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Engineering	75%

Selected Abstracts

Quantification of blood intake of the head louse: Pediculus humanus capitis

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 5 2006
Rick Speare MB
Although head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis, are globally prevalent blood-sucking ectoparasites, the amount of blood imbibed by head lice has not been determined. This study investigated this parameter, as regular loss of a small quantity of blood may lead to an iron deficiency and anaemia. Adult female lice (66), adult males (46), and nymphs (152) were weighed before and after feeding in groups of 17,109 lice. The average amounts of blood imbibed at a single feed were: adult female louse (0.0001579 ml), adult male (0.0000657 ml) and nymph (0.0000387 ml). Assuming three feeds per day by an average infection of 30 lice (10 females, 10 males, and 10 nymphs), the average child with active pediculosis would loose 0.008 ml of blood per day. This amount of blood loss is of no clinical significance even in iron-deficient children. The most heavily infected child observed with 2657 lice could be expected to loose 0.7 ml/day or 20.8 ml/month, which may be of clinical importance in a child on an adequate diet, and would be significant in an iron-deficient child. However, if head lice feed more often than three times a day, a heavy infestation would have a greater potential to lead to iron deficiency. The frequency of feeding of head lice on the head of the human host needs to be determined. [source]

Probe compensated single feed circularly polarized fractal-shaped microstrip antennas

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING, Issue 6 2009
P. Nageswara Rao
Abstract A single feed circularly polarized fractal boundary microstrip antenna with improved axial ratio bandwidth is presented. The low-axial ratio bandwidth of single feed circularly polarized microstrip antenna is due to its probe reactance. In this article, the inherent disadvantage of this low-AR bandwidth is overcome by compensating the probe reactance by incorporating capacitance in the form of small patch between the radiating patch and the probe. The perturbation of the patch is done using fractal curve as boundary. The proposed antenna exhibits impedance and axial ratio bandwidths of 9 and 2.2% respectively at 2.4 GHz. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009. [source]

A wideband circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna for 5,6-GHz wireless LAN applications

MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Issue 4 2005
G. Yang
Abstract A wideband slotted circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna is introduced for 5,6-GHz WLAN applications. A small 14.6 × 14.6 mm square patch on Duroid 5880 substrate can provide a return-loss bandwidth of 11% and an axial-ratio bandwidth of 8% with a single feed. A possible reconfigurable design achievable using PIN diode or MEMS switches capable of left-hand or right-hand circular polarization is also introduced. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 279,285, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20796 [source]