]