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Simplified Procedure (simplified + procedure)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Engineering	37%
Medical Sciences	25%
Chemistry	25%

Selected Abstracts

Vereinfachtes Verfahren zur Vorhersage des Langzeitverhaltens von Holz-Beton-Verbundkonstruktionen

BAUTECHNIK, Issue 4 2005
Ralf Avak Prof. Dr.-Ing.
Für die Bemessung von nachgiebig verbundenen Biegeträgern aus Holz und Beton wird vom praktisch tätigen Ingenieur in der Regel das ,-Verfahren bevorzugt. Das Verfahren ist Bestandteil nationaler, sowie europäischer Holzbauvorschriften [4], [5]. Für die Berechnung des Langzeitverhaltens ist das ,-Verfahren in seiner derzeitigen Form jedoch nur bedingt geeignet, da es z. B. das Schwinden des Betons nicht berücksichtigt. Im folgenden wird aus diesem Grund ein einfaches analytisches Verfahren vorgestellt, bei dem neben dem Kriechverhalten der Materialien Holz und Beton auch deren Schwind- bzw. Quellverformungen sowie das Langzeitverhalten der Schubverbindungsmittel berücksichtigt werden können. Die Anwendung des Verfahrens ist momentan noch auf Innenbauteile beschränkt. Simplified procedure for the description from the long-term behaviour of timber-concrete composite structures. The ,-procedure is favoured to design timber-concrete composite structures. This procedure is component of current national as well as European timber standards [4], [5]. The ,-procedure isn't suitable to describe the long-term behaviour, because it does not consider the shrinkage of concrete for example. A simplified procedure is introduced in the following. This procedure considers creeping of timber and concrete and , for the first time , swelling and shrinkage of these materials, as well as the long-term behaviour of the shear connectors. Currently it is applicable only to inner structures. [source]

Plasma membrane surface potential (,pm) as a determinant of ion bioavailability: A critical analysis of new and published toxicological studies and a simplified method for the computation of plant ,pm

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 12 2006
Thomas B. Kinraide
Abstract Plasma membranes (PMs) are negatively charged, and this creates a negative PM surface electrical potential ,PM) that is also controlled by the ionic composition of the bathing medium. The ,PM controls the distribution of ions between the PM surface and the medium so that negative potentials increase the surface activity of cations and decrease the surface activity of anions. All cations reduce the negativity of ,PM, and these common ions are effective in the following order: Al3+ > H+ > Cu2+ > Ca2+ , Mg2+ > Na+ , K+. These ions, especially H+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, are known to reduce the uptake and biotic effectiveness of cations and to have the opposite effects on anions. Toxicologists commonly interpret the interactions between toxic cations (commonly metals) and ameliorative cations (commonly H+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) as competitions for binding sites at a PM surface ligand. The ,PM is rarely considered in this biotic ligand model, which incorporates the free ion activity model. The thesis of this article is that ,PM effects are likely to be more important to bioavailability than site-specific competition. Furthermore, ,PM effects could give the false appearance of competition even when it does not occur. The electrostatic approach can account for the bioavailability of anions, whereas the biotic ligand model cannot, and it can account for interactions among cations when competition does not occur. Finally, a simplified procedure is presented for the computation of ,PM for plants, and the possible use of ,PM in a general assessment of the bioavailability of ions is considered. [source]

Theoretical basis for extraction of mildly nonlinear behavioral models

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RF AND MICROWAVE COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING, Issue 1 2003
José C. Pedro
Abstract The analytical and laboratory requirements for the extraction of a mildly nonlinear behavioral model are derived. This shows that they greatly exceed current capabilities in general, and a simplified procedure based on dynamic linear element deembedding is proposed. This procedure is then illustrated for a case of practical significance by discussing various methods to extract an intermodulation model of a MES field effect transistor. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 13: 40,53, 2003. [source]

A simplified procedure to identify trailing vortices generated by a Rushton turbine

AICHE JOURNAL, Issue 2 2007
Renaud Escudié
First page of article [source]

Sheathless Implantation of Permanent Coronary Sinus-LV Pacing Leads

PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 2 2006
PETER HOFFMEISTER
Background: Implantation of CS-LV pacing leads is usually accomplished through specialized sheaths with additional use of contrast venography and other steps. Direct implantation at a target pacing site could provide a simplified procedure with appropriate leads. Methods: A progressive CS-LV lead implant protocol was used, with initial attempts made to place the lead directly using only fluoroscopy and lead stylet or wire manipulation. Coronary sinus (CS) sheaths were only used later if direct lead placement failed. Results: There were 105 attempted implants with 96% (101/105) success. Leads were implanted sheathlessly in 69% (70/101) cases. Pacing parameters and final lead position did not differ significantly between implants that did or did not require sheaths for implants. Three peri-procedural complications occurred in implants where sheaths were used. In 33% (33/101) of implants, the leads were placed without the use of sheaths or contrast venography in 20 minutes or less. Conclusions: Direct placement of the CS-LV pacing lead without sheaths can be accomplished successfully in a majority of implants and in ,20 minutes in a third, without inferior pacing parameters. This may provide for shorter or less technically difficult or expensive procedures with low risk. [source]

Prediction of agrochemical residue data on fruit using an informatic system (PARDIS model)

PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (FORMERLY: PESTICIDE SCIENCE), Issue 10 2008
Maura Calliera
Abstract A ,step-by-step' method was used to develop a simplified procedure for calculating pesticide residue levels on fruit at harvest by considering the application of the compound and the relevant routes of loss. The model is applicable to cases where the most important exposure route is by direct spray to the canopy of the crop and where uptake into the plant by the roots can be disregarded. The exposure dose is calculated by considering the proportion of total crop cover represented by the fruits. The loss processes considered are photodegradation, uptake, volatilization and washoff. The outputs of the model were compared with measured residues of pesticides on pear. Analysis of the model fit demonstrates that the model predicted the measured data with a good level of accuracy for four of seven investigated pesticides. The predicted/observed quotients are close to 1, as is the modelling efficiency, and there are no great differences between the predicted and observed values. Taking into account the extreme simplicity of the model and the complexity of the environmental processes considered, these results encourage further research into the modelling of residue behaviour in food commodities. The objectives of this work were to produce a tool to predict pesticide residues in products of plant origin, to complement monitoring of pesticide levels and to be useful in evaluating the effect of government policies on food safety. All predicted values were below the maximum levels fixed for pesticide residues in pear, as amended in Council Directives 86/362/EEC and 90/642/EEC. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry [source]

Vereinfachtes Verfahren zur Vorhersage des Langzeitverhaltens von Holz-Beton-Verbundkonstruktionen

Immediate functional loading of TiOblast dental implants in full-arch edentulous mandibles: a 3-year prospective study

CLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 7 2008
H. De Bruyn
Abstract Introduction: Implant-prosthetic rehabilitation of the completely edentulous mandible has evolved to a simplified procedure with shorter treatment time and survival rates of 95,100% depending on the implant system used. Purpose: The aim was to evaluate the 3-year clinical success of Astra Tech TiOblast implants, functionally loaded on the day of surgery with a fixed full-arch bridge in the mandible. Materials and methods: One hundred and twenty-five implants of 3.5,4 mm width and 11,17 mm length were installed in 25 edentulous mandibles of 15 female and 10 male patients. Implants were functionally loaded on the day of surgery with a provisional, acrylic, glassfibre reinforced, 10 unit bridge. After 3,4 months, the final 12-unit bridge was constructed. Radiographical bone loss was measured on peri-apical radiographs after 3, 12, 24 and 36 months. Results: All implants were functional during the whole study period yielding a survival rate of 100%. None of the fixtures showed pain or mobility after manual torque with 20 N cm at the 3-month control. Mean radiographical bone loss after 3 months and 1, 2 and 3 years was 0.6 mm (SD 0.7), 0.8 mm (SD 0.8), 1 mm (SD 0.8) and 1.3 (SD 1) respectively, which was statistically significantly increasing up to 1 year. Conclusion: Immediate loading of full-arch mandibular bridgework on five TiOblast implants offers a long-lasting clinical result with 100% fixture survival and stable bone-to-implant contact up to 3 years. [source]